4.2 Wrong legal consciousness
Legal consciousness includes three levels: legal knowledge, legal attitude and law-abiding behavior accomplishment. It cooperates with moral consciousness and regulates people's social behavior. Teenagers who violate the law and commit crimes have a weak legal consciousness. A few people commit crimes because of ignorance of the law, while most people commit crimes because of wrong legal concepts, or contempt for the law and lack of law-abiding behavior accomplishment. In addition, the wrong demonstration of disobeying the law is also a potential influencing factor. At present, corruption in society ranges from prostitution, whoring, corruption and murder to littering, running red lights and tax evasion. These wrong behaviors, which teenagers have heard for a long time, are often the root of disrespect for legal authority.
4.3 Immature cognitive structure
Cognitive structure refers to a psychological structure formed by individuals on the basis of perceiving and understanding objective reality. The immature cognitive structure of juvenile delinquents is manifested in the following aspects: first, in terms of time factors, things or phenomena can not be well connected with their past and future, and only the cognitive objects are treated in isolation, which is easily influenced by the present situation; At the same time, the cognitive object can not be well compared with other things or phenomena in the space field, which is easy to produce one-sidedness and limitations of cognition; Second, it lacks criticism, labor-saving, consciousness, foresight and adaptability, and it is difficult to handle complex affairs; Third, cognition can't control the influence of emotions, and it is easy to get emotional. Once there is a tendency to commit crimes, it becomes difficult to suppress. [ 15]
4.4 Emotional excitability and exposure
A little thing can easily arouse the passion of juvenile offenders. When passion erupts, it is often reckless. When people fight, they are more likely to get excited because they love vanity and try to be brave, and they want to be heroes. They are extremely crazy when they use knives and guns. They won't stop until they beat each other. Calm down after passion, and generally regret it; If it causes serious consequences, it will also feel fear. Their emotions are easily exposed, and they dance and get carried away when they are happy; When you are unhappy, you become angry from embarrassment. At the same time, their mood is extremely unstable, which is characterized by changeable mood, moodiness, cruelty and rudeness when angry, and easy to get emotional when happy. If educators lack feelings for them and adopt a sarcastic and rude attitude, they will have strong opposition and even talk back and abuse them; If educators are full of emotions, they will often produce good results, and even make them cry and express their determination to repent. However, this kind of emotion often appears repeatedly, and times have changed, and criminal teenagers will continue to carry out illegal and criminal activities, giving people the feeling of duplicity and inconsistency between words and deeds.
4.5 obvious duality
Juvenile delinquents show weakness of will when they achieve the goal of socialization, but they show tenacity when they implement anti-social activities. [16] Most of the delinquent teenagers come from double-poor students with poor academic and moral performance, and stubborn teenagers who love pleasure, leisure and hate work, which shows that their weak will is not unrelated. In the process of correction, whether studying culture and technology or living and working, juvenile offenders are often afraid of hardship, fatigue and difficulties, and lack the courage to correct their mistakes, which is a sign of weak will. Due to the weak will of juvenile offenders, it is easy to make their will activities deviate from social requirements under the influence of bad external incentives. Contrary to the weakness of will, it can do everything possible to eliminate subjective and objective difficulties and obstacles, showing its tenacious will to never stop until it reaches its goal. For example, in order to satisfy selfish desires, risk death to commit crimes, or dare to try the law; During the trial, some criminal teenagers stick to the alliance, refuse to confess, have a firm attitude and don't tell the truth; In the process of correction, some juvenile offenders dare to confront or run away from the prison staff regardless of their personal safety.
