Investigation report on law major (1)
The employment situation of college students is becoming increasingly severe, and the law major has become a major with low employment rate because of its narrow employment scope. The survey shows that law students have a rational understanding of the employment situation and obviously feel the employment pressure. At the same time, the survey shows that law students will apply for civil servants as their first choice for employment, while big cities and economically developed areas are their first choice for employment, and they have higher expectations for post-employment income.
I. Analysis of Employment Prospects
With the development of national economy, science and technology and society, China's legal system construction is also in a period of rapid development and gradual improvement. Especially since China joined the WTO, the demand for legal professionals has increased sharply, especially for economic organizations and law firms.
Law major is a sunrise discipline, and from the perspective of social demand, it has great development prospects. Judging from the employment situation of law graduates, they have a solid professional foundation and can engage in legal services in procuratorial organs, judicial organs, administrative organs, enterprises and institutions, social organizations, arbitration institutions and legal service institutions. Employment prospects are very broad, when the police, prosecutors, judges, civil servants of administrative organs; Responsible for the legal affairs of large companies; Be a lawyer; Be a college law teacher; It is a good choice to be a law researcher in the graduate school.
Law majors have a high demand for high-quality and highly educated talents. They should not only have good professional ethics and quality, but also have profound professional knowledge background and interdisciplinary industry knowledge. In recent years, with the higher education requirements for legal talents, the employment situation of law undergraduates is not optimistic. However, highly educated law graduates, especially those majoring in economics and international communication, have broad employment prospects.
Second, the current employment situation
"What happened to the law?" This may be the question that all people who care about the law want to ask most at present. From "professional dragon" to "professional worm"; From dazzling "employment elite" to "employment labor" at the bottom; Employment has turned to ice, but there are still so many candidates applying for the exam every year. In recent years, the low employment rate of law graduates has become a common concern in society. Whether "Peking University students sell pork" or "Western political students sell Sugar-Coated Berry", behind all kinds of exaggerations in the news media are people's worries and considerations about legal education. Judging from the employment situation of law majors over the years, the reasons for the severe form mainly include the following aspects:
① Enrollment expansion.
Too many colleges and universities follow suit to set up law majors, resulting in too many law majors, which eventually leads to the "quality cake" of law becoming stale. That's true. It is understood that there is no unified standard for setting up law schools in colleges and universities in China. The setting threshold of law major is too low or even no threshold, which has also caused many "strange situations witnessed by law major" in colleges and universities in China. For example, some science and engineering colleges study hard to upgrade comprehensive universities; Some colleges try to learn in order to enhance their brands; Although some colleges and universities have laws, they don't have full-time professors or even trained law teachers ... According to incomplete statistics, in the past 20 years, a total of 292 colleges and universities across the country have opened undergraduate majors in law. There are about 560 in 20 years, and the number increased in 4 years is similar to that accumulated in the past 20 years; By the end of 20**, the number of students has reached 634, and law has become one of the three largest majors in China. So far, the "Great Leap Forward Movement of Law" in China universities has successfully completed the triple jump. According to statistics, there are about 300,000 undergraduate law students and 220,000 junior law students in China, which is more than 200 times more than 30 years ago. On the one hand, the enrollment of law majors in colleges and universities is "striding forward", on the other hand, the social demand for law talents is "stumbling", which blocks a large number of "law believers" at the high-speed intersection of employment.
2 exams.
Known as the most difficult judicial examination in the world, as an access system for the legal profession, it has hindered the progress of a considerable number of people.
③ Professional education.
The employment scope of law major is narrow and the threshold is high. At present, legal education in colleges and universities only focuses on cultivating legal talents in the legal profession according to tradition, but not on cultivating excellent legal talents for all walks of life according to the changes in the demand of talent market, which is relatively out of touch with social needs.
Law is a social discipline and needs rich social practice.
Take the lawyer industry as an example, the goods provided by lawyers are services, and they sell the combination of their own case-handling experience and legal knowledge, and strive for the best interests of the parties with their own experience and legal knowledge. This requires law graduates to have some experience in handling cases, so that they can easily find legal work, which is what law graduates lack. To some extent, this is determined by the social nature of law major. Legal knowledge divorced from social practice is lifeless.
