Question 1

1. What are the specific contents of information literacy or quality?

Information literacy refers to the consciousness, attitude and concept that users gradually form by using modern science and technology represented by computer and its network technology in the process of learning and growing up, and the ability to obtain, identify, process, transmit and create information and use it to solve practical problems. It includes strong information consciousness, systematic information concept and comprehensive information ability.

2. The concepts of information, knowledge, intelligence and literature? What are the elements of literature?

Concept of information: 1. Information is an object entity formed by processing the original materials collected from natural phenomena and social phenomena and finding out the relationship between them according to certain purposes and needs.

2. Information is meaningful, processed and valuable data for decision-making, that is, information = data+processing.

3. Information is a physical object that people systematically organize, sort out and analyze data to make it relevant, but it has nothing to do with the behavior of specific users. Information can be digitized.

The concept of knowledge: knowledge refers to the cognition gained by people in understanding and transforming the world, including the cognition gained through reading and learning, and the sum of all experiences accumulated through their own or others' experiences.

The concept of intelligence: information that people use, feel and communicate.

The concept of literature: it is all the carriers to record knowledge.

Document elements: It includes not only all collections of modern libraries, but also all collections of archives, museums, audio-visual halls and information centers.

3. What types of information and information resources include?

1) Types of information: According to the nature of the objects that generate information, it can be divided into natural information (instantaneous sound, light, heat, electricity, various weather changes, slow crustal movement, celestial evolution, etc. ) and biological information (various forms and behaviors of organisms for reproduction and survival, such as genetic information, information exchange within organisms and information exchange within animal populations). According to the carrier to which information is attached, it can be divided into document information, oral information, electronic information, biological information and so on.

Types of information resources: According to different storage media, information resources can be divided into printed information resources, electronic information resources, digital information resources and multimedia information resources.

4. What types of documents are there? What is the basis for classifying documents into these types?

1) is divided according to carrier material, storage technology and transmission mode.

It can be divided into: printed, miniature, audition and machine-readable literature information sources.

2) Depending on the degree of treatment.

It can be divided into: primary document information sources, secondary document information sources and tertiary document information sources.

3) According to the content of literature information sources.

It can be divided into: books, periodicals, newspapers, scientific and technological reports, government publications, conference documents, patent documents, dissertations, standard documents, archive documents, product samples, etc.

5. What is the type of database? What are the characteristics of network resources?

Database types: online database, CD-ROM database and network database.

What are the characteristics of network resources: huge quantity and rapid growth; Rich in content and diverse in forms; Frequent changes and different values; The structure is complex and widely distributed; Information is scattered, out of order, etc.

6. What is a "core journal"? What are the core journals of this major?

The definition of core journals is that in a certain discipline, a few journals cover most of the literature of the discipline, while most journals only contain a small amount of literature of the discipline, and these few journals are the core journals of the discipline.

The core journals of this major are: politics and law, global law review, contemporary law and law.

7. What is information retrieval? What types are there?

Definition: It is a process of comparing the characteristics of users' questions with the characteristics of data sources through certain methods and means, and then extracting consistent or relatively consistent information for users to use.

Type: literature retrieval, data retrieval and fact retrieval.

8. Briefly describe the principle of information retrieval.

The essence of information retrieval is a matching process, that is, the process of matching the subject concept or retrieval expression needed by information users with the system language of an information system. If there is a match, the required information will be checked, otherwise the retrieval will fail.

9. What is a computer information retrieval system? It consists of several parts.

Computer information retrieval system is a retrieval method that uses computers and certain communication equipment to find needed information. The retrieval system is a system that combines human design operation and computer automation processing.

Components: CD retrieval system, online retrieval system and network retrieval system.

10. What are the computer information retrieval technologies?

Boolean retrieval, vector space retrieval, fuzzy set retrieval, probability retrieval and full-text retrieval have developed into hypertext retrieval and are developing towards intelligence.

1 1. In terms of appearance and content characteristics, what are the types of retrieval languages? A simple search formula is given for different features.

The retrieval language that describes the external characteristics of information includes title (title, journal name, article name), author name \ company name, published project, code \ serial number (such as patent number, report number, standard number) and so on. Used as a retrieval symbol is simple and clear.

The retrieval languages that describe the characteristics of information content include classified language and topic language, and topic language can be divided into keyword language, unit word language, title word language and narrative language.

12. Why do you want to create a retrieval language? What types does it have? Compare the advantages and disadvantages of classified language and topic language.

1) retrieval language refers to a special language used to describe the content characteristics and external characteristics of information in information systems and to express users' information problems in order to facilitate the retrieval of documents.

2) Type: according to whether the retrieval language is controlled or not, it can be divided into artificial language and natural language, according to the implementation of retrieval, it can be divided into the first group of retrieval languages and the second group of retrieval languages, and according to the different characteristics of information, it can be divided into retrieval languages that describe the external characteristics of information and retrieval languages that describe the content characteristics of documents.

13, the methods and approaches of information (literature) retrieval, and discuss the retrieval steps in detail?

1. Analyze the research topic and define the retrieval requirements: analyze the main content of the topic, determine the literature type of the topic, determine the retrieval time range, and analyze the retrieval evaluation requirements of users.

2. Selection of retrieval tools: According to the requirements of retrieval subject, select the retrieval reference books that can best meet the retrieval requirements, and choose different databases for different data types.