4.6 adventure
Dominated by the desperate hegemonic hero concept, criminal teenagers show bad will behavior of arrogance and blind adventure when committing crimes. For example, some criminal teenagers say, "I know it's a crime to cheat money, but if you want to enjoy happiness, you can't be afraid of taking risks." Only brave people can eat it. Support the brave and starve the timid. In order to get more money, it is worthwhile to take some risks. I tasted the thrill of adventure. "Most teenagers who commit theft believe that doing this business depends on' three skills and seven courage'; I also think we should be mentally prepared to be a thief and not be afraid of being beaten. A juvenile delinquent said, "I would rather die than live in mediocrity in order to rob money." "When juvenile delinquents talk about their psychological state before and after committing crimes, they almost always mention their adventurous psychology. They said that before committing a crime, they all felt different degrees of fear, but in order to eat, drink and be merry, they would settle down and take risks, thinking that as long as they have ideas, there is nothing great; When breaking the law and committing crimes, I just want to get it quickly, throw caution to the wind and do what I love; After discovering it, get rid of it if you can, and leave it to fate if you can't get rid of it. In the trial, either make up a lie first, tell the truth if it is really not good, and show a good attitude, or answer nothing and deal with everything without admitting it. When they first entered the juvenile detention center, they planned to "make up for the losses in prison and go back to work after going out"; The adventurous psychology of criminal teenagers, although some of them can succeed for a while, can only make them sink deeper and deeper in the mud pit of crime, and they can't escape legal sanctions after all.
4.7 Susceptibility
Because the juvenile delinquent has poor ability to distinguish right from wrong, it is easy to accept other people's hints and follow blindly. In the cluster criminal activities such as fan riots and street violence, it is easy to go with the flow and do bad things in a muddle; In juvenile criminal gangs, it is easy to carry out group crime activities under the hint of language, expression and action of the state or leaders and other members; Some juvenile offenders are easily provoked and encouraged to commit crimes. All these show that juvenile delinquents lack will consciousness and are strongly suggestive.
5 prevention strategies of juvenile criminal psychology
5. 1 social prevention
Further improve the socialist legal system, punish judicial corruption, strictly observe the law and discipline, establish the authority of the law in society, and enhance the deterrent effect on criminals. At the same time, we should vigorously rectify social evils and purify social atmosphere, especially carry out a long-term special struggle against pornography, gambling and drugs that seriously poison young people, and gradually eliminate their bad social effects. Further strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, carry out extensive and in-depth social morality education through public opinion, establish new social trends, and form a powerful social psychological force to prevent juvenile delinquency.
Standardize the management of cultural image market and strengthen the ban and crackdown on illegal publications. At the same time, it is necessary to intensify the creation of outstanding literary and artistic works, guide the cultural life of young people to entertain and educate, and cultivate their sentiments. Increase the breadth and depth of quality education, change the traditional indoctrination ideological education, pay attention to the integration of knowledge and practice, and do a good job in transforming underachievers. At the same time, implement the compulsory education law and control the phenomenon of student drain according to law.
To improve the legislation of juvenile in China, we should establish the rights and interests of juvenile in life, study and work in a detailed legal form, and give practical protection in judicial practice.
5.2 Network Prevention
5.2. 1 Strengthen teenagers' moral cultivation and self-discipline.
The fundamental problem is to strengthen self-moral cultivation in order to prevent juvenile cyber crime and protect their healthy growth. In fact, the existing moral concepts and computer moral concepts are not contradictory in essence. If computers and networks can be restrained by existing morality, it is impossible to commit cyber crimes. The problem now is that the moral concept is weak and the legal consciousness is weak, so it is difficult to restrain some behaviors in computers and networks. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen moral cultivation, understand the basic right and wrong, right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness through practice, and form a good network moral standard, so as to consciously abide by and maintain network morality.