⑤ Expectations are too high.
After graduation, law students prefer institutions and institutions, and have higher requirements for salary and social status.
Third, face the difficulties and ask about the future.
Facing the severe employment situation, on the one hand, law students should strive to learn professional knowledge well, improve their own abilities and cultivate some qualities they need in the future as soon as possible, especially the improvement of some comprehensive qualities. After all, law is a very practical subject, so the practical ability to solve problems is very important. Only by exercising this ability during the study period can we use it in the future and stand out in the employment competition. On the other hand, graduates should also change their employment concepts and expand their employment fields. For example, they can consider hard areas in their geographical choice, and they can choose some new professions instead of sticking to the traditional legal profession in their specific career choice.
As law is still a highly practical subject, law students should go deep into life and participate in various practical activities while fully learning the theoretical knowledge of this major, such as internship in public security organs, procuratorial organs, law firms and law firms, learning practical operations, accumulating some experience and testing the correctness of theoretical knowledge. Law is essentially a "people-oriented" science, so students must never be divorced from society, otherwise they will be behind closed doors.
When law students enter the senior year, as long as they have various possible employment choices, they should try their best (mainly attending various job fairs and talent exchange meetings).
Students can choose to take the postgraduate entrance examination, take the judicial examination, take the civil service examination of state organs, and broaden employment channels. Or according to their own interests and social needs, learning a skill, such as quick recording technology, and entering the court as a clerk is also one of the good employment channels. The most important thing is not to be arrogant. Sometimes it's not that there is no job, but that students don't want to do it.
At present, there are about 6,543.8+04,000 registered lawyers and more than 6,543.8+00 law firms in China, with an average of one lawyer for every 9,000 people, including one lawyer for every 654.38+0.300 people in Beijing, one lawyer for every 654.38+0.800 people in Shanghai and one lawyer for every 200 people in new york. Judging from the regional distribution of lawyers, the development is extremely uneven. There are more than 1 10,000 lawyers in Guangdong and Beijing, accounting for 17% of the total number of lawyers in China, while there are only more than 400 lawyers in Qinghai Province and only 1 lawyer in some pastoral areas. The annual business of lawyers in China is about 9 million, and their business income is about 9 billion. The per capita income of lawyers is about 70,000 yuan, and the average fee per piece is about 1000 yuan. However, there are still serious regional differences. The annual income of lawyers in Beijing is as high as 260,000 yuan, Shanghai is about 200,000 yuan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang is about 70,000 yuan, and Guangdong is about 50,000 yuan. The average annual income of lawyers in some western provinces is only about 5,000 yuan, or even.
No matter the proportion of employees in the whole population, the proportion of lawyers with high academic qualifications and foreign language talents, or the proportion of medium and large law firms in the total number of law firms, lawyers in the central and western regions are not the same as those in the developed eastern regions. In particular, the extremely unbalanced economic development in the eastern, central and western regions directly leads to the disparity in lawyers' income, which cannot be significantly changed in a short time. This is an indisputable fact. Due to the great contrast between the development of lawyers in the east and the midwest, some lawyers in the midwest are moving to the east, which is also in line with the law of talent flow in a sense.
Therefore, on the whole, from the perspective of personal survival and interests, the lawyer industry in developed areas such as Beijing and Guangdong has the best development environment and is most conducive to personal development. Of course, we can't just look at these average figures and think that the situation of the lawyer industry is excellent. Lawyer is an industry with a big gap between strength and weakness. Well-known barristers earn millions or millions a year, but many lawyers can't make ends meet, earning less than 10 thousand yuan a year, and some even have no money to pay the annual inspection meeting or membership fee, so they are forced to change careers. For a new lawyer, 90% income can only maintain a basic survival. Although the symbol of success is not money, the most powerful evaluation criterion for lawyers is income. In addition, the lawyer's practice environment is also very bad, which is a huge obstacle for us to engage in the lawyer industry.
The society is not perfect and the lawyer industry is not satisfactory, but we should see that the lawyer industry will only develop in a better and better direction. As long as you choose a lawyer, you must work hard to realize your dream and you will succeed one day.
