Liu Chenweng, a poet in Song Dynasty, wrote a large number of longevity poems, which reflected that longevity poems played an important role in the social interaction and singing of poets in Song Dynasty. Liu Chenweng's birthday poems have their own characteristics. While singing with friends and friends, expressing the sorrow of national subjugation, loneliness and sadness have become the main style of lyric at present. His self-proclaimed poems are more calm and intuitive, reflecting the subtle changes of personal emotions and thoughts.

Keywords: Liu Chenweng; Xu Xici; Shouci

Ci has a tendency to respond to songs and clubs, especially in the Southern Song Dynasty, and writers' associations praise ci with songs. Correspondingly, the trend of writing lyrics for birthdays is getting worse, Xu Angxiao said. After the south, what is the most important word for longevity? [1] Some neo-Confucianists and neo-Confucianists stepped in one after another, including more than 20 poems about Zhang Xiaoxiang's longevity, more than 40 poems by Xin Qiji and more than 70 poems by Liu Kezhuang. Philosopher Wei Liaoweng, with 189 poems and1kloc-0/poems about longevity, is a professional writer of longevity poems. Jiang Kui and Wu Wenying, the elegant poets, also contributed. Through the special literary perspective of Shou Ci, we can expand our understanding of the rich world situation and literati psychology at that time, so we can't ignore the study of Shou Ci.

Liu Chenweng (1232 1297), a famous writer, poet and scholar in the late Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Meng Hui, Xu Xi and Luling (Ji 'an, Jiangxi). Liu Chenweng's poems, words, essays and essays were all famous at that time. As far as Ci is concerned, Ci has been handed down from generation to generation in three volumes, with a total of 353 poems, ranking third only to Xin and Su in the Song Dynasty. Kuang Zhouyi's HSBC Thorn Volume 2:? The style of Xu Xi's ci is as lofty as Jia Xuan, and his love stories are as ups and downs as mountains. Sometimes, I am a genius, but I can be a bit like grandpa. ? [2] "The connection between Xu Xi's Ci and Su Xin's Ci" is a comment that classified it into Su Xin's Ci School earlier. Used in Li E's Thirty Words? Send spring to bitter tune Liu? Summarize the characteristics of Xu Xi's ci. In Lingxi Ci, Mr. Miao Yue compared Liu Chenweng with other poets in the late Song Dynasty. What are the characteristics of his Ci? Rewrite with the center and have the first relationship? [3]. In recent years, the study of Xu Xi's ci mostly follows the previous theory and is limited to the category of sending spring off in festivals. In fact, Liu Chenweng's birthday words should also be paid attention to, because of their unique style, which recorded many times information and personal thoughts worth studying.

There are a large number of longevity words in Liu Chenweng, among which 62 are directly marked as longevity words in Xu Xi's Ci. There are also 30 sub-lyrics related to birthdays, such as "Water turns around?" Living in Xie Hexi Garden, Jiangchengzi? First rhyme with Xuan Mo, and so on; In addition, there are at least two songs, which are not mentioned as birthday words in the preface, but the content is related to the birthday. One is Linjiang Xian? He wrote it silently? The first immortal is Feng Monk, with a forehead of eighty. Will you say you will do it? Another "Water Tune"? What did Chen Pingzhang write in an impromptu poem? Raise a glass to celebrate the public birthday, with thick fate? , can be inferred as longevity words. As a result, 94 poems can be regarded as longevity words, more than a quarter of the existing words in Liu Chenweng.

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Life-saving words, like holiday words, were originally created at a specific time and on a specific occasion, and also have their own special uses. As a result, Shouci has formed its own relatively fixed routine, with more descriptive language and more fame, wealth and longevity, which is used to increase the festive atmosphere of birthday. Liu Chenweng also wrote such poems, such as Linjiang Xian? On behalf of the Prime Minister, the two ladies have the same birthday order;

Autumn in Jiazi, auspicious day in September, Prime Minister, Hua Gong, mother of two countries. For the first time, please pay attention to the fine print and dedicate it to the song of the Queen Mother for three thousand years. )

The prime minister's clothes are full of drama, and the celebration is as novel as ever. Smile in front of your grandchildren. Shoujiu is handed down from person to person, and Kirin is a godsend. Vaguely, cigarettes are even in the north, and the sky is full of joy and spring. Penglai is shallow. At the beginning of this year, I tried Taogen again.

