As we all know, since the Ministry of Education began to implement the policy of expanding the enrollment of colleges and universities from 65438 to 0999, the number of college students in China has been increasing. According to the data released by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, in 2009, the number of college graduates in China reached 6 1 1 10,000, and 20 1 1 year reached 7.58 million. At the same time, the impact of the international financial crisis has become more apparent. Today's market is more and more open. Compared with the market more than 30 years ago, the degree of openness is at least 100 times higher. Then, in this context, how to analyze and treat the employment of college students as a realistic social problem?
First of all, we try to analyze the employment problem of college students from the perspective of communication.
(1) Contact is objective. When it comes to college students' employment, it is impossible not to contact their education. In recent years, in order to give students more opportunities to enter universities, colleges and universities have generally expanded their enrollment. However, due to the lack of relevant supporting measures, the severe employment situation of college graduates has become prominent. At the same time, in the process of expanding the scale of education, the quality of students is not strictly controlled, and the improvement of teaching strength lags behind the growth of the number of students, which affects the training quality of college students. The decline of college students' quality has aggravated the severe employment situation of college graduates.
(2) Contact is universal. Nothing can exist in isolation, and the whole world is an interconnected unity. From the perspective of economic development, the fundamental factor affecting employment, although China's economic situation remains stable, from the international background, events such as financial crisis always have more or less direct and indirect negative effects on China's social and economic development and current employment. College students are high-level workers with limited employment options. Therefore, the scale and speed of social and economic development largely determine the overall demand for college students in a certain period, and have a direct impact on whether the overall employment situation of college students has improved significantly.
Secondly, we try to look at the employment of college students from a developmental perspective.
Everything is forever developing, and the essence of development is the emergence of new things and the demise of old things. Treating the employment problem of college students equally, we will find that before 2002, China has been implementing the distribution system for college students, that is, college graduates are uniformly distributed by the state. However, with the development of society, the country's annual enrollment expansion for college students makes the number of college graduates increase year by year, which also makes the original system unable to adapt to the employment problem of college students under the new situation. When the distribution system of college students no longer adapts to the reality of higher education enrollment and the sharp increase in the number of college graduates, and when the contradiction between the national distribution system and the increase in the number of college graduates is irreconcilable, it objectively puts forward urgent requirements for reforming the existing national system. Therefore, since 2002, the state has started the education reform, stipulating that the graduation distribution system for college students will no longer be implemented, thus breaking the system of "one exam for life". The state has carried out educational reform, and no longer allocates packages to college students. For college students, although they have to pay more attention to their employment, from the perspective of Marxist philosophy, we will find that society is always progressing and the new system can replace the old one. Before the allocation of national packages, the enrollment of universities was very limited. We called the higher education at that time elite education. However, since the reform of the education system, the enrollment of higher education in China has soared, and the annual enrollment expansion has greatly increased people's opportunities to receive higher education, providing a broad and favorable platform for the country to develop talents in all fields and train successors and builders of the country in the new century, which is undoubtedly more conducive to the development of socialism. Because China will eventually develop into a developed country with a high concentration of material civilization and spiritual civilization, and the promotion of spiritual civilization depends largely on education. Therefore, the abolition of the distribution system should be more conducive to improving the quality of all citizens and promoting social development and progress. Therefore, only by applying scientific Marxist philosophical principles, looking at problems dialectically, and observing society from a developmental perspective, can we make a correct and comprehensive judgment. According to Marxist philosophy, materialist dialectics and the principle of universality of contradictions, it is not difficult to see that there is bound to be a running-in in the process of educational reform and the transformation of college students' employment mechanism. In other words, it is only a process for college students to find jobs, and there will be new changes after the experience.
Thirdly, we try to judge the employment problem of college students from the perspective of practice.
Marxism reveals the objective reality of human practice and puts forward the view that practice is the first, that is, practice is the basis of cognition, which plays a decisive role in cognition. Only on the basis of practice can we understand and transform the world. Correct consciousness comes from practice, and whether it can be applied to practice is very important. College students should be aware of the guiding role of theory in practice. Strengthen the cultivation of practice and innovation ability by applying the principle of the relationship between cognition and practice. Guide yourself to improve the comprehensive quality of theoretical reserve, skill acquisition and practical innovation from the perspective of practice. While having strong competitive strength and sufficient practical skills, we should also establish a correct outlook on life, values and job selection, face up to reality, keep pace with the times, change our concepts and choose jobs flexibly. As long as you do this, you will win in the social competition and find your place.
Fourthly, we can also consider the employment of college students from the perspective of contradiction.
First of all, according to the basic principle of Marxism that contradiction is the fundamental driving force to promote the development of things, we say that the employment situation of college students is grim, and this contradiction will inevitably promote the reform of university education and the psychological development of college students themselves, thus promoting the development of contradictions in a favorable direction.