Investigation report on law major (2)
In the cases accepted by our hospital in recent two years, a criminal group that should not have appeared: college students. Why do these favored children who live in ivory towers and are concerned by society embark on the road of crime? What problems should the undertaker pay attention to in handling cases? How can we reduce the crime of college students? With these question marks, the author investigated and analyzed the criminal cases of college students accepted by our hospital.
First, the characteristics of college students' crime
(1) Crime types: College students commit crimes in a single way. Judging from the current statistics, it only involves theft and intentional injury, and there are no cases of high IQ crimes that the author subjectively believes should exist before the investigation; The ratio of male to female students involved is 7: 1. Male students are mainly suspected of intentional injury, while female students are all suspected of theft without exception.
(2) Amount involved (consequences): The objects that college students are suspected of stealing are personal items with strong mobility, such as mobile phones, credit cards and walkman. , and the amount involved is relatively small, most of them are around 1000 yuan, and only one case involves 7000 yuan (the review result is no prosecution); The highest crime of intentional injury is "minor injury", mostly minor injuries;
(3) Infringement object: The object of college students' crimes is mostly classmates, and the more familiar they are, the more likely they are to be infringed, just like dormitory classmates. There are only two cases where people I don't know have been violated (one case of intentional injury and one case of theft);
(4) Compulsory measures: The main compulsory measure for college students to commit crimes is to get a bail pending trial, and guarantors can generally abide by the law, except for one case where compulsory measures are changed because they cannot be summoned;
(5) Handling result: The punishment is generally light. Non-prosecution cases account for 15%, and the rest are fixed-term imprisonment of less than three years; Summary procedure is generally applicable to trial procedure.
(VI) Personnel composition: Among the college students involved, the majors are private universities, adult education colleges of ordinary universities and public universities. In the cases collected by the author, there is no case of undergraduates committing crimes in public universities.
(7) Age structure: mainly undergraduate students in the first and second grades and junior college students. There are no cases of crimes committed by third and fourth grade undergraduate students.
(8) Household registration characteristics: mainly college students from other places who come to Beijing to study. There are only two cases of local students committing crimes.
(9) Subjective intention of crime: These college students are less subjective and have no stubborn feelings. They all confessed their crimes truthfully, and their confessions were very stable. From the investigation stage to the trial stage, there was no retraction.
Second, the causes of college students' crime analysis
1, college students' legal awareness is generally indifferent.
As far as the current education system in China is concerned, the emphasis is on academic education, not quality education. Although the situation of "emphasizing academic qualifications over quality" has improved after several appeals, it is far from ideal. There is no content about legal education in primary and secondary school textbooks. Even in universities, only one compulsory course "Basic Theory of Law" is offered in the first year of university. Under this educational system, students and parents only pay attention to grades, ignoring quality education, and the concept of obeying the law is very indifferent.
2. The influence of social environment and school environment.
Although college students are already adults in the legal sense, because most of them have been in school since childhood, they have little contact with society, and their psychological state has not yet reached the maturity of adults. The influence of the surrounding environment on them cannot be ignored.
Judging from the social environment, TV, books, newspapers and magazines are the most exposed to students since childhood. Some bad film and television works and magazines in Hong Kong and Taiwan have impacted students' outlook on life and morality visually and spiritually, and influenced students' words and deeds imperceptibly. Some students who have been immersed for a long time may go astray after leaving the "high-pressure management" of middle schools and entering more relaxed universities. Although most college students who committed crimes regretted it after the incident, it didn't help.
Judging from the small school environment, private universities account for a considerable proportion of the schools to which criminal college students belong, and the second place is Adult Education College. Undeniably, some private universities have made positive contributions to attracting students who failed in the college entrance examination and students with low scores, and adult education colleges have also provided opportunities for those who want to continue their studies in society. However, their school-running mode, which pays attention to economic benefits and implements loose management, has also laid hidden dangers for local social security and is not conducive to the growth of college students.
3. Psychological analysis of criminal college students.
(1) Luck and impulsiveness. Among college students' crimes, there are almost no premeditated crimes, and most of them are impulsive crimes, that is, improvisation. Most college students who commit theft covet vanity and pleasure. Driven by luck, people steal other people's things like ghosts, only one case is stolen out of curiosity and excitement; () Most college students who commit intentional injury are hot-headed and impulsive, and regret it after hurting others.
