Physical characteristics. College students have experienced the last peak of growth and development in their lives, and their external forms such as height, weight, chest circumference, shoulder width, head circumference and pelvis have gradually turned into a slow development stage. The bones are basically ossified and strong. At this age, due to the role of sex hormones, muscle fibers become thicker and develop to the transverse diameter. The water content in muscle gradually decreases, while the contents of protein, fat, sugar and inorganic matter gradually increase. Muscle cross-sectional area, muscle weight and muscle strength increased significantly, approaching the adult level. There are obvious differences between male and female students in external forms. The boy's Adam's apple becomes prominent, his vocal cords become wider, his pronunciation is low, his shoulders become wider, his chest is flat, his beard and hair are tufted, and he looks strong. Girls have prominent breasts, long vocal cords, sharp voices, enlarged hips and soft and plump limbs. The appearance of these secondary sexual characteristics shows that the physiological development has gradually matured and can bear a large load, which has laid a material foundation for shouldering heavy mental and physical labor, adapting to various difficult environmental changes and the healthy development of psychological quality.
Physical function characteristics. The heart of college students has reached the adult level in shape, structure and function. The weight of the heart is about 300~ 400 g, the heart volume is 240~ 250 mL, the heartbeat frequency is 65 ~ 75 times per minute, the blood volume accounts for 7% ~ 8% of the body weight, and the stroke output is about 60mL. For most boys and girls, the heart system can withstand all kinds of intense physical exercise activities. Individuals have high blood pressure because the heart develops faster and the blood vessels develop relatively backward before puberty. In addition, due to the influence of endocrine, some systolic blood pressure is close to 20 kPa, which fluctuates, while diastolic blood pressure is still in the normal range. This phenomenon is called adolescent hypertension. Adolescent hypertensive patients can still engage in physical exercise and physical labor normally if they have the habit of physical exercise before and have no adverse reactions after exercise. As long as proper attention is paid to the amount of exercise and medical supervision. With the increase of age and the balance of internal environment, this phenomenon will naturally disappear. The respiratory system of college students has approached and reached the adult level. In the early youth, the structure and function of the heart and lung grow rapidly, the respiratory frequency gradually slows down, and the respiratory depth increases accordingly. According to some data, the breathing frequency of young people is about 16 times per minute, and the average vital capacity of male and female college students is 4 124 552 mL and 287 1 390 mL respectively. The heart and lungs are the power organs of human blood circulation and gas exchange. Physiologically, these organs of college students have reached a sound level and can carry out vigorous metabolism to ensure the consumption and supplement of energy in heavy mental work and strenuous physical exercise. Characteristics of the nervous system. The nervous system is the earliest, fastest and most mature system in human body. College students are in the rising period of establishing connections between brain cells. After teaching and training, especially professional study, the activity and quantity of cortical cells increase rapidly, the connection between neurons expands, the gyrus deepens, the highest regulatory ability of the second signal system is greatly enhanced, and the connection between the first and second signal systems is perfect, which creates good material conditions for the development of thinking. Therefore, the university period is a period when the intelligence level is improved, the memory function is enhanced, the abstract thinking is greatly developed and the comprehensive analysis ability is obviously improved.
The main characteristics of college students' psychological development
The psychological state of college students, like their physical development, is in a special stage from basic maturity to complete maturity, and it is also a key stage in the formation of world outlook.
First, let's look at the psychological characteristics of college students, and then look at the psychological contradictions in this period. In psychological development, as a young college student, the most prominent thing is the development of self-awareness. Self-awareness is the understanding of the existence of self in the environment, and it is the evaluation or judgment of self-value, self-status and self-ability. Self-awareness develops gradually with the physiological development of college students. If you deeply analyze yourself, you may find that you are more independent, more confident and have a clear goal for your future than in high school.
Besides self-awareness, the development of emotion and sexual awareness is the most prominent. College students are the most active group in thinking and emotion. With the expansion of living space and the improvement of knowledge level, your thinking ability will be greatly enhanced. You will have to face many puzzles and choices. You may want to get better professional grades, but at the same time you want to participate in more social activities. When your time is limited, you will have to face this choice.