brief introduction
The so-called "Massive open online course" (large-scale open online course), as the name implies, "M" stands for massive. Different from traditional courses with only dozens or hundreds of students, a MOOCs course has tens of thousands of students, up to 1.6 million; The second letter "O" stands for openness and interest-oriented. Anyone who wants to study can come in and study, regardless of nationality, and only need one email address to register and participate. The third letter "O" stands for Online, and learning is done online, without travel and time and space restrictions; The fourth letter "c" stands for of course, which means of course. [ 1]
Large-scale open online course is a new online course development mode, which originated from the old course development mode of publishing resources, learning management system and integrating learning management system with more open online resources. Generally speaking, massive open online courses refer to large-scale open online courses distributed on the Internet and published by individuals in the spirit of sharing and collaboration to enhance knowledge dissemination.
The storm caused by this large-scale online course began in the autumn of 20 1 1, which was hailed as "the biggest educational innovation since the invention of printing" and showed the dawn of "future education". 20 12 is called "the first year of massive open online courses" by The New York Times. [2] Many suppliers specializing in providing massive open online course platforms compete with each other, among which Coursera, edX and Udacity are the most influential "Big Three", and the first two have entered China.
2 teaching form
Course scope
The theoretical basis of large-scale open online courses is connectionism and open teaching method of online learning. These courses, like traditional university courses, gradually make students grow from beginners to advanced talents. The course covers not only a wide range of scientific and technological disciplines, such as mathematics, statistics, computer science, natural science and engineering, but also social science and humanities. Massive open online courses do not provide credits and are not included in undergraduate or graduate degrees. Usually, studying in a large number of open online courses is free. However, if learners try to obtain some kind of certification, some large online open courses may charge some tuition fees.
Teaching form
Courses are not a collection, but a way to connect lecturers and learners all over the world through a topic or theme.
Although these courses usually have no special requirements for learners, all the massive open online courses will provide a rough schedule in the form of weekly discussion topics, and the rest of the courses have the smallest structure, usually including weekly lectures, discussion questions, reading suggestions and so on.
test
There are frequent quizzes in every course, and sometimes there are mid-term and final exams. Exams are generally marked by classmates (for example, every paper in a course is marked by five classmates, and the final score is the average score). Some students have established online study groups or face-to-face study groups with nearby students.
Three main characteristics
1, large-scale: one or two courses not published by individuals: "large-scale open online courses" refer to those courses published by participants. Only when these courses are large-scale or large-scale, it is a typical large-scale open network course.
2. Open course: respect for * * * enjoyment (CC) agreement; Only when the course is open can it be called a large-scale open online course.
3. Online courses: not face-to-face courses; These course materials are distributed on the Internet. There is no limit to where people have classes. No matter where you are, you can enjoy the first-class courses in American universities at the least cost, and all you need is a computer and an Internet connection.
Massive open online course is a new online course development model, which is developed from the past release of resources, learning management system, and a new curriculum development model that integrates learning management system with more open online resources.
Letter meaning
The so-called "Massive open online course", as the name implies, "m" stands for massive open online course, which is different from traditional courses with only dozens or hundreds of students. A large open online course has tens of thousands of students, up to 1.6 million; The second letter "O" stands for openness and interest-oriented. Anyone who wants to study can come in and study, regardless of nationality, and only need one email address to register and participate; The third letter "O" stands for Online, and learning is done online, without travel and time and space restrictions; The fourth letter "c" stands for of course, which means of course. [ 1]
What is the large-scale open online course among the massive open online courses? The large-scale Chinese online open course is OER (Open Educational Resources).
What are "flipped classrooms", "micro-courses" and "massive open online courses" 1 flipped classrooms?
Influenced by the trend of information-based teaching reform, even the teaching organization form of ordinary full-time students in colleges and universities has begun to change: on the basis of traditional classroom teaching methods, various forms of online teaching have become an auxiliary teaching method, which has produced a new teaching organization form-"mixed learning".
In fact, blended learning is a combination of different learning methods and teaching elements. With the advantages of face-to-face teaching and network, it reorganizes teaching resources and implements learning activities, thus achieving the purpose of improving teaching efficiency. It should be noted that blended learning is not a simple application of information technology and a simple change in teaching form, but a comprehensive change in teaching philosophy, teaching mode and teaching organization.