(2) Affected by psychological imbalance and sense of loss. In the cases collected by the author, the criminals are all freshmen and sophomores (including junior college), especially international students. For the first time, foreign college students come to Beijing to study, far away from their relatives in their hometown, and their surrounding environment has changed greatly, and their psychology is in a transitional period from students to adults; Coupled with the lack of money, psychological imbalance or hesitation, loneliness also arises spontaneously. Students who have poor self-control ability or have been lazy to think will easily go astray if no one gives them guidance.
4. Analysis of the "fuse" that induces college students to commit crimes.
The direct cause of inducing college students to commit crimes, that is, the fuse of inducing crimes, is that the victims' own awareness of prevention is not strong, which gives college students with bad ideas an opportunity. In theft cases, the stolen goods are mostly placed by the victims out of public sight, which leads to college students with bad ideas stealing in shops; In the case of intentional injury, the victim lacks awareness of prevention for college students with violent tendencies (or drunkenness), does not know how to avoid them in time, and tries to retreat to advance, causing unnecessary harm to himself.
Third, the undertaker should pay attention to the problems in handling college students' cases:
1. In handling criminal cases of college students, the undertaker should focus on saving, be self-centered, formulate case review plans for individual cases, and adopt different strategies for different types of college students' crimes. For college students who have always performed well but are only temporarily confused, they should be given appropriate comfort and encouraged to continue their studies (or pursue further studies); For individual "black sheep" who are really subjective and vicious, the undertaker should also pay attention to distinguish them from ordinary criminals and make appropriate conclusions after careful examination.
2. The undertaker should communicate with the school and family in time, dig deep into the ideological roots of criminal college students, and can't close the case hastily. University is the turning point of students' psychology from naivety to maturity, which is easily influenced by external factors. If we ignore the understanding of the surrounding environment of criminal college students in handling cases, it is impossible to do a good job in crime prevention for college students. The organizer should urge schools (mainly private schools) to improve the rules and regulations in the form of procuratorial suggestions, establish a good school spirit, especially do a good job in guiding freshmen after entering school, strengthen the daily legal basic education of college students, and increase the management of college students, so that the school can realize the maximum unification of economic benefits and social effects on the basis of educational industrialization.
3. The undertaker should pay special attention to the return visit after the case is handled. College students who commit crimes are not vicious subjectively, and most of them are misdemeanors. Generally, they will return to society after serving a sentence of about one year, and many college students sentenced to probation will return to society in a shorter time. In a short time, these college students have experienced the most painful lesson in their lives. It is difficult to "stand up where you fell" by your own efforts, and you need more help from your relatives and friends. However, some students' parents "hate iron to produce steel", cut off family relations, and sneer at the children who have returned from prison, which has further dealt a blow to the life confidence of criminal college students and is likely to prompt them to fall into the abyss of crime again. The undertaker should pay attention to the criminal cases of college students handled by himself, understand their recent situation by writing letters, calling, etc., encourage them to turn over a new leaf, help criminal college students dispel negative thoughts in time, and raise the sail of life again.
4. The undertaker should study college students' criminal cases or similar cases in time, find out the similarities, contact the universities where the crimes occurred in time, strengthen college students' awareness of prevention and law through lectures, publicity materials and other forms, and require college students to take good care of their money at ordinary times, be calm and calm when things happen, and not act impulsively, which can play a good role in crime prevention.
Investigation report on law specialty (3)
First, the basic situation of internship
1, internship plan
(1) Internship time: 20xx, x, x, x, x, x, x, x.
(2) Internship Location: Anti-dereliction and Infringement Bureau of Xixiangtang District People's Procuratorate
(3) Internship: Anti-dereliction and Infringement Bureau of Xixiangtang District People's Procuratorate
(4) Internship mode: Internship in the unit to assist in investigating cases.
