Watching students study all day, but why is the effect not good? This is a long-standing problem in learning, and it is also the most puzzling problem for parents, teachers and students. The key to solve this problem is to use the law of efficiency-to use time efficiently and improve learning efficiency.
Voltaire's works mentioned a riddle: "There is one thing in the world, which is the longest and shortest, the fastest and the slowest, the least valued but the most regrettable;" Without it, nothing can be done. Such a thing can make you small, and it can also make you great and endless. "
Have you ever wondered what the only thing like this is? Yes, it's time.
Learning is carried out in time. There is no doubt that whoever has more time will gain more knowledge. For a long time, people have been exploring how to control time to enhance their ability to use time. Mastering some methods of efficient use of time, such as optimizing order, best arrangement, eliminating interference, etc., can make your effective study time many times more than others.
Introduction to the legal points of efficiency;
Be good at using time
In learning, we should not only cherish time, but also learn to plan time, so as to get the maximum learning effect in the shortest time.
Rational distribution of energy resources
In learning, we must prioritize and allocate energy reasonably, so as to keep a clear head in heavy learning and help ourselves achieve the highest learning efficiency with limited energy.
Learn to eliminate interference
In learning, some interference from the outside world and yourself will affect your learning efficiency. You must learn to eliminate and isolate these negative factors in your study and minimize their negative effects.
How can we improve learning efficiency? We should start from the following five aspects:
First of all, you should be selective in your study. People who really know how to use their time will not cram everything into their minds.
In Athens, there is a temple of Dahl, and the stone tablet on the porch of the temple gate is engraved with a warning: "Know yourself". This is the slogan put forward by Socrates, a great thinker more than two thousand years ago. This sentence means that it is the most difficult to know yourself, and a person's contribution to society is often directly proportional to the breadth, depth and accuracy of his understanding of himself. This famous saying inspired the growth of generations of famous scholars in history.
More than two thousand years later, 19 century, an equally great thinker and famous Danish philosopher Suellen? Kierkegaard put forward another slogan "Choose yourself". It not only means knowing yourself and the world in theory, but also means choosing yourself, life and the world accurately in action. It is also difficult to do this. It can be said that this slogan has opened a brand-new era for us. Only by knowing yourself and the world accurately can we choose ourselves accurately. Understanding is the foundation, and choice is development.
It can be said that a person's life is made up of big and small choices, from the choice of will and character to the choice of strength; As big as the choice at the crossroads of life. The difficulty of life lies in having to face big and small choices again and again, and suffering from mental troubles and emotional turmoil again and again. In learning, it is no exception.
Sherlock Holmes is a world-class detective written by British writer Conan Doyle and a man full of wisdom.
As soon as the image of Sherlock Holmes was born, it became the object of imitation and worship by many people. Even when Einstein was writing the book Evolution of Physics, he could not help but take him as the beginning of the book, taking Sherlock Holmes' exploration process as an example to explore the general methods for scientists to discover natural mysteries.
So, why on earth can Sherlock Holmes win by surprise in all kinds of complicated mysteries? In 1887, Conan Doyle introduced the image of Sherlock Holmes for the first time in A Study of Blood Characters, and made a brief list of Sherlock Holmes knowledge for people:
Sherlock? The scope of Holmes' knowledge:
(1) literary knowledge-none. (2) Philosophical knowledge-none. (3) knowledge of astronomy-none. (4) knowledge of political science-shallow. (5) Knowledge of botany-incomplete, but very familiar with alfalfa preparation and opium. (6) Geological knowledge-practical, but limited. But he can tell different soils at a glance. When he came back from a walk, according to the color and firmness of the mud splashed on his trousers, he could tell where it splashed in London. (7) chemical knowledge-profound. (8) Anatomical knowledge-accurate, but not systematic. (9) thrilling events-very extensive, he seems to know all the details of all the terrorist events that happened in the past century. (10) plays the violin very well. (1 1) Be good at using sticks and fighting. (12) He has sufficient practical knowledge of English law.
