Determination of sulfate ion: Generally, we choose Ba ion to precipitate sulfate ion, but the interfering ions must be removed before precipitation. Generally, we will choose dilute HCl for acidification first, but we can't add nitric acid (strong oxidation), because if sulfite ion is easy to exist, it will be oxidized into sulfate ion, which will affect the identification result.

Determination of carbonate: Generally, we introduce the generated gas into clarified limewater by adding dilute HCl and its reaction. If it becomes turbid, someone will determine it (this is suitable for junior high school chemistry, and if it is high school, it is necessary to identify whether the gas is SO2).

What do you mean by ammonia? NH4+ is ammonium radical, NH2- is ammonia radical, but NH2- even chemistry in high school has only appeared, has not been taught, and has to be studied in universities. If it is ammonium, add sodium hydroxide and heat. Put a wet PH test paper at the mouth of the test tube. If it turns blue and smells pungent, it is ammonium, but you can't deliberately smell this gas, which is not allowed in chemistry, because you can't be sure whether this gas is toxic or not! ! !