(5) Internship purpose: to get in touch with and know the society, understand the current situation of judicial practice in China, learn the overall thinking, logic, position, viewpoint and working method of prosecutors, further deepen the understanding of basic knowledge and theory of law, and make preliminary practical application; Learn legal work experience, learn to integrate theory with practice, understand the investigation procedures of various cases, and initially master investigation skills; Cultivate the initial practical work ability and professional skills, and master the general methods and skills of inquiry and interrogation; Master the writing methods and skills of various legal documents and transcripts.
2. Internship unit
(1) Company name: Anti-dereliction and Infringement Bureau of xx District People's Procuratorate.
(2) Company Profile (by clicking):
The Anti-Dereliction and Infringement Bureau of Xixiangtang District People's Procuratorate is the self-investigation department of Xixiangtang District People's Procuratorate. Its main work is to investigate and deal with cases of dereliction of duty and infringement, and to crack down on criminal activities of dereliction of duty and infringement by leaders and staff of state administrative organs, administrative law enforcement departments and other units. Compared with other departments, because of its independence, particularity and strict confidentiality, it is an important department to crack down on dereliction of duty and infringement crimes.
Second, the main content of the internship
1. Through observation and analysis, we can understand the current situation of governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law.
2. In daily work, carefully observe and understand the organizational structure and various rules and regulations of the People's Procuratorate, be familiar with the daily operation of the Anti-Dereliction and Infringement Bureau of the People's Procuratorate, and under the guidance of the leaders and instructors of the Anti-Dereliction and Infringement Bureau, apply the learned laws and relevant knowledge to solve practical problems such as investigating cases.
3. In daily work, learn and master the workflow of the Anti-dereliction and Infringement Bureau of the People's Procuratorate, and understand and master the specific procedures of the Procuratorate in investigating cases, examining and prosecuting, approving arrests, etc. And assist prosecutors in handling cases.
4, in the case investigation, prosecution and other work, cultivate the preliminary practical ability and professional skills, and initially master the general methods and skills of inquiry and interrogation; Initially master the writing methods and skills of legal documents such as interrogation transcripts, interrogation transcripts, review reports, preliminary investigation reports, preliminary investigation stage reports, filing rejection reports, and judicial practice case analysis.
Third, the internship summary and experience
I worked as an intern in the Anti-Dereliction and Infringement Bureau of Xixiangtang District People's Procuratorate in Nanning from XX to XX.
During my internship, with the help of my tutor, I gradually became familiar with the main work of the Anti-dereliction Bureau of the Procuratorate and was able to actively complete the tasks assigned by my tutor. During the internship, I strictly demand myself, take the initiative to understand the work tasks, consult the instructor humbly, report the work progress in time, boldly discuss the practical problems encountered, conscientiously sum up the internship work, seriously explore my own shortcomings, constantly improve myself, and strive to improve my theoretical level and work ability, which has been affirmed by the internship instructor.
During the internship, with the help of the instructor, I went to the detention center with the case handlers to interrogate the suspects, and learned the main group characteristics of the suspects of dereliction of duty: higher professional positions, greater public power, higher education, rich social experience and weak tendency to violence. Most of the suspects are suspected of corruption, bribery, dereliction of duty and other crimes because their thoughts are shaken in front of money.
During the internship, follow the case-handling personnel to the relevant administrative law enforcement departments (confidential work is involved, and the specific departments are inconvenient to explain) to understand the relevant case and obtain relevant information. It is found that China's current laws, especially administrative law enforcement regulations, are not perfect enough, and the specific provisions are not detailed enough, which gives the relevant law enforcement departments great discretion and leaves a lot of room for corruption. After consulting my tutor, I know the current situation of legislation, law enforcement and judicature in China, and the process of rule of law in China still has a long way to go.
During the internship, in the investigation of related criminal cases, it involves the issue of civilized law enforcement. After communicating with the instructor of the unit, I learned that:
1, various legal professionals have different division of labor: the main responsibility of lawyers is to protect the human rights and litigation rights of the parties; Public prosecution organs, including the court system, mainly protect public power and public interests;
2. Victims of dereliction of duty are rarely listed as litigants in judicial practice, especially in the litigation of public prosecution cases, belonging to the most vulnerable group, and their interests are difficult to be reflected and protected in litigation;
3. With the improvement of China's relevant legal system, the degree of civilized law enforcement is gradually advancing. Compared with before, the human rights of criminal suspects have been better protected, but it still needs long-term efforts to realize the real protection of human rights.