From this brief table, we can find that Holmes' knowledge has its specific structure, and the knowledge structure of any successful person can serve his success well. There is no end to knowledge, but there must be a relative end to learning. What you have learned is enough to achieve your goal, and you can always supplement it when it is not enough. If studying is useless to your goal, there is no need to spend time studying.
Holmes' knowledge of astronomy is close to zero. He has a wonderful theory about this: "It is said that we walk around the sun, but even if we walk around the moon every day, what does it matter to me or my work?"
Regarding the choice of knowledge, Holmes warned us: "The human brain is like an empty attic, so we should put some furniture in it selectively. Only a fool will put all kinds of rubbish he meets. The consequence of this is that what is useful to him is squeezed out, or at most, mixed with many other things. When you want to use it, you will feel difficult. "
For students, it is easier to succeed if they can accurately choose a certain part and a certain field as their learning direction in endless knowledge.
Since choosing the direction of study is so important, how should a student choose?
Generally speaking, there are two ways to choose a learning direction, one is that others point out the direction for themselves, the other is that they point out the direction for themselves. In any case, two factors should be considered:
(1) External factors. For example, does it meet the needs of society? Is it particularly urgent? What is the development trend of this subject? From 65438 to 0937, Prague, the director of the famous Cavendish laboratory in Britain, made an important decision-to give up the theoretical physics that the laboratory has achieved for a long time and study two topics: radio exploration in space and hemoglobin. This decision was opposed by everyone. But Prague made a decision to make Cavendish laboratory the birthplace of radio astronomy and molecular biology, and also trained a group of outstanding scientists, many of whom won the Nobel Prize. This example shows how important it is to understand the development trend of the discipline and choose the direction in time.
(2) Internal factors. It includes personality, interest, intelligence, ability and so on. There is a theory in genetics that the average intelligence of normal people is usually determined by a pair of major genes, and there are five pairs of micro-modified genes, which determine people's special talents and play a role in reducing or improving intelligence. Generally, one or two of these five pairs of minor genes are good. Therefore, normal people always have good talents and qualities in some aspects and have their own advantages.
A thinker once said: "The original difference between porters and philosophers is much smaller than that between domestic dogs and hounds. The gap between them is caused by their original learning direction."
Suppose a person's knowledge is zero, what is the percentage of his effective knowledge? The knowledge he actually needs is his effective knowledge. In reality, people's knowledge is always greater than their actual needs, and most people's effective knowledge is about 10% of their total knowledge. What a pity! If they can spend their time in the right direction to learn what they don't really need, then no one can measure his achievements.
Only by choosing the direction of learning according to your actual needs and making the learned knowledge useful can learning be efficient.
Efficient prompt
The time of study is limited, but the content of study is infinite, so learn to choose, grasp the key points, and don't use your strength equally.
The so-called focus, first, refers to the weak subjects in their own study, and second, refers to the key contents in various disciplines. After the key points are determined, if necessary, the key contents can be subdivided into several topics according to their own system. While taking into account other subjects, we should concentrate on one subject in our spare time of one month or several weeks. After solving one topic, we should concentrate on the second topic and the third topic for a period of time ... This learning method of divide-and-conquer and concentrate on fighting annihilation is an effective way to bridge the gap or improve.
Second: seize the moment and don't delay.
Those who are used to putting everything off until tomorrow will never have tomorrow.
A seagoing ship ran into the rocks on the way, and its hull was flooded. Some passengers hurried to look for lifebuoys, some people looked for their luggage, but more people complained: some people blamed the captain for his poor driving skills; Some scold the shipyard, saying that it produces fake and inferior products. At this time, a passenger shouted: "Our fate is not in our mouth, but in our hands. Block the loophole! " After everyone's efforts, the leak was blocked and the ship sailed safely to the other side.
After reading this story, many students may appreciate the passenger who called for plugging the loophole. After all, complaining is better than doing, and talking is better than doing. Words alone are useless. Only by taking action can we solve the problem. So, can you do it?