This is a birthday poem that has to be written, and every sentence in it is auspicious words that old people like to hear. Obviously, this kind of poem cannot evaluate its value from the literary point of view, and its value is reflected in its social function. Therefore, we should examine its existence from the perspective of social function. The year of Jiazi is five years (1264). The Prime Minister is Jia Sidao, and the two ladies are the mothers of Jia Sidao and Chyi Chin. Liu Chenweng Ding Jing took the Jinshi Examination for three years (1262) and worked with him in the imperial court. There is nothing to be afraid of in an economic mansion. Loyalty can hurt people, but integrity is not pitiful. [4] Jia Sidao. Two years later, Liu Chenweng wrote another poem for Jia Sidao's mother's birthday, which was unbelievable. In fact, during his five years in Ding Jing, Liu Chenweng was invited by Jiang Wanli to enter Fujian Transportation Department. He wrote a book in officialdom? Daiga？ In other words, this word is for Jiang Wanli's birthday, which is an official entertainment, and it doesn't mean to pay homage to Jia Sidao, but now it has become official etiquette to write this word for his birthday.

This is the case in officialdom, where people celebrate their birthdays with words. Liu Chenweng has a "Jade Box"? Shou Lao Deng is 80 years old, June 17, 1955. "

Who is the biggest in the middle and upper classes? It's hard to be a big shot. Eighty-six Weng sat idle. I am lazy. I've been lying on a high place recently. Forget the congratulations now. Shen Jia is still Julian. There is only one old star left. White hair and rosy cheeks. Fire in Lingguang Temple. Kunming was robbed. Jiao Qiyuan is yellow.

Liu Chenweng was twenty-seven years old after six years in Baodou, Wuwu (1258). He was the first person to take the Liu Chenweng provincial exam in the autumn of 1960. Lao Deng? By who? My Lord. It is known that Liu Chenweng, a fellow countryman, made a birthday congratulation and apologized for his negligence, indicating that respecting the elderly has become common sense in society, and writing congratulations is also very common among the people.

Shouci is limited by language and tone, and it is difficult to be innovative because it has to be written. The etymology of Zhang Yan? Miscellaneous notes:? Longevity is difficult, which is vulgar in terms of wealth; If you try your best, you will be embarrassed; If you talk about immortals, you are pedantic and empty. ? [5] Kuang Zhouyi also said:? Life-saving words are rare, especially easy to become popular. ? [6] It is inevitable that the custom of longevity words will be changed by Zhang Qian? Huh? Do kung fu in the world, and its words are like "South Tower Order"? Happy birthday ":

It's sunny and rainy in Chuqing, and it's clearer in autumn. The window is full of songs and the willows are full of love. A piece of incense hangs down, listening for a long time, reading the voice. When you are free, you roll up the yellow court, and your temples are green every year. Pei Lanfang is not wearing a dust tassel. Take the moon by the stream, for example. For Yutu, words last forever.

Beautiful language and elegant artistic conception have won the so-called elegance and emptiness. However, the novelty and elegance of language cannot conceal the vulgarity of longevity, wealth and fame.

The elegance of Liu Chenweng's birthday words mainly reflects the change of care. Especially after the death of Song Dynasty, Liu Chenweng's psychology changed greatly because of the broken mountains and rivers, and his ci style also changed into cold and miserable, which affected the salvation ci. Since then, salvation words often turn from joy to sadness, even full of sadness. For example, this song is also a golden song for the elderly? The old man in Zhu Shou is seventy-three years old;

73 years. Remember the villain, 445 times. Penglai sees shallow water, let alone trees. But MengMeng, yesterday is not today. A song worships the grass in front of you, caresses the bronze fairy, and clears your tears like lead water. I'll get drunk before the song breaks. The newcomer paints like an old man. I like Baqiao, Snow Singing Shoulders and Narcissus Di Mei. In the alley, there was a faint light flying over the ashes. Laughing with my little friends, there are still a few clothes left. I have never been silent in my life. (no. Xuan Mo) Every poem and sentence in my old age has become history. The word "sea" means "one god".