Case: A scarf tore six families. A female high school student in Hangzhou was killed by her classmates. A shocking female high school student was killed and dismembered in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou. The news was subsequently confirmed by the police. As of yesterday morning, all five perpetrators were arrested by Hangzhou police. To everyone's surprise, they were classmates of the deceased. Yesterday afternoon, the reporter was informed of the general course of the case: the victim, A Hong, aged 17, was studying in a high school in Xiaoshan. Because of a little contradiction, A Hong quarreled with her classmate Ajie. On February 17, a resentful Ajie gathered four other people, tricked Ahong into Ahua's home, strangled Ahong with a scarf, and then dumped Ahong's body in the wild. This murder case not only ruined the future of six children, but also tore apart six families, and once again aroused people's concern about juvenile delinquency. In fact, as early as six months ago, a senior two boy in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou killed a female student he didn't know because of an insignificant little lump. When this poor female student was victimized, she just finished the college entrance examination and was about to become a college student. In these two murders, the deceased and the perpetrators were young boys and girls in their prime. Why do teenagers kill people with knives and classmates? How much hatred is there in teenagers' hearts, and all solutions must be attributed to violence? Lack of respect for life education Last night, the reporter interviewed Mr. Yang Di, a psychological counselor of Hangqing Hotline. She felt very sad when she heard of another student murder. "This murder case once again reflects a long-standing defect in our children's education-the lack of education that respects life." "This leads our teenagers to be indifferent to the lives of others and their own lives. In addition to wounding and killing, it also includes suicide. "She said that it is precisely because of the paleness of emotional education in schools and families that the stronger and smarter younger generation lost their kindness and sympathy. Whether it is schools, parents or society, what is more concerned is how children or students compete, how to love, sympathize and help others fade out. " This indifference is the most terrible. "In a sense, juvenile delinquency is the direct result of invalid or failed education. Punishment is never an end. The purpose of education is to make life bright and the ultimate possibility of life bright. There is no doubt that juvenile delinquency is the product of social environment. Although the problem is complex and multifaceted, it is necessary to ask such a question: Where is the possibility of juvenile delinquency and moral redemption? Is it possible? How is that possible? [lawyer's comment] 1. Tracing Juvenile Delinquency (1) The Prisoner of Desire With the change of social structure in China, the interests of the whole society have been readjusted and redistributed, which has intensified the differentiation of different income groups. " Fear of poverty has become a social and psychological disease of the public, and people have become prisoners of desire. With the development of economy and the richness of material, people's potential desires have gained the status of "legalization". The reason may lie in affirming the freedom right of personal desire, while exaggerating the freedom of personal desire. Therefore, the imbalance between social structure and psychology has become the inducement of crime. (2) The lack of ultimate concern, the thawing of mainstream ideology and the absorption of western culture have brought about the diversification of value judgments and the individualization of lifestyle, and the ultimate concern has to give way to the lyrics of "Eat, drink and be merry". The confusion caused by the coexistence of various values makes teenagers who are in a fragile and sensitive period of life at a loss. (3) The social security system is not perfect. The comprehensive establishment and improvement of the social security system can reduce the criminal acts that intensify contradictions caused by unfair social distribution. Because social security is the protection of the basic living rights of social members, it can at least eliminate and reduce those criminal acts that occur to meet the most basic living needs. Does the natural evolution theory of "survival of the fittest" apply to social evolution? How do we protect the vulnerable groups? These questions need to be discussed and answered urgently. (4) Opportunities in the process of urbanization With the increase of population flow and information flow, the process of urbanization is accelerated, and it also provides opportunities for criminal activities. Therefore, some people regard crime as a by-product of modernization. "Money has everything" has become a program of action. You don't believe in anything and dare to do anything. As a result, you are caught in a situation of quick success and instant benefit, unscrupulous means, moral decay and rational destruction. (V) Negative influence in peer communication Peer communication originally refers to interpersonal communication between groups of the same or similar age, but now it usually refers to the communication between young people because of the unique concern of society for young people. Peer communication is an important part of teenagers' life, which is dynamically manifested in information exchange and material exchange; Static reflects interpersonal relationship, that is, emotional connection formed through dynamic interaction. Because teenagers are keen and immature, they often have strong emotions and tend to go to extremes, which leads some people to fight for "self-esteem", be obsessed with "chivalry" and take risks for "fighting for righteousness"