An American always wanted to travel in China, so he made a travel plan. He spent several months reading the collected materials-China's art, history, philosophy and culture. He studied the maps of various provinces in China, booked plane tickets and made a detailed timetable. He marked every place to visit and decided where to go every hour. A friend knew that he was looking forward to the trip. He predicted that one day after returning to China, he would visit his home and ask him, "How is China?" The man replied:
"I guess China was good, but I didn't go." His friend was puzzled: "What! You spent so much time preparing and didn't go. What's the matter? " He replied, "I like making travel plans, but I don't want to go to the airport, so I stay at home."
It can be seen that no matter how beautiful your dream is and how well planned, if you don't take any action, your dream can only be a daydream.
A man asked the Zen master, "I want to learn Zen and understand the true meaning of life." Where should I start? "
"From here." The Zen master said as he drew a line on the ground with a wooden stick.
The man was puzzled and asked, "What is this place?"
The Zen master was bludgeoned and said, "This is the man, here and now!" "
What exactly does Zen master mean?
Zen master means that no matter what you want to learn, you should act at once.
Many students have the habit of putting off today's work until tomorrow, and they should try their best to find reasons to comfort themselves. But you know what? If you want to have time, you must seize every minute and don't let every day go by. Those who yearn for tomorrow, wait for tomorrow, and give up today are equal to losing tomorrow, and the result is still nothing. The secret of grasping today is "what can be done today".
Great men at all times and all over the world, without exception, failed to grasp the fleeting "present", based on "today" and planned "today".
Seize the day, seize the day and keep making progress. This is the time-consuming spirit of extraordinary successful people and their success! Every middle school student should remember the words of the great playwright Shakespeare: Time gives wisdom to the diligent and regrets to the lazy.
He who gives up time, time will give up him. No misfortune can compare with losing time. We middle school students should avoid this misfortune.
In the eyes of teachers and parents, Yang Li is definitely an obedient boy with excellent academic performance. Originally, he was a student who loved to talk and laugh, but recently he was always frowning and full of worries. He always said something that discouraged him, such as "Oh, I'm useless" and "I'm exhausted. I really don't want to study. I'm so bored!"
Teacher Lin, the head teacher, also found this problem, so he called Yang Li to the office and asked him carefully.
Yang Li looks distressed. He said: "I have always loved learning. I have my own ideals and goals. At the beginning of this semester, I made a detailed plan, including what I want to achieve in each class and what position I want to win in the class. In order to achieve this, there are clear rules about when to do something every day. And I also set goals independently by subject, one course and one form. But what annoys me is that this plan has only been implemented for a week. The second week can't be executed. Sometimes I forget what I should do at this time and don't want to do the following things at all; Sometimes I feel very tired and don't want to do anything, so I say to myself, I will do it tomorrow, and I didn't do it the next day ... What should I do? "
Teacher Lin nodded and said, "Don't worry, the teacher will help you analyze."
Yang Li's plan was made, but something went wrong within a week: I played basketball for half a day today, so I was very tired, so I had a rest and studied tomorrow night; Tomorrow night, there will be a football match. Forget it, let's do it tomorrow night ... I don't know how many "tomorrow nights" have passed, but the plan has never been implemented.
Each of our classmates may have one or several ideas hidden in their minds that should have been put into action long ago. Your idea may be to write an article, or get up early to exercise, or improve your grades by 10. Everyone always wants to pursue perfection and has the hope of constantly improving themselves, but there are also many students like Yang Li.
Let's see what's wrong with Yang Li's plan:
-The plan is perfect. Isn't it great to have a perfect plan? Yes, if your plan is too perfect and the content and time are specified in detail, then there will be a link problem and all actions will not be realized. Therefore, when making a plan, we must leave room and have time to maneuver.
Another reason why the plan cannot be implemented is that the plan is not combined with the actual situation. Did not consider their own abilities, did not consider the requirements of the environment. This problem also exists in Yang Li's plan. He set his goal too high, regardless of the time and arrangement of classes every day.