3. Determine the retrieval strategy: determine the retrieval approach and formulate the retrieval strategy.

4. Adjust the retrieval scheme: after determining the specific retrieval method, use the used database to search within a certain age range to obtain literature clues. Users make judgments on each retrieval result and make corresponding modifications and adjustments to the retrieval strategy until satisfactory results are obtained.

5. Obtain the original text: directly obtain it by full-text database, obtain it by document delivery system, use the original text service of abstract database, and use OPAC retrieval system for interlibrary loan.

14. What are the literature clues? List the clues of the above different literature types (journal papers, conference papers, books, standards, etc. ).

Literature clue: The concept of literature retrieval can be divided into narrow sense and broad sense.

In a narrow sense, retrieval refers to the process of finding and obtaining specific related documents from a large number of organized related literature collections according to certain methods. The literature collection here is not the literature itself, but the information or clues about the literature. If we really want to obtain the information recorded in the literature, we should also obtain the original text according to the literature clues obtained by retrieval.

Generalized retrieval includes two processes: information storage and retrieval. Information storage means that staff collect a large amount of disordered information, sort, condense and index it according to the appearance and content characteristics of information sources, so as to make it systematic and orderly, and build a retrieval tool or retrieval system with retrieval function according to certain technical requirements for people to retrieve and use. And retrieval refers to the use of compiled retrieval tools or retrieval systems to find out specific information that meets the requirements of users.

15. Briefly describe the collection resources of Superstar Electronic Library, Scholar's Home Digital Library, China Academic Journal Full-text Database, VIP Chinese Sci-tech Journal Database and Wanfang Digital Journal.

1), Superstar Electronic Library: The collection of electronic books is rich in content, including more than 50 disciplines such as classical theory, philosophy, social science, economy, language, literature, mathematics, physics and chemistry, biology, industrial technology and computer. At present, there are 800,000 Chinese e-books, 3 million papers and more than 400 million full-text books, and they are constantly updated and increased every day.

2) Scholar's House Digital Library: It mainly includes new books published after 1999, and its collection is more than half of the new books published every year in China. At present, it has150,000 books, with a considerable number and complete disciplines.

3) Full-text Database of China Academic Journals: The products of this database are divided into ten photo albums: Science and Technology A, Science and Technology B, Science and Technology C, Agriculture, Medicine and Health, Literature, History and Philosophy, Politics, Military and Law, Education and Social Science Synthesis, Electronic Technology and Information Science, Economy and Management. The album is divided into several topics, *** 168 topic.

4) VIP Chinese sci-tech periodical database: According to China Library Classification, all documents are divided into eight volumes: social science, natural science, engineering technology, medicine and health, agricultural science, economic management, educational science and library information. These 8 albums are subdivided into 36 topics.

5) Features of Wanfang Digital Journals: At present, more than 70 kinds of science, engineering, agriculture, medicine and humanities have been collected, and more than 2,500 kinds of core journals of science and technology have been realized online. Periodicals included in the system include seven categories: basic science, agricultural science, social science, philosophy, politics and law, medicine and health, education, literature and art, economy and finance.

16. In this paper, two databases, "China Academic Journals Full-text Database" and "VIP Chinese Sci-tech Journals Database", are combined to discuss their respective "advanced retrieval" methods.

1), the method of "advanced retrieval" of VIP Chinese sci-tech periodical database: open VIP database, click advanced retrieval, enter keywords, authors, classification numbers, institutions and publication names, expand the retrieval conditions, such as time conditions, professional restrictions and periodical scope, and then click retrieval.

2) The method of "advanced retrieval" for full-text database of China academic journals: Open China HowNet, click Advanced Retrieval, enter full-text database of China academic journals, input retrieval control conditions, such as publication time and annual support fund of journals, and then input content retrieval conditions.

17. Briefly describe the characteristics and functions of special documents and the structure of academic papers.

Features: Special distribution channels and different forms have special value that other documents can't replace.

Function: transmitting scientific and technological information

Structure: Generally speaking, an academic paper consists of eight necessary components, of which the front part includes title, author, abstract and keywords, and the main part includes introduction, text, conclusion and references.

18. What are the types of grading standards? What are the grades of China standard? What symbols are used respectively?

Classification: 1) can be divided into international standards, regional standards, national standards, industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards according to the scope of use.

According to the binding nature of standards, they can be divided into mandatory standards and non-mandatory standards.

China: national standard GB industry standard FZ local standard DB enterprise standard Q.

2) A complete classification number consists of symbols representing departments, categories, subcategories, groups or groups. For example: A0 1B 1/02.

-department a

—— category A0 1

-subclass A0 1B

-group A0 1B 1/00.

-group A0 1B 1/02

classify

-Part A: Life needs

-part b: homework; transport

-part c: chemistry; metallurgy

-part d: textiles; make paper

-part e: fixed buildings

-part f: mechanical engineering; Lighting; Heating; explosion

-part g: physics

-part h: electricity

19, the respective meanings of novelty, creativity and practicality of patents, and the types of patents protected in China.

1. Novelty means that before the filing date, no identical invention or utility model was published in domestic and foreign publications, used in China or known to the public in other ways, and no identical invention or utility model was filed by others with the the State Council Patent Administration Department and recorded in the patent application documents published after the filing date.

2. Creativity means that compared with the prior art before the filing date, the invention has outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress, and the utility model has substantive features and progress.

3. Practicality means that the invention or utility model can be manufactured or used and can produce positive effects.

Types of patents protected in China: inventions, utility models and designs.