Blended learning can be regarded as a guiding ideology and organizational strategy to reorganize and construct the teaching and learning process by using various new technical means, which provides a basic idea for us to use various specific teaching technical tools in the teaching process.
"Converted Classroom" is the concrete embodiment of the concept of blended learning. Conceptually speaking, it refers to a unique teaching organization form based on face-to-face classroom instruction and using various teaching technology tools to realize the reorganization of teaching process. Specifically, it is to readjust the teaching organization structure and teaching allocation time inside and outside the classroom, shift the initiative of learning from teachers to students, and correspondingly trigger changes in the order and mode of teaching and learning activities between teachers and students. In this teaching mode, students can concentrate more on active project-based learning, ask questions and answer questions with teachers, discuss and communicate with teachers, study and solve key and difficult problems in learning, so as to have a deeper understanding of the teaching content.
To sum up, a prominent feature of flip classroom is that teachers no longer take up classroom time to teach information, which requires students to learn independently before class. The main way to achieve this is to learn what teachers teach in class before class by watching teaching courseware made in some technical form, such as watching video lectures, listening to podcasts and reading e-books. You can also discuss with other students online and consult the required information at any time.
This arrangement makes it unnecessary for teachers to spend time in classroom teaching in face-to-face teaching, but they can have more time to communicate with everyone in the class alone. Furthermore, after class, students should plan their own learning content, learning rhythm, style and knowledge presentation, while teachers use question-and-answer method and coordination method to meet students' needs and promote students' personalized learning, with the goal of enabling students to obtain more real learning through practice.
To sum up, in essence, blended learning and flip classroom are actually talking about the same problem from different aspects-on the basis of the original traditional classroom face-to-face, using various new teaching tools based on the Internet to realize the adjustment and reorganization of teaching links, teaching processes or teaching steps, so as to realize the transformation of organizational forms such as learning and teaching, teachers and students, in-class and extracurricular, teaching and self-study. In short, blended learning actually flips the guiding ideology of the classroom; Flip classroom is a concrete application strategy or implementation scheme of blended learning.
2 micro class
Conceptually speaking, "micro-course" is a structured and miniaturized network teaching courseware based on the core knowledge points of the subject, with teaching short films as the core and clear teaching links. Its basic characteristics are: video, simplicity and interaction.
The author puts forward the "four-stage theory of micro-course evolution" (see Figure 3) to describe the diversity of micro-course connotation and the dynamic development of application forms. The core content of this model is: from the perspective of conceptual analysis, the "micro-lesson" that everyone is talking about at present actually includes at least the following four basic terms: "micro-video", "micro-lecture", "micro-lesson" and "micro-lesson". Their meanings are both related and different. More importantly, these four terms used in micro-courses also represent the change and evolution of the concept of micro-courses to a certain extent.
From micro-video to micro-lecture, and then from micro-lecture to micro-lesson, micro-lesson embodies its evolution and development. With the development of technology, the concept and form of micro-courses are not fixed, but will be constantly improved and changed to meet the actual needs of future teaching. Therefore, we can regard micro-lesson as a new design concept and expression form of teaching courseware with unique functions. It is a design scheme with blended learning as the guiding ideology and flipping the classroom as the basic application mode. The courseware designed in this scheme has the following characteristics: the content is short and concise, and the focus is prominent; Video is the main form of expression; The application mode emphasizes the immediate feedback of learning; In terms of design technology, it emphasizes networking and interactivity.
In short, micro-lesson is a specific technical design scheme of flipping classroom, or micro-lesson is a common courseware design scheme to realize the organizational form of flipping classroom teaching. In this way, the basic relationship among blended learning, flip classroom and micro-class is formed: blended learning is the guiding ideology of flip classroom, and flip classroom is the concrete implementation scheme of blended learning; Micro-class is a concrete technical design scheme of flipping the classroom.
3 Large-scale open online courses
Massive open online course: Massive open online course (Massive open online course). It is a new online curriculum development model, which originated from the old curriculum development model of publishing resources, learning management system and integrating learning management system with more open network resources.