In addition to the above two points are objective reasons, more important are some subjective problems. These subjective questions are:
-Laziness craves comfort. They don't care whether an idea can be realized. As long as they enjoy this life, they will sigh that they are "young and hardworking" until they are "sad when they are old".
-indecision, slow action, procrastination. They always say, "Wait a minute, I'll start when I'm ready." However, preparation and preparation are never ready. You may delay, but time will not. If you miss the chance, you will never succeed.
-Weak-willed people are always disturbed by fun and give up their established goals for temporary happiness. They often regret their procrastination, but they can't restrain themselves in time and finally accomplish nothing.
-Comfort yourself and make excuses: "This method is good, but it is not suitable for me." "I have vowed to get up early many times, but I just can't. It seems that my nature is not suitable for getting up early. " "I am sleepy as soon as I read a book. I've tried many times. It's like I'm different from others. Not suitable for reading at night. " These reasons seem reasonable, but they are all self-deception.
In fact, the solution to a problem like Yang Li is simple: take action, from now on. Any excuse is unnecessary and a sign of insincerity. The key to success lies in taking immediate action.
The ancient poem "Song of Tomorrow" wrote: "Tomorrow follows tomorrow, and tomorrow is more than that. I will wait for tomorrow, and everything will be wasted. "
Yes, if everything is put off until tomorrow, it will never be completed, and it will only be nothing and life-long in the end.
Efficient prompt
You should make up your mind to tell yourself that today is a good day for action, and today's actions will shape your future. If you want to act in time, you may wish to start from the following points:
Put aside past troubles. No matter how much time you lose and how many times you fail, you must forget it completely, and there is only one thought in your heart, and that is "from now on". The past will never come again. Don't let them interfere with your present.
Eliminate all obstacles to action. If you decide to act tonight, don't worry about whether there is a power outage, whether there are other attractions, whether you have a good rest at noon and so on. These reasons tonight will also appear tomorrow. If you want to act immediately, you must destroy them.
Third: Be good at using your spare time.
Time is often not wasted hour by hour, but slips away minute by minute.
With the progress of society, people's consciousness and control of time are gradually strengthened. Modern people's units of measuring time are gradually accurate from hours, minutes and seconds to milliseconds, microseconds, nanoseconds and picoseconds.
Nelson, a famous admiral, once said a sentence that stunned lazy people all over the world: "My achievement is attributed to one thing: I have never wasted a minute in my life."
The militarist Suvogev once said: "One minute decides a battle. I don't act in hours, but in minutes. "
Rybakov once said, "People who count time in minutes spend 59 times more time than those who count time in minutes."
Franklin famously said, "Time is the material of life." Whoever understands the importance of life can truly understand the value of time. Our most precious life is only a few decades, and life is accumulated in minutes. If you don't make good use of every minute, time will never come back.
"I'm afraid many a mickle makes a mickle." This old proverb says the same thing. Anyone who has achieved something in his career can often read such a sentence in his biography: "Use every minute to learn."
On the sports field, who is the creator of the record is determined by the time difference of one tenth or one hundredth of a second. In navigation, the error of 1 second of a sailor using sextant will make his observation differ by 1/4 miles. Satellites fly 1 1.2 kilometers per second, and electronic computers can run millions, millions and billions of times per second. High-energy physics experiments require high-energy detectors to accurately record the trajectories of high-energy charged particles within one thousandth of a millisecond. In a word, it is not enough for modern science to race against time.
The more carefully you calculate the time, the more perfect you will be. If you can divide your study into units and make full use of your seemingly insignificant spare time, you will gain something in your study.
Throughout the ages, all accomplished scholars are good at using their spare time. Dong Yu, a scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, lost his parents when he was a child, but he studied tirelessly and used all available time. He once said, "I study in three languages." "more than three", that is, "winter is over, night is over, and rainy days are over." In other words, when he can't go out to work in winter leisure, he uses it to study at night and in rainy days, so that over time, he will eventually achieve something.
Many students often think that those scattered hours are useless. In fact, these few hours seem to be few, but a few minutes will be a few seconds, which seems insignificant, but there are many things to do together. Let's take a look at the experience of Zhang Wenjing, who was admitted to the School of Journalism and Communication of Peking University with high scores:
"Memorize scattered knowledge in scattered time" is not what I said, but what I learned and I will share it with you.
Scattered knowledge mainly includes English words and grammar, basic knowledge of Chinese pronunciation, words, punctuation marks, idioms and so on. Large chunks of reading time can be used to read articles and memorize systematic knowledge such as politics, history and geography, but it is best to write those bits and pieces of knowledge on small pieces of paper, carry them with you and remember them with scattered time.
In fact, in your daily life, there are many sporadic and fragmented times, such as waiting for a bus at the station for three to five minutes, waiting for a bus at the hospital for half an hour and so on. If you cherish these bits and pieces of time and make reasonable arrangements in your own study, every little makes a mickle, it will become an amazing number.
Efficient prompt
In your spare time, you can do the following things:
Deal with chores in study. Use sporadic time to sharpen pencils, tidy up utensils and tidy up the learning environment, and use these time to arrange schoolbags, textbooks, notebooks and clean stationery in an orderly way according to the next day's class.
Read short stories or newspapers. A short sporadic time is suitable for reading some short articles or newspapers that interest you, which can help you broaden your knowledge.
Memorizing poems, names, years, loanwords. Due to the different content and nature of learning, the usage of hourly time and sporadic time is also different. A systematic and difficult subject needs the whole time, and some contents, such as reciting poems, names, years, foreign words, etc., need to make more use of sporadic time.
Discuss and ask the teacher. It is also a good way to save time by discussing the accumulated problems with classmates and asking the professor for advice.
Organize data. Learning is always inseparable from materials, such as books, newspaper clippings, periodicals, scientific reports, learning extract cards and so on. People who are good at learning are diligent in accumulating information, while those who are not diligent in processing and sorting out information are not good at learning. Originally, data accumulation and processing are two independent stages, but it is better to carry out these two stages alternately, which can reduce the workload. It is most appropriate to sort out the data in sporadic time.
Fourth: control time needs careful planning.
Just as Gai Lou needs drawings, it needs deployment in a war. There should also be a set of practical plans to control the study time.
Russian writer Lev? Tolstoy was ambitious when he was young. /kloc-After leaving the university at the age of 0/9, he decided to master all foreign languages, literature, history and philosophy through self-study.
How can I realize my ideal? He made a study plan for this: morning and evening plan.
The early plan is to do "memory gymnastics" for a certain time every morning, and strictly ask yourself to recite some words or other valuable things. After long-term training, Tolstoy enhanced his memory ability, mastered a lot of knowledge, and learned many languages such as French, English, German, Latin and Greek.
The plan for the evening is to write a diary every night before going to bed to end the day. His diary is not a running account, but an observation of life. In order to keep a diary, he set himself several tasks:
First, check the implementation of the study plan.
Second, sort out the feelings gained from life in one day.
Third, record the actions, thoughts and emotions of the people you come into contact with, and know what kind of laws they follow.
Tolstoy's diary is a tool for him to spur himself to think about life problems and accumulate creative materials. Tolstoy's early short story Yesterday was born out of his diary.
Just as Gai Lou needs drawings, it needs deployment in a war. To control the study time, we must also have a set of practical plans, and we need to allocate the study tasks to every month, week and day.
Many students always like to say something like this when making study plans: "In a blink of an eye, the new semester is here again. In this semester, I am determined to: first, listen carefully in class; Second, insist on reviewing after class; ..... "This is a resolution. These words are true, but they are empty. If you want to really organize your study effectively, then the plan you make for yourself should be practical.