During the internship, in the process of reviewing materials, investigating cases and investigating cases, the tutor handed over the legal documents such as the proposed review report, the preliminary investigation report, the preliminary investigation stage report, the case report of filing a case and the case analysis of judicial practice. In the process of writing, be familiar with the writing methods and skills of relevant legal documents, and understand the workflow of relevant case-handling links and the methods and skills of investigating cases.
During my internship, during the process of writing legal documents, I learned the knowledge in judicial practice, especially the identification of the constitutive elements of the crime of dereliction of duty, through discussions with the instructors of the internship units. It is found that in judicial practice, there is a great controversy about the determination of the result of dereliction of duty, and the relevant legal provisions are not deep enough, which has a certain impact on the investigation, preliminary investigation and filing of cases. After consulting relevant legal academic papers, it is found that relevant issues are also inconclusive in academic circles, and related discussions are also fierce. The determination of subjective elements of crime of discovery is a difficult point in judicial practice. In judicial practice, investigators mainly infer the subjective will of criminal suspects through existing evidence. This is also the connection between judicial practice and legal academic knowledge. We should accumulate experience through judicial practice and find effective methods and skills to investigate and deal with cases.
During the internship, I had an exchange with the instructor of the internship unit on combating corruption and promoting honesty. With the help of my teacher, I have a better understanding of the judicial anti-corruption work in China. It is understood that with the gradual strengthening of China's supervision over officials, corruption crimes will gradually decrease, but crimes such as bribery and dereliction of duty will continue, because the latter is more operational and more concealed than corruption crimes. This kind of crime is difficult to eradicate, but we can learn from foreign experience. Everyone's ID card is the person's bank account number, social security account number and other financial accounts, and everyone has only one account number, which will greatly increase the transparency of personal finance. However, in the process of trying, in order to protect personal information, there must be a corresponding perfect investigation system to prevent public power from arbitrarily infringing on personal human rights.
During the internship, I discussed the employment and job selection of college students with the instructor, and the instructor of the internship unit gave me guiding suggestions. The national policy advocates "three supports and one support", "supporting the west" and "serving the grassroots". College students are keen on civil servants, "Selected Graduates" and village officials. Personally, they tend to engage in professions related to the legal profession, such as the legal inspection system. The suggestions of the instructor of the internship unit are as follows: first, combine your own situation and interests and engage in your favorite career; Secondly, we should straighten out the concept of choosing a job and not blindly follow suit; Thirdly, we can try more internships and apprentices in different fields first, and make the right choice by considering various factors comprehensively; Finally, I suggest that if I am a lawyer, I must follow the correct guidance lawyer, so that I can be more familiar with the business and represent the case independently faster.
Through this internship, I found some shortcomings and deficiencies, and will try to improve them in the future. For example, I have little social experience and shallow social experience, and my understanding of judicial practice is not deep enough. In the future, I will try more different fields to understand the working environment of different occupational groups and increase my social experience; I am not perfect and careful about the cases I have handled, and it is easy to draw conclusions. The instructor of the internship unit gave me guidance in this regard. I will continue to work hard to cultivate my professionalism and be cautious.
During my internship in the Anti-dereliction and Infringement Bureau of the People's Procuratorate of Xixiangtang District, Nanning, I gained a lot. I not only tested the knowledge I learned in four years in college, but also learned to treat people and improve my practical ability. I am good at thinking about problems, dare to draw inferences from others, pay attention to teamwork, integrate theory with practice, fully mobilize knowledge reserves, improve work efficiency and quality, be calm and calm when things happen, and do things conscientiously and practically, which has won the praise of the unit guidance teachers.
In the future, I will conscientiously sum up this internship experience, learn lessons, communicate with my classmates, share internship experiences and experiences, learn from each other and learn from each other's strengths. After the internship, I will combine my own situation, make up for my own shortcomings, develop my own specialties, try different jobs with the goal of finding a job, find a career and position that suits me, and lay the foundation for employment.
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