Keywords: innovative ability of designing experiments in chemistry teaching
China Library Classification Number: G642 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1672-3791(2012) 05 (c)-0205-01.
Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and an inexhaustible motive force for the country's prosperity. The level of innovation ability is one of the important symbols to measure the quality of talent training in colleges and universities, and colleges and universities must attach importance to the cultivation of students' innovation ability. Setting up design experiments is an important link in cultivating innovative talents and an important measure in teaching reform. By designing experiments independently, we can cultivate college students' innovative ability, give full play to their potential and stimulate their curiosity and innovative thinking in the process of completing experiments independently.
1 disadvantages of traditional experimental teaching in China
There are some obvious shortcomings in traditional experimental teaching. Due to the influence of "traditional" thought, the educational function of chemical experiment teaching can not be fully exerted, and even the creativity of college students' thinking is restricted. The experimental requirements and operation steps of the traditional confirmatory experiment are solidified, and there is not much room for thinking, and the experimental phenomenon is consistent with the preset. Therefore, for college students, what they get is an irresistible cognition, which is the result of a fixed model without comprehensive and detailed observation. Over time, it may lead to college students' experimental interest fatigue and cognitive interest fatigue. In addition, due to the uniqueness of the conclusion of confirmatory experiment, it is difficult to make students pay attention to the "generation" problem in the experiment process, which may lead to the rigidity and one-sidedness of college students' cognition. Therefore, the traditional experiment limits the innovative thinking of college students to a certain extent and inhibits their personality development. In view of the present situation of experimental teaching in colleges and universities, colleges and universities have carried out a lot of exploration and reform on the training mode of college students, and put forward the design experimental teaching reform, which makes the cultivation of innovative talents more and more valued.
2 the meaning and characteristics of the design experiment
2. 1 Significance of designing experiments
Design experiment refers to the experiment designed and realized by students themselves according to the purpose and requirements of the experiment. In the design process, students should master the basic experimental operation and skills before they can design and operate on this basis. Therefore, designing experiment teaching is a high-level teaching method.
2.2 the characteristics of the design experiment
Compared with the traditional confirmatory experiment, the designed experiment is subjective, the experimental content is exploratory, the experimental principles and methods are diverse, and the experimental skills are comprehensive. In the experiment, college students can give full play to their innovative thinking and cultivate their innovative ability in the process.
3 the necessity of designing experiments to cultivate college students' innovative ability
3. 1 Independent design to cultivate innovative thinking of college students
Design experiment is to let students design their own experimental scheme, operate independently, find problems, analyze problems and solve problems on the basis of mastering basic operations skillfully. The whole operation process is difficult and challenging, and the experimental results are changeable. This can activate students' thinking, improve their enthusiasm, stimulate their curiosity and innovative thinking, and cultivate their innovative ability.
3.2 Give full play to the imagination in the experiment and exercise the innovative thinking of college students.
The experimental content of the design experiment is somewhat difficult. Although it has not been generally understood by college students, it can provide college students with a broader space for thinking and choosing, and can give full play to their imagination and exercise their innovative thinking in imagination.
4. Ways to cultivate college students' innovative ability through designing experiments
4. 1 experiment preparation
In the preparation before the experiment, college students should be familiar with and master the basic instruments and operations, classic experiments and comprehensive experiments in the chemistry experiment class. And also have a certain sense of experimental security. In addition, teachers should expose students to different experimental methods and skills as much as possible in the topic selection of design experiments, so that students can master more knowledge. At the beginning of the experiment class, we should introduce the purpose, significance, requirements and preparation of the designed experiment to college students, and do a good job in all aspects of the preparation of the designed experiment.
4.2 Literature review and topic selection
Each group of college students can design their own experimental topics, choose from the column of innovation and exploration in the experimental instruction book, choose topics of interest to them, and choose from the phenomena in life. By consulting the literature, the students draw up the experimental plan and write the experimental plan to the teacher. Teachers should encourage college students to think boldly and try to put forward innovative experimental ideas and methods in experimental design, instead of being limited to fixed thinking patterns and making bold innovations.
4.3 Design the experimental scheme
Each group of college students independently designed and determined the experimental topics, and made a detailed plan from the aspects of experimental principles, experimental steps, operating methods, needed drugs, spare parts and dosage, expected results, and matters needing attention. And the detailed process needs to be written in words. Most of the experimental processes should be completed by students independently, and teachers only play a guiding role.
4.4 Students prepare experiments, pre-experiments and complete experiments by themselves.
Students submit the list of experimental supplies and drugs according to the experimental design scheme. Students prepare their own experimental supplies, prepare drugs, debug instruments, and be familiar with the operation process. Teachers only play a guiding role, make full preparations for possible problems, propose remedial plans, and then start the preliminary experiments. In the process of preparation and pre-experiment, the design scheme is constantly revised and improved, and the experiment is finally completed independently.
4.5 experimental summary
After the experiment is completed, students should summarize the whole process and submit the experimental design scheme, experimental process records and experimental reports. Teachers and students can find problems and make further improvements by summing up and communicating with each other. Teachers encourage and praise students who actively try difficult topics, have innovative designs and new ideas, and can actively find ways to solve problems when they encounter them. Can improve the enthusiasm of students. In the whole process, students' innovative thinking and innovative ability can be improved.
5. Design experimental suggestions for cultivating innovative ability.
5. 1 Focus on mastering basic experimental knowledge and skills.
The cultivation of ability is not isolated. Ability is the accumulation of knowledge, the transformation of knowledge, the sublimation and application of knowledge. Without knowledge accumulation, there is no ability and without foundation, there is no improvement. Therefore, a problem that cannot be ignored is that when designing experiments for students, we must not ignore basic experiments such as basic experiments and basic skills. Before designing experiments, we must lay a solid foundation for students and lay a certain foundation for basic experiments. Therefore, we must attach importance to the mastery of basic knowledge.
5.2 Pay attention to the all-round cultivation of students
Cultivating students' practical ability and innovative ability is not only a process of setting up more designed experiments, but also a systematic project, a project of changing teaching ideas and a long-term process. Therefore, the cultivation of students' innovative ability should be integrated into all experimental processes, so that each experiment can shine brilliantly in cultivating students' innovative ability and improve the efficiency of each experiment in cultivating innovative ability. Everything is changing and developing, and every experimental project is not static, from which we can find out what can be discussed and what can be discussed from ordinary experiments, thus improving the value and efficiency of each experiment.
6 conclusion
Design experiment is an exploration, an effective teaching mode and the need of the development of the situation. As long as we persist in exploration and research in teaching practice, we can achieve the expected goal, so that the talents we cultivate have strong comprehensive quality, innovative ability, competitive ability and adaptability, which meets the requirements of the times and the demand for innovative talents in 2 1 century.
refer to
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[3] Wang Zuhao. Scientific inquiry in the new chemistry curriculum [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2003.
Bi, Fu Shangkui, Han Qingkui. Research on chemical experiment teaching [D]. Qingdao: Qingdao Ocean University.