This word was written by Shen Jianian in the 21st year of Yuan Dynasty (1284). At this time, it has been eight years since Yuan soldiers attacked Lin 'an, and five years since Song Wu (Min jumped off a cliff and jumped into the sea). In the spring of 2007, Liu Chenweng and his son Liu Jiangsun went to Lin 'an to pay homage to their old capital. I wrote many poems when I was in Hangzhou. The courier is hard to get old until spring. ("Jiang? The feeling of the West Lake)? Tianya is crying, and listening to Wu Wu is not like being charming inside. Like a businessman's wife, crying alone, the night is lonely. ? ("Love embroidery? Play the flute in the palace. This trip to Lin 'an is more like Liu Chenweng's psychological farewell to the old Song Dynasty, because the hope of restoring the old country has been completely shattered, so he also sang in his birthday poem? A song cherishes the memory of the Luan grass in the previous dynasty, caresses the copper fairy, and clears tears like lead water. I was drunk before the song was interrupted, okay? The tragedy of national subjugation.

In the same year, Liu Chenweng also wrote a birthday poem "Frosted Corner? Shoukangshan:? Is spring coming? Do you like sheen too? ? The two problems are both at the beginning of the poem and in the poet's mind, completely ignoring the necessary festive atmosphere of the birthday poem. Xin, Ren and Ghost respectively refer to Xin Si, Ren Wu and Ghost for less than three years. Spring is a symbol of national subjugation in Liu Chenweng's ci, and the hope of national subjugation is fading year by year. At the same time, it should be said that there has been no spring in recent years, but Liu Chenweng's heart no longer has the relaxed and happy mood that spring should have. While celebrating his friend's birthday, he also expressed his helplessness and lament over the passage of time. But it's not appropriate for Liu Chenweng to celebrate his birthday like this. What he said was the truth of the subjugated literati and the words of the deceased's confidant. This longevity word is a free expression of self-emotion, which is unique among the longevity words of Song people.

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Most of Xu Xi's longevity poems were written by Shou Youpeng, with more than 70 poems, which can be regarded as a major landscape in Xu Xi's poems. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty's death, Liu Chenweng returned from seclusion, obviously posing as a adherent. The main contents of his life are writing books, making friends and singing. Liu Chenweng has a wide range of friends, and there are more than 80 famous surnames in his ci, which should refer to people with close relationships. In Xu Xi's birthday poems, it is common to sing with Huai Cheng, Xun Yu, Xuan Mo and others. His friends, Cheng, Peng Yuanxun, etc. are all hermits in Luling. They enjoy mountains and rivers, flowers and the moon together, and keenly feel the changes in the universe and life, but this is different from the romantic and elegant collections of poets in the past. They chanted with words.

For example, use the longevity words of Deng Guangjian, a famous anti-Yuan scholar, to sing. Look at this song "The Song of the Cave Fairy"? Keep Guanzhong ":

Once at sea, it's like melons, fruits and dates. Come back from the sea and grow old together. The painting hall is deep, the moon is full of breeze, the home mountain is good, and a smile gives birth to Peng Island. Six years of spring is easy to pass, winning the shade, holding cups and borrowing grass everywhere. Look at this day next year, people will be in Jintai, rectify early and do Kun things. However, counting the number of people in that year, there were more in the senior year of the Prime Minister, and how many people could be reached.

