19 13 in the summer, the course of theoretical physics (soon changed to physics) began to recruit undergraduates, which was the earliest physics undergraduate course in China and the beginning of the physics department in Peking University. The first batch of students Ding and Feng Yu graduated from 19 16, becoming the earliest undergraduate physics graduates in China.
19 17 under the auspices of Professor Xia Yuanli, a senior science student who studied at Yale University and Berlin University at that time, after several years of hard work, a relatively complete curriculum system was established, including two-year preparatory courses and four-year undergraduate courses.
19 17 President Cai Yuanpei organized a meeting of professors from various subjects after he arrived at the school. The conference of physics professors was established in 19 18 1, and He Yujie was elected as the director, equivalent to the later department head. 19 19, Peking university further abolished the names of literature, science and law, and began to set up departmental administrative units, and the physics department was changed to the physics department, so the name of the physics department of Peking university came into being.
19181kloc-0/0. In October, students from the physics and mathematics departments of Peking University jointly established the Mathematics Society of Peking University. Cai Yuanpei said in his speech: Mathematical science has the earliest development and the widest application. Some people talk about music with mathematics, while others talk about sociologists with physics, so physics called mathematics is the basis of all sciences. The first batch of members of the Society reached more than 40 people, and scholars at home and abroad were often invited to give academic lectures, and academic exchanges were held with the Mathematical Physics Societies of universities at home and abroad.
19 19 1, Peking University Journal of Mathematics and Physics is published by Mathematical Society. This is an early university natural science journal in China, and it is quite distinctive in spreading new knowledge. Einstein's special theory of relativity and general theory of relativity were published in 1905 and 19 15, respectively, and the magazine introduced them shortly. At that time, warlords were fighting, and students persisted in running magazines for two years under the condition of very poor life, which was really commendable.
From 65438 to 0925, with the efforts of Ding Xilin and Li Shuhua, 62 preparatory experiments, 69 undergraduate experiments and two-year specialized physics experiments were carried out, and the teaching laboratory began to take shape.
1930 Peking university decided to set up a research department. The first batch of graduate students in the Department of Physics of Peking University were Ma Shijun, Guo Yonghuai, Li Zhuo and Zhao Songhe, who were admitted to 1935. By 1937, postgraduate courses have been systematically offered. 1937, the Japanese invaders invaded China, and North China fell. Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University moved to Changsha to jointly establish Changsha Temporary University. 1938 moved to Kunming and changed its name to National Southwest United University.
After the merger of National Southwest Associated University, the teaching staff became stronger. Rao Yutai, Ye, Wu and others who have made outstanding contributions to China's physics cause. Professors with profound academic attainments: Zhou Peiyuan, Wu Dayou, Zhao Zhongyao, Zhu Wuhua; There are also young professors Meng, Yu, Fan Xuyun, Wang Zhuxi and so on who returned to China before and after the Anti-Japanese War. Among them, Rao Yutai, Ye, Wu, Yu were elected as academicians of China Academy of Sciences on 1948, and 1 1 was successively elected as academicians of China Academy of Sciences. It's really a collection of stars.
Due to the hasty inward migration, all instruments and equipment were lost. Professors from the Physics Department of National Southwest Associated University raised funds from various sources, purchased necessary instruments from home and abroad, and transported them to Kunming via Vietnam's coastal defense and Yunnan-Vietnam railway, thus ensuring the opening of experimental courses. Because the Department of Physics of National The National SouthWest Associated University almost concentrated the elites of Chinese physics at that time, its curriculum and teaching reached an unprecedented height. The physics professors of the first three schools promoted each other and made positive progress, leading young teachers and students into the frontier field of academic research and laying a solid foundation for further research. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the National Southwest Associated University came to an end on 1946, Peking University moved back to Beiping, and the physics department resumed and entered a recovery period.
Teachers collect musical instruments, compile handouts and print handouts. The courses are basically from The National SouthWest Associated University. At that time, most famous scholars were abroad, and the only professors in 1946 were Rao Yutai (concurrently dean of Peking University Science College), Zheng Huachi (concurrently dean of Peking University), Zhao Guangzeng and Ma (concurrently dean of Peking University Engineering College). By 195 1, with a number of well-known scholars such as Jiang, Zhang Zongsui, Hu Ning, Zhu Guangya and Yu Fuchun returning to China to teach, the faculty of physics department of Peking University gradually recovered and expanded.