The so-called "Massive open online course" (large-scale open online course), as the name implies, "M" stands for massive. Different from traditional courses with only dozens or hundreds of students, a MOOCs course has tens of thousands of students, up to 1.6 million; The second letter "O" stands for openness and interest-oriented. Anyone who wants to study can come in and study, regardless of nationality, and only need one email address to register and participate. The third letter "O" stands for Online, and learning is done online, without travel and time and space restrictions; The fourth letter "c" stands for of course, which means of course.
Large-scale open online course is a new online course development mode, which originated from the old course development mode of publishing resources, learning management system and integrating learning management system with more open online resources. Generally speaking, massive open online courses refer to large-scale open online courses distributed on the Internet and published by individuals in the spirit of sharing and collaboration to enhance knowledge dissemination.
The storm caused by this large-scale online course began in the autumn of 20 1 1, which was hailed as "the biggest educational innovation since the invention of printing" and showed the dawn of "future education". 20 12 is called "the first year of massive open online courses" by The New York Times. Some suppliers who specialize in providing large-scale open online course platforms are competing with each other. Coursera, edX and Udacity are the most influential "Big Three", and the first two have entered China.
What is a massive open online course? What is a "flip classroom"? What is the relationship between "massive open online courses" and "flipping classrooms"? Flipped classroom is translated from "flipped classroom" or "inverted classroom", which means to readjust the time inside and outside the classroom and transfer the decision-making power of learning from teachers to students. Under this teaching mode, students can concentrate more on active project-based learning, study and solve the challenges of localization or globalization in the real world, and gain a deeper understanding. Teachers no longer take up classroom time to teach information, and students need to complete autonomous learning after class. They can watch video lectures, listen to podcasts, read enhanced e-books, discuss with other students online, and consult the required information at any time. Teachers can also have more time to communicate with everyone. After class, students independently plan their learning content, learning rhythm, style and knowledge presentation mode, and teachers use teaching methods and collaborative methods to meet students' needs and promote students' personalized learning, with the goal of enabling students to obtain more real learning through practice. Flip-over classroom model is a part of the great education movement, which overlaps with the teaching methods and tools such as blended learning and inquiry learning in meaning, in order to make learning more flexible and active, and to make students more involved. In the Internet age, students don't have to go to school to be taught by teachers. The Internet, especially the mobile Internet, gave birth to the "flip classroom" teaching model. "Flip classroom style" is a complete subversion of the traditional classroom teaching structure and teaching process based on printing, which will lead to a series of changes in teachers' roles, curriculum models and management models.
"Flip-over Classroom" is an educational idea and educational guidance method, and "Massive Open Online Courses" is the product of this educational idea, or a practice of "Flip-over Classroom" educational idea.
Massive open online course is a new online course development model, which is developed from the past release of resources, learning management system and a new curriculum development model that integrates learning management system with more open online resources.
What are the characteristics and teaching forms of massive open online courses and massive open online courses? What are the characteristics and teaching forms of massive open online courses and massive open online courses?
Teachers' teaching mentality directly affects students' learning mood. It is the reflection of teachers' own psychological quality and the embodiment of teachers' classroom teaching art. To keep teaching as the best psychological state, first of all, we should be fully prepared before class. Before class, we should make good preparations, especially be aware of the teaching plans, and the main links of teaching can be vividly remembered, so that the teaching process is fresh, the structure is reasonable, the methods are appropriate, the content is moderate, and it conforms to the students' psychological laws and cognitive characteristics.
What is a massive open online course? The theory of massive open online course was first put forward by who and when in Massive Open Online Course, which is a new online course development model. It is developed from the new curriculum development mode of releasing resources, learning management system and integrating learning management system with more open network resources in the past.
In 2008, the term "large-scale open online course" was put forward by the director of network communication and innovation of university of prince edward island and the senior researcher of the National Institute of Humanities Education Technology Application. Dave Cormier and Brian Alexander put forward the concept of large-scale open online courses in the online courses designed and led by the deputy director of the Institute of Technology Enhancement Knowledge of athabasca University and the senior researcher of the National Research Council.