Deng Guangjian (1232 1303), also known as Shu, whose name is Zhongfu, was named Zhongzhai. Deng Guangjian rode up the mountain with him and died in the Song Dynasty (1279). He was thrown into the sea, but he didn't die and was caught. Going north with Wen Tianxiang, he once sang in Jinling, including East China Sea Collection. After that, Deng Guangjian was released and lived in Luling. Six years of spring is easy to pass, better than clear shade, holding cups and borrowing grass everywhere? According to the description, Deng Guangjian has lived in seclusion in his hometown for six years, when Deng and Liu were both 53 years old. Deng Yu is a fellow countryman, and he has been a scholar for three years (1262). Is this called? Qi nian? , Deng and early contacts, and Deng's "eulogy"? The strangeness between heaven and earth is hard to see. Forty-five years of love is like brothers. The language of [7] shows that the two have a profound friendship. There are as many as 17 poems written by Deng Guangjian in Xu Xi Ci, which can be examined from the ninth year of Song Xianchun (1273) to the thirty-first year of Yuan Dynasty (1294), mostly reflecting his seclusion and making friends in his later years, or meeting with mountain temples for tea or singing. Of course, these words are also indispensable expressions? On the golden platform, have you rectified and done Kun's work? Does this pride still smell after national subjugation? Count how many people were saved that year. Loneliness and bitterness.

The relationship between Liu Chenweng and Zhou Tianqi is also very unusual. Yu zhang (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) was born in Zhou Tianji, whose name was Xuan. He became a child prodigy at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty and became famous for a while. Later, he served as the magistrate of Jizhou. In the second year of Deyou (1276), Enemy at the Gates, the Yuan Army, surrendered without fighting and was appointed as the general manager of Jizhou Road by the Yuan Dynasty. Zhou Tianji was a local official who relegated the Yuan Dynasty, while Liu Chenweng, who claimed to be a adherent, published four poems, which made people think deeply.

I have a deep friendship with Zhou Tianqi's father Zhou. Zhou,no. Xiyuan, was an official in the Song Dynasty. When he learned of the military affairs in Ruizhou, the Yuan army arrived, and he disagreed with Shuai and went illegally. Wu Song took his son Zhou Tianqi to Jizhou. Liu Chenweng and Zhou Ying wrote three poems about longevity, all of which were included in Water Turn around. What's the title of one of them? Live in Xie Hexi Garden? , the beginning of the word:? Master, please accept me and call me an ancient disciple? , two mentoring, who is this teacher? Teach me how to ride the moon, teach me how to ride, teach me how to ride. Teacher, so there is a cloud at the end of the word? From now on, there are more red pine lakes in Xu Xi. , Liu Chenweng from the note cloud:? The former residence of the servant must be the mountain of the sun, called the mountain of Xi, that is, the public nest, so the cloud. Dongyang Collection includes Songchi Lake, Yunchi pine nuts and An Qisheng who preached in the lake. ? It shows that Zhou often went to Luling for monasticism, and (historical papers) they claimed to be immortals. In another song called. Shouzhou Creek Garden is orderly? In the preface, it is mentioned that Zhou once said to him: Like my son? , ? So someone named themselves Xiao nai? . Zhou Tianji and Liu Chenweng were born in the same year. Zhou Tianji was named Da Nai, and Liu called himself Xiao Nai. It can be seen that due to the relationship with He, the communication between the two is brotherly.

Liu Chenweng, a adherent of the Song Dynasty, has a strong national consciousness and has been self-sufficient since he joined the Yuan Dynasty. However, he was tolerant of Song scholar-officials who entered the DPRK as officials. Still the song "Water Tune"? Shouzhou Creek Garden is orderly, claiming to be in order? Nai? After that, there is another sentence? Laughing at Gong Bei as a brother? , Liu Chenweng from the note:? Gong Bei's son is called Siemens: My brother is good-looking, and so is my brother. And the nobility, father and son, father and son's reputation, love and hate, father and son also? , code out "Liezi? Sixth, I tell you that although I am called a brother, I am determined to settle down and stick to virtue. In addition to singing with Zhou Tianji, his word "Mink Head? "In the Mid-Autumn Festival with Ma, Ma was named Taoist with a warm name and a prosperous word. ? Let the original Luzhou Road rule together, and then move to Zhongshu? [8]. "The word golden melody? Send five peaks in Jiujiang, according to Mr. Wu Qiming's Addendum to Xu Xi's Ci. Wufeng, Yangong Nanzi national material,No. Zhiting,No. and. Five peaks. Li Shi Ganzhou Tongzhi, Jizhou Road Manager, Jianghuai Hangzhong participated in politics, Henan Hangsheng Youcheng? [9]. Deng Shan also has "Magnolia Slow? Shouzhou chose Yin Fu to fish? Shouzhou was declared prefect, and at the age of 20, he was an uprising warehouse. It can be seen that the adherents of the early Yuan Dynasty and the officials who entered the DPRK did not regard each other as fire and water, but both sides respected each other's choice and manipulation in their hearts.

Of course, there is also a premise in this regard. Poetry singing is the recognition of the culture of officials who entered the Yuan Dynasty, and it is the recognition of their continuation of Neo-Confucianism and Taoism in the new regime. Therefore, Chinese people often take? People? Examining yuan officials from a new perspective. Liu Chenweng in the Golden Melody? Zhou Tianji was called on the birthday of Zhou Naixuan, the postman. I have a high standard in my heart, and this spirit is more open to the government. ? Fan Zhongyan and Bao Zheng, also known as their achievements: The new regulations are enough, and the old people are miserable. ? This cultural identity of adherents can even be extended to the rulers of Yuan Dynasty, such as Liu Chenweng's attitude towards Mang Hardy. In the twenty-seventh year of Yuan Dynasty (1292), the Prime Minister Mang came to administer Luling in autumn and September, and died in October, every forty days. In twenty-nine years, Luling people planted a monument to commemorate Mang, and asked for an inscription. Liu Chenweng is 6 1 year old. In Volume 7 of Xu Xiji, there is an inscription by Prime Minister Mangmeitang: he cheng scholar-officials are all hanging. ? It can be seen that in the minds of adherents, the national hatred for the Yuan people has been replaced by concern for the people.

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In addition, it is worth noting that Liu Chenweng's self-longevity words. Liu Chenweng was born in Shaoding, Song Lizong on December 24th of the lunar calendar. What is the "hundred-character order" in his words? Small and small? In a word, it speaks for itself: Servants were born at least five years. . "Magpie fairy? And:? The breeze and the bright moon, the road goes year after year. Who knows how to spend the beginning of the year? Language? Off-year is the 24th of the twelfth lunar month. First time crossing? The word "Li Sao" means birthday. There are not many poems about Liu Chenweng's birthday, only three in a strict sense. In addition, the word 15 was sung with friends on their first birthday. The difference between these two types of words is obvious. The former is written for myself. What about feelings? Self? In a state of introspection, thoughts are often more calm and intuitive, such as this song "fishing?" "Sims has lived for fifty years.

Yes, it's true. I am so stupid that I regret today and yesterday. Crazy songs have recently neglected drinking and turned into thin autumn mountains. I didn't feel it. Your son's favorite pupil, with a high degree before and a weak one after. Feelings are evil. I lamented that relatives and friends were reluctant to leave when they reached middle age, and the situation recovered for a long time. Some immortals are difficult to learn. Talk about life and play again. A hundred and a half years of dreams follow the running water, half in the south branch and north calyx. My life is thin. But in the lonely dusk, sometimes listen to the corner of the tower. There is nothing to worry about. Get drunk tomorrow, forget it yesterday.

Fifty years old is the limit of life entering old age. At this time, people's mentality will change, and Liu Chenweng's 50-year-old has special circumstances. Liu was 48 years old when he died in the Song Dynasty. In, Liu Chenweng went to Duchang to bury his mentor Jiang Wanli, and the following year he visited his adopted son Gao Jiang. Later, he went to Duchang to rename Shishan Temple in Jiang Wanli as Guisi, and wrote "Guisi Ji". Come back, Mr. Gu Xin Shishan Temple also. Who is the songwriter? Song Yu Ye, a gentleman. Written in Chen Geng1February? Mourn. Burying Teacher Jiang Wanli can be said to be Liu Chenweng's last wish. It has been eighteen years since he left Duchang, that is, at the beginning of the new temple, Liu Chenweng stopped by to visit relatives and friends outside, and swam back to Luling in early August, as well as his book, "There is no night in the mountains and rivers". Xinsi went to Huangzhou on the evening of August 9th. ? I feel more relaxed when I come back. Since then, Liu Chenweng has lived in seclusion in his hometown, interacting with Buddhists and Taoists, as the biography of Song Shiyi and Liu Chenweng said. Deal with the traces and return to China? [ 10]