Zeng Qiqi of Yichun City, Jiangxi Province was admitted to Peking University with the third place in the college entrance examination, and the practice study plan played a very important role. Here are some of her experiences:
The planned time span cannot be too long. It is advisable to plan once a week (or half a month). Because if the span is too long, it is difficult to be "concrete".
There are two clues when making a plan. One is time. First of all, list the free time after school this week, divide it into several time periods every day, write down what to learn in each time period, and learn the lessons that you feel weak in a long time period. There are also some tricks that can be used. For example, I start to feel sleepy after 9: 30 every night, so during the period from 9: 30 to sleep, I usually arrange to review math (because math problems can stimulate my brain) and never recite history or politics. Another clue to making a plan is courses, that is, list the contents that need to be studied in each course and allocate them to the corresponding time period.
Put the plan in a conspicuous place, strictly implement it, and mark a sign you like every day after completion to increase your sense of accomplishment. For example, I once made up a self-satisfied seven-character quatrain and marked it on the floor plan. I marked a word every day and finished it in four weeks.
Students should also pay attention to combining long-term planning with short-term arrangement when arranging time. A long plan can be a plan every semester or every month, while a short plan is a plan every week, every day or even every hour. When you get to high school, you will immediately feel nervous, but in the face of so many things to do, you may have a feeling that "the tiger eats the sky, but its claws can't get off." I don't know whether to read Chinese or math first. So it is particularly important to combine long-term planning with short-term arrangements at this time.
According to Li Yuanyuan, who was admitted to Guanghua School of Management of Peking University with excellent results, learning should not be blind, but organized. Only by combining long-term, short-term and temporary plans can we truly achieve "there are hills in the chest and valleys in the valley". She said:
Make a list of things to do this month in advance, then divide it into four weeks, stipulate what to do every week, and then allocate it to every day and every hour. Of course, some students may find it too complicated and waste a lot of time writing plans every day. In fact, I think the monthly plan and the weekly plan should be written. As for the daily plan, don't write it, just know it. For example, when you have lunch, you can think about the arrangement of self-study classes in the afternoon; On the way home from school, you can think about your study plan at night, so that the combination of point and surface, big plan and small plan complement each other, can greatly improve your study efficiency.
At the same time, in the process of implementing the study plan, we should strictly follow the established goals and steps to ensure the realization of the plan. At the same time, it is necessary to adjust the plan in time according to the situation that affects the completion of the plan in the process of implementation, so as to better implement and achieve the established goals of the plan.
Therefore, in order to ensure the better implementation of the study plan, we must pay attention to the following issues:
1. Correctly handle the relationship between "first line" and "second line"
The "first line" in the plan mainly refers to those routine learning activities, such as preview, listening, review and homework. The purpose is to complete the learning task assigned by the teacher and digest the knowledge learned. The "second line" in the plan refers to the learning activities arranged by oneself, with the purpose of improving further study, such as participating in extracurricular study groups.
The first line is the basis of the second line. Grasping the "first line" will free up more time to grasp the "second line". If the "second-line" task is completed well, one's learning advantages or specialties can be further developed, and the freedom of learning will gradually increase, which may lead to the situation of active learning. This is what a high-level plan should have.
2. Check and modify the plan in time.
Life and study should form a law, but it is impossible to go round and round like mechanical movement. When the plan is implemented to a certain stage, it is necessary to check the learning effect and adjust the inappropriate places in the original plan.
Only through inspection can problems be found, which need to be revised and which need to be supplemented, and the original plan can be scientifically and reasonably adjusted. A new study plan that is more suitable for you will make your future study twice the result with half the effort!
Therefore, I suggest that students should check the effect after each plan is implemented to the end or after a stage. If the effect is not good, we must find the reason and make necessary adjustments. The content of the inspection is: Is it basically done as planned? Has the planned task been completed? How is the learning effect? What is the reason for not completing the plan? Where is the arrangement too tight? Which links are easy to arrange? Wait a minute. After passing the inspection, modify the plan and change the unscientific and unreasonable places.