1949 at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, it emphasized serving the country's construction. Professor Zhao Guangzeng took the lead in spectral analysis, and Professor Weng Wenbo taught geophysical exploration for the graduating class. 65438-0952 Peking University Department of Physics has trained the first batch of backbones for geophysical exploration specialty in China. Among these graduates, Yu Min, Liu Guangding and Deng later became academicians of China Academy of Sciences. 1in the autumn of 952, in order to meet the needs of national large-scale economic construction, colleges and universities were adjusted nationwide. Most of the physics departments of Peking University, Tsinghua and yenching university and the Department of Geology, Geography and Meteorology of Tsinghua University merged into the Physics Department of Peking University, setting up physics and meteorology majors. This is another great union of teachers after The National SouthWest Associated University. There are Rao Yutai, Zhao Guangzeng, Hu Ning, Huang Kun and Yu Fuchun from the former Peking University Department of Physics, Zhou Peiyuan, Ye, Wang Zhuxi, Hong from the former Tsinghua Department of Physics, and Chu from the former University Department of Physics.
After the adjustment of departments, the number of students in physics department has increased greatly, from cultivating a few students to cultivating physics talents in batches. Every year, the number of students has increased from the original maximum of 20 to 30 to nearly 200, and it has remained at 300 to 400 in 1957 and 58. At the beginning of 1959, the department of physics separated the major of geophysics and radio electronics from the department of physics and established the department of geophysics and radio. After being divided into three departments, the physics department still enrolls 150 and 60 students every year.
Learning the teaching system of the Soviet Union is one of the characteristics of the physics department of Peking University in this period. The teaching system of physics department has changed from the four-year system in the United States to the five-year system or five-and-a-half-year system in the Soviet Union-Europe. The first four years are basic courses, followed by 1 or 1 half a year is professional training or graduation thesis. After 52 years of comprehensive study of the Soviet Union, grades 53, 54 and 55 were changed to five-year system, and grades 56 were changed to six-year system.
From 65438 to 0956, according to the needs of China's national scientific development plan, teachers and students from Peking University, Fudan University, Nanjing University, Xiamen University and Jilin University concentrated in the Physics Department of Peking University, and established the first semiconductor major in China under the auspices of Professor Huang Kun and Professor Xie Xide.
1955, in order to establish China's nuclear industry system as soon as possible, China established China's first atomic energy talent training base-physics laboratory (predecessor of the Department of Technical Physics) in Peking University. Famous scientists such as Hu, Yu Fuchun, Zhu Guangya, Xu Guangxian and a group of young and middle-aged backbone teachers such as Sun Wa, Sun Yi-liang, Sun Yi-liang, Wu Jilan and Liu were transferred from all over the country to carry out preparatory work, and students were transferred from various universities. 1956 graduated from China No.1 nuclear physics major. At the beginning of 1959, the physics laboratory was changed to the Department of Atomic Energy, and 1960 was changed to the Department of Technical Physics. After the Cultural Revolution, all aspects of physics were in urgent need of development. 1977 the college entrance examination system was restored, and the school order began to get on the right track.
In teaching, after 1977 resumed the college entrance examination, the undergraduate education system was changed to four years, and the postgraduate and doctoral students were restored by 1978 and 1982. Peking University's physics teaching and its series of textbooks are well-known at home and abroad. Wang Zhuxi, Huang Kun, Yu Fuchun, Guo Dunren, Zeng and other famous teachers have far-reaching influence at home and abroad. Their work has established the tradition of physics teaching in Peking University and even the whole country. By 1985, most physics courses in Peking University have textbooks compiled and published by their own teachers, which have been adopted by many universities in China.
1989 general physics experiment won the national excellent teaching achievement special prize.
199 1 year, the physics major of the department of physics was established as the national base for basic research and teaching talents.
1992, the atmospheric science major of the Department of Geophysics was also approved as the national basic talent training base and received special support.
1993 Modern physics experiment won the first prize of national excellent teaching achievement.
1994, the nuclear physics specialty of the department of technical physics joined the physical science base, which strengthened the base scale to one and a half.
In 2000, the physical base officially passed the national acceptance.
2001May 18, Peking University Institute of Physics was formally established. This is another major reform of the management system of physics in Peking University after the adjustment of departments in 1950s.