The bronze seal of Feng Qijue's "Zujia" unearthed at the Western Zhou Dynasty site in Gaoqing, Chen Zhuang, is the first accurate record found in archaeology, and also the earliest written record about the legendary first generation monarch of Qi State.
Qi Huangong is Jiang Taigong?
Why is Qi Huangong in the inscription Jiang Taigong? Li, the former president of Peking University Institute of Archaeology and Culture, believes that Qi Huangong in the bronze inscriptions unearthed from noble tombs was sealed in Yingqiu according to literature records, and it must be Qi Wang himself. These two A-type tombs with entrances, whether the tomb owners are the early monarchs of Qi or the descendants of indigenous countries speculated by some scholars, will uncover the secrets of the founding of Qi and restore the confusing history of Shandong in Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
Li Xueqin, a famous historian, said that the Qi Huangong mentioned in the inscription is that the inscription of more than 70 words reveals a major historical event in which Qi Aigong was cooked. The site of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Chen Zhuang is closely related to Yingqiu. The inscription on the bronze reed read: In the first month, the king of Zhou summoned Yin and took him to Master Zhou. So the king of Zhou said, Yin, I appoint you to inherit the official position of your ancestors and manage the army of Qi. Now I'll appoint you again and give you a bow, a hundred arrows and four horses. Please do your duty and don't lose the battle.
To thank Wang En, he cast this treasure with weapons captured by the enemy, which was used by his children and grandchildren Sun Yongbao. Who is this man? After further study by experts, it is found that this quotation should be Shenzi, most likely Qi Xiangong Mountain.
Wang Entian, a Shandong archaeologist, thinks that Qigong is Jiang Taigong. According to the general law of bronze inscriptions, anyone who adds the name of the country before the public should be the first monarch of this country. For example, the monarch of Lu is the Marquis, and Jin Wen always calls him Duke of Lu, not Duke of Lu. Lu Houxi is a ritual vessel cast by Lu Houxi for Wen. Lv Hou is the son of the first monarch of Lu. Yang Gong is a nickname after death, and Xiao Wen is a respectful name for his dead father. Wen can only be his father, the first monarch of Lu. By the same token, Qi Huangong was of course the first generation monarch of Qi, Jiang Taigong.
Two major discoveries of the city site are rare.
1, the altar in the city site is the earliest site of the Temple of Heaven in China.
The altar found in Chen Zhuang city site is also an important achievement in the excavation of this city site. Wang Yuxin, a researcher at the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that the altar is located in the excavation center, with nine floors, an inner ring and an outer ring. It is made of rammed earth, which is nested in layers and has a strange shape. Some scholars believe that this kind of rammed earth can basically be called a circular mound.
According to Qi's poem, there is a son to return, not a son's camp. Qu Yuan's "Songs of the South" _ Tian Wen said: Well, it's Jiuzhong. Which camp is it? But what is the merit of this, which is the first one to do it. And other documents, it is suspected that this nine-story platform is the hill built by the late Taigong Wang as Qi Xiangying said. Therefore, Wang Yuxin thinks that this circular nine-story platform is the ancestor of today's Temple of Heaven. The right to worship heaven and earth and ancestors is monopolized by emperors or princes, which also provides strong evidence for inferring that the city site of Chen Zhuang was occupied by princes and nobles of Qi in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.
Wang Entian, an archaeological expert in Shandong, believes that this kind of altar is rare in China, and the whole altar is well preserved. According to the soil layer, it has gone through hundreds of years. The rammed earth abutment on the ninth floor of the Western Zhou Dynasty site in Chen Zhuang is the Temple of Heaven, not an altar. The Tiantan in Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties is not a landmark building, but a dome on the south side of the Temple of Heaven. The center of the dome is a round boulder surrounded by a square altar wall. The abutment of Chen Zhuang Xizhou city site is a circular rammed earth building, and the center of abutment is circular, which obviously embodies the concept of circular place. Wang Entian believes that although the platform of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing and the platform of the Western Zhou Dynasty site in Chen Zhuang are different in building materials and complexity, they both highlight the concept of "Heaven has nine floors". Therefore, the platform of the Western Zhou Dynasty site in Chen Zhuang can be regarded as the original form of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, and it is the originator of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing.
At the same time, Wang Entian also believes that the worship of heaven began in the Zhou Dynasty, and the altar of the Western Zhou Dynasty site in Chen Zhuang is probably the first or only Temple of Heaven site in China, which has important research value in the history of thought and architecture in China.
It is rare to kneel upright and be martyred.
The vertical kneeling chariot pit, first discovered at the Western Zhou Dynasty site in Chen Zhuang, has exquisite accessories and extremely high specifications, which has attracted extensive attention from the domestic archaeological community.
Wang Zhenzhong, a researcher at the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences, said: The unearthed horse's head stood high or slightly off, and its spine and ribs were well preserved. The manger where the horse is located is specially used to fix the horse's standing posture. Because there is no sign of struggle, the horse should be stuck in the manger after death, so as to keep its present posture. In the Zhou Dynasty, there was a burial custom system in which the emperor drove six and the princes drove four. There are two cars and four horses in this chariot pit, and one car and two horses. It can be preliminarily inferred that it is the tomb of princes.
What's even more amazing is that there is still a corner in the middle of the horse pit. Is it a horse pit buried with the tomb owner or a special horse pit for sacrifice? This kind of martyrdom pit is very rare in China.
Expert opinion Mausoleum is a direct descendant.
Experts agree that Qi Huangong written in the inscriptions unearthed from the Western Zhou Dynasty site in Chen Zhuang is Jiang Taigong. 14 large and medium-sized tombs were found in the ruins of Chen Zhuang. Some people even asked: Did Jiang Taigong sleep here?
Experts' dating of the mausoleum denied the idea that Jiang Taigong was buried here. Most tombs belong to the middle Western Zhou Dynasty, but some may be as early as the early and late Western Zhou Dynasty. Wang Yuxin told reporters.
Although Jiang Taigong didn't sleep here, it still can't stop the historical research value of these fourteen large and medium-sized tombs. Wang Yuxin said: Most tombs are A-shaped large and medium-sized tombs. The first discovered upright kneeling buried chariots and horses have exquisite accessories and high specifications. Car No.1 and No.2 both drive four horses, which is in line with the burial custom system of Zhou Dynasty. Taigong named Qi Jianguo and moved eastward into the Spring and Autumn Period. The Qi calendar of the Western Zhou Dynasty lasted for about 300 years, and the direct line of the Chiang family included thirteen princes from Taigong Jiang Shang to Qizhuang Gong. 14 large and medium-sized tombs excavated at the site of Western Zhou Dynasty in Chen Zhuang conform to the era of the royal family of Qi State, or the tombs of princes and nobles of Qi State during the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Wang Yuxin believed that the tomb of the King of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period was located in the northeast of the ancient city of Qi in Linzi, and the tomb of the King of Qi in the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty was mainly distributed in the south of the ancient city of Qi and its surrounding areas. It is worth noting that up to now, no large-scale tombs of Qi nobles in the Western Zhou Dynasty have been found in Linzi and Qi ancient cities, but more than 50 bronzes have been unearthed in the 14 tombs excavated at Chen Zhuang city site. Among them, the word "Qigong" in the inscription first discovered refers to Shang, which provides evidence for determining the country and age of the city site, and further infers that Chen Zhuang city site was the political and cultural center of Qi in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and the cemetery was in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty.