China archaeologist Xia Nai. One of the main directors and organizers of archaeological work in People's Republic of China (PRC). Inscription. People from Wenzhou, Zhejiang. 1934 graduated from the history department of Tsinghua University. 1939 received a doctorate in Egyptian archaeology from London University. After returning to China, he served as a special member of the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum, and an associate researcher and researcher at the Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as deputy director and director of the Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Sciences, chairman of the Archaeological Society of China, member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences, editorial board member of Encyclopedia of China, and director of the volume editorial board of Encyclopedia of Archaeology of China. 1974- 1985 was selected as an academician or communication academician by the British, German, Swedish, American, Italian and Third World Academy of Sciences. Participated in and presided over the field investigation and excavation work, including: Yin Ruins, the ruins of Immedenburg Mountain City, Ermenc in Egypt, Doubre in Palestine, Cliff Tomb in Pengshan, Sichuan, Dunhuang in Gansu, Wuwei, some ancient sites and tombs in Minqin, Huixian, Zhengzhou, Henan, Gongyi, Luoyang, Mianchi, Changsha, Hunan. 1956 ~ 1958 presided over the excavation of the Ming Tombs in Beijing. The main academic activities and achievements are: confirming that Yangshao culture was earlier than Qijia culture, and revising the division of Neolithic culture in Gansu by Swedish geologist and archaeologist J·G· An Tesheng; He wrote Carbon-14 Dating and Prehistoric Archaeology in China, and made a comprehensive and systematic study on the chronological order of Neolithic cultures in various places. 1950 Huixian excavation, the first discovery of Shang cultural remains earlier than Yin ruins; 195 1 Zhengzhou survey confirmed that Erligang site is another important Shang Dynasty site earlier than Yin Ruins. The excavation in Changsha, Hunan Province, clarified the evolution process of the local Chu tombs in the Warring States period; Published a series of research articles on Roman gold coins, Persian silver coins and ancient silk fabrics, which contributed to the study of Chinese and western traffic history; He published a series of papers, such as star charts, sericulture and silk, and gold ornaments in Jin and Zhou tombs, which made important contributions to the study of the history of science and technology in China. He is the author of Essays on Archaeology, History of Archaeology and Science and Technology, Archaeological Research in China and Origin of China Civilization (in Japanese). Editor-in-chief participated in the compilation of Huixian Excavation Report and Changsha Excavation Report, and edited Archaeological Harvest in New China and Archaeological Discovery and Research in New China.

Main research results ① In the study of Neolithic Age, through the excavation of Qijia cultural tombs in Yangwawan, Dingning, Gansu Province, 1945, it was confirmed that Yangshao culture was earlier than Qijia culture, and the article "New Discovery of Qijia Tomb and Its Age Revision" was published, which corrected the staging of Neolithic Culture in Gansu by Swedish scholar An Tesheng and laid the foundation for establishing the correct chronological order of Neolithic Culture in the Yellow River Basin. During the period of 1977, the article "Carbon-14 Dating and Prehistoric Archaeology in China" was written by using a large number of radiocarbon dating data measured in the laboratory of the Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Sciences, and the chronological order of Neolithic culture in China was comprehensively and systematically studied, and quite reliable conclusions were drawn. ② In the archaeology of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, through the excavation of Huixian County in Henan Province in 1950, the ruins of Shang Dynasty earlier than Yin Ruins in Anyang were discovered for the first time outside Anyang, which expanded the understanding of Shang culture in terms of region and age. 195 1 in the spring of, Erligang site was first confirmed as another important Shang Dynasty site earlier than Yin Ruins through investigation in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. Through the excavation in Changsha, Hunan in the autumn of 195 1, the evolution process of local tombs during the Warring States period was clarified, which laid the foundation for the study of Chu culture. (3) In the study of the history of communication between China and the West, since the late 1950s, papers have been published successively, such as Gold Coins of Eastern Rome Unearthed from the Sui Tomb of zhang wan at the end of Xianyang, Ancient Silk Fabrics Discovered in Xinjiang-Qi, Gold and Embroidery, and An Overview of the Three Generations of Bossa Silver Coins Unearthed in China. Based on the relics with exotic styles such as silk and foreign currency unearthed in China, this paper expounds the economic and cultural ties between China and Central Asia and West Asia, especially Persia and the Eastern Roman Empire during the Han and Tang Dynasties, and puts forward some original views on the communication route between China and the West. ④ In the study of China's history of science and technology, from the end of 1950s to the end of 1970s, a series of papers were published, such as Re-appraisal of the Metal Belt Unearthed from the Tomb of the Golden Week, Twenty-eight Nights and the Zodiac on the Star Map of the Liao Tomb in Xuanhua, and History of Ancient Silkworm, Mulberry, Silk and Silk in China. Using archaeological materials and methods, a series of papers have been published, expounding the achievements of ancient China in astronomy, mathematics, textiles and silk.

Xia nai (1910-1985)

Archaeologists and social activists. Academician of China Academy of Sciences. As an inscription, he is the director of the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

People from Wenzhou, Zhejiang. Tsinghua University graduated. From 65438 to 0935, he went to the University of London to study and obtained a doctorate in Egyptian archaeology. He returned to China on 194 1. He used to be Professor Peking University, a distinguished member of the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum, and a researcher at the Institute of History and Linguistics of Academia Sinica. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as deputy director and director of the Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Sciences. Member of Philosophy and Social Sciences Department of China Academy of Sciences, member of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, chairman of National Cultural Relics Committee, chairman of China Archaeological Society, vice president of China Academy of Social Sciences, honorary director of Archaeological Institute.

Because of his outstanding achievements and contributions in archaeology, he has successively won honorary titles such as Fellow of Communication of British Academy, Fellow of Communication of German Archaeological Institute, Fellow of Foreign Academy of Royal Swedish Academy of Literature, History and Archaeology, Fellow of National Foreign Academy of America, Fellow of Communication of Italian Far East Institute, Fellow of Third World Academy of Sciences (elected 1985).

His main works include: New Discovery and Revision of Tombs in Qijia Period, Archaeology and History of Science and Technology, and Origin of Chinese Civilization. Editor-in-chief of Archaeological Harvest in New China and Archaeological Discovery and Research in New China.

1June 1985 19 died in Beijing at the age of 76.

1985 donated RMB 30,000 to establish the "Xia Nai Archaeological Research Achievement Award", which was awarded to archaeologists who have made outstanding achievements nationwide. 1994, the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences raised another 70,000 yuan, increasing the bonus principal to 654.38+10,000 yuan.