On his birthday in the dead of winter, Liu Chenweng wrote? Right? Is this what I did this year? , as if doing a summary of fifty years of life, more stupid and regret today and yesterday? , a sigh full of how much sadness. Is it now? Akiyama is thin? , now is it? Tall and weak? What's more, relatives and friends are breaking mountains and rivers? Parting? 、? Scattered? . ? Dreams follow the water? ,? There's nothing to worry about. What a life this is! What can he do in the face of uncertain personal fate? ? And before you get drunk, don't ask in Ming Dynasty. Yesterday has been forgotten? Forget the past and don't think about the future, there will be no pain. A few days after this word was written, on New Year's Eve, Liu Chenweng wrote the lyrics "Promote ugly slaves?" Xin Si's New Year's Eve also includes: Don't remember last year's dream, Jiangdong embrace? (4) 302, but also forget the dream of rejuvenation. In fact, it is the person who is immersed in bitterness and wants to say goodbye? Liu Chenweng? So, there's another sentence in the word? A hundred years of painstaking efforts, multiplication and division? It seems that he got rid of it the day before yesterday? Right? Tangle, start over? Outside the party? Life is over.

On his fiftieth birthday, Deng Guangjian also wrote "Good Things Near? Liu Shou Shi Weng "to celebrate his birthday (in? How many days does it take in a hundred years? Written on Liu's 50th birthday, Deng Zaishou said in the last sentence:? You must believe that Wan Jian in the south will win thousands of families? Compare Liu Chenweng and Lu You. Liu Chenweng used the original song "Good things are coming? In lent, cherish my thoughts and give me a long life. I can't stand the cold brother. More about the last sentence, this matter has not been handed in. ? Because Lu You was in Jiannan, he was invited by Wang Yanzhi to take charge of military affairs and was at the front. Facing the rustling border, Jin Ge can write many impassioned poems. At this time, Liu Chenweng is already? I didn't feel it. Your son's favorite pupil, with a weak academic background? Faced with the collapse of the old country, he had to send away the spring and summon the soul, so he said? Was it the place where your poems were successful when you met a snowstorm on the small bridge? It shows that he has no passion for writing poetry. In that song "promoting ugly slaves?" He also said in the New Fourth Happy New Year's Eve dinner: Can you send a poem to the New Year? It can be seen that Liu Chenweng has faced the reality objectively and calmly, and it is absolutely impossible to restore the Song Dynasty. But for Confucian scholars like Liu Chenweng, grief is greater than death.

References:

[1] Shen Yi Fu: The Confusion of Yuefu, annotated by Cai Songyun, People's Literature Publishing House, 198 1 Edition, p. 78.

[2] Kuang's Book of Changes: Hui Feng Hua Ci, Volume II, edited by Tang Guizhang: Hua Ci Cong Bian, Zhonghua Book Company 1986. Page 446 1.

[3] Miao Yue: "On Liu Chenweng's Ci", "Journal of Sichuan University", No.3, 1985, p.66.

[4] Huang Zongxi: "Song and Yuan Learning Cases" Volume 88, Zhonghua Book Company 1986 Edition.

[5] Zhang Yan: "Etymology", edited by Tang Guizhang: Anthrax Series, Zhonghua Book Company 1986 Edition.

[6] Shen Yi floating: "Yuefu refers to the fans", translated by Cai Songyun, People's Literature Publishing House, 198 1 Edition, p. 78.

[7] Zhou Nanrui: "The First Collection of the World's Identical Records" Volume 36.

[8] Yu Ji: "The Tomb of Ma Gong, the Minister of Household Affairs", "Ancient Records of Taoist Gardens" Volume XV.

[9] Liu Chenweng: "Xu Xiji" Volume VII, Wu Qiming proofreading, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1998 edition.

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[10] Lu Xinyuan: Biography of Liu Chenweng, Song Shiyi Volume 35, Biography 35, Zhonghua Book Company 199 1 Edition, p. 55.