Secondly, starting from the law that things are the unity of opposites, college students also have more opportunities in the current employment situation. Internal cause is the fundamental driving force for the development of things. Whether it is difficult for college students to find a job depends on the students themselves. Not all of them can't find a job. In fact, college students' employment expectations have been too high and they are too picky about job hunting. As far as the social concept of job seekers is concerned, due to the deep-rooted concept of "official standard" in China, these people do not flow to enterprises, but concentrate in administrative institutions. According to statistics, the number of private enterprises in China has accounted for more than 90% of the total number of enterprises in the country, the total output value of private economy has accounted for about 50% of GDP, the tax revenue of private economy accounts for nearly half of the total tax revenue of the country, and the employment driven by private economy has accounted for more than 75% of new jobs. Faced with such a large job market, it is no exaggeration to say that it is not a problem for a college student to find ten jobs. However, there are some misunderstandings in college students' employment concept, such as "being a clerk in a foreign company is not as good as being a backbone in a small and medium-sized enterprise", "starting a business is not as good as getting a job" and "getting a job is not as good as taking the postgraduate entrance examination". Judging from the spatial distribution of college students' employment, most of them are concentrated in developed areas and high-paying departments, and less work is done in underdeveloped areas. Among them, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Beijing are the first choice for college graduates, and few people are willing to work in the western region. A survey of more than 3,000 undergraduate graduates shows that 74.8% prefer to work in Beijing, while only 2% prefer to work in the central and western regions. The income aspirations of these graduates are 2,000 to 4,000 yuan per month, and those who earn less than 2,000 yuan per month will never do it. In this way, the employment direction of graduates who have soared after the expansion of university enrollment is still concentrated in big cities, white-aged classes and management positions, and the unreasonable distribution of high-level light grass-roots units pays more attention to the east than the west. In fact, the current economic growth mode and strategy determine that the demand for productive talents, private enterprises and western development talents continues to be strong, while the demand for management positions and eastern talents grows little or quickly, resulting in a prominent contradiction between college students' expectations and the actual situation. It can be seen that the employment problem of college students is relatively surplus to some extent, which is closely related to the unreasonable spatial layout caused by college students' employment choice concept.
To sum up, under the background of China's reform and opening up, economic globalization and integration, I think that as far as college students' employment is concerned, as long as they change their employment concepts appropriately and take the initiative to adapt to the market with a peaceful attitude, that is, try to adapt to it with the development law of the market instead of letting the market adapt to themselves, college students may understand its internal laws, so that they will not feel too much employment pressure and employment will not be more difficult than before. As for some people, they always fantasize that the market can meet their requirements and meet their imaginary "good job" and "good job" centered on me; If you don't go to the bottom of the employment pyramid and just squeeze into the top of the pyramid to find a job, how can you explain the reduction of employment opportunities? That should be just another matter.
Of course, in view of the employment problems faced by college students now, we should also take various positive and effective measures. It requires efforts from many sides and a multi-pronged approach. The following measures should be taken:
(A) governments at all levels should take the employment rate as an important indicator of performance evaluation, give full play to macro-control functions, and do a good job in the employment of college graduates.
First, focus on developing the tertiary industry, support small and medium-sized enterprises, and expand the employment space for college students through economic development.
The second is to establish and improve the Law on Employment of College Students, the Law on the Protection of Talents, the Regulations on the Management of Graduate Employment Market and other laws and regulations, and gradually bring the employment of graduates into the track of standardization and legalization.
The third is to formulate a positive employment policy, broaden the employment channels for college students, increase employment posts, help college students who have just entered the society to choose their own jobs and start businesses, guide graduates to work in non-public units, rural areas and grassroots units, and provide some preferential policies for graduates who work in grassroots units to minimize structural unemployment.
Fourth, in order to balance the allocation of domestic human resources, strengthen inter-provincial and even international ties, export high-level talents, and attach importance to the implementation of low-level labor export.
Fifth, strengthen the education of college students' correct world outlook, outlook on life, values and career choices, so that they can establish the concepts of self-employment, diligent entrepreneurship and lifelong learning, and establish the idea of employment according to social needs and making contributions to the grassroots.
Sixth, it is necessary to further increase the number of students who are in urgent need of majors in society, control the development scale of long-term majors, and reduce or stop the enrollment of colleges and majors with low employment rate of college graduates with low teaching quality and unreasonable specialty settings.
Seventh, attach importance to the development of higher education in higher vocational colleges to meet the demand for talents from the upgrading and diversification of national, social and industrial structures.
(2) Reform the higher education system, adjust the professional structure of colleges and universities, and improve the quality of education and the level of employment services.
While the employment of college graduates in China has become market-oriented, we should speed up the reform of higher education system, link the enrollment index of colleges and universities with the employment rate of graduates, urge colleges and universities to determine the enrollment number and set up majors according to market demand, and independently coordinate the relationship between employment supply and demand of college graduates.
Colleges and universities should put teaching functions before scientific research and social service functions. It is necessary to continuously strengthen the construction of teaching software and hardware facilities and the construction of teaching staff, deepen the reform of teaching content, abandon obsolete and convergent politicized and hollow majors and teaching content, broaden students' knowledge, increase applied, operational, skilled and comprehensive courses that meet the needs of society, pay attention to cultivating students' innovative ability, and let college students start their own businesses. In order to teach students in accordance with their aptitude and cultivate qualified talents, we should implement the system of changing majors, or let students choose majors in the first year of school after they have a certain understanding of majors.
Colleges and universities should also strengthen students' employment services and actively broaden students' employment channels, including school recommendation, campus and social job fairs, talent or employment websites, applying for civil servants, and serving the west. In particular, we should vigorously provide employment services on websites and job fairs, promote the informatization construction of employment services, and regularly release new job demand information.
(3) The society should establish a systematic, functional, standardized and efficient graduate talent market to promote information sharing among the employment market, talent market and labor market. We should treat college students fairly and lower their employment threshold. At the same time, it is necessary to get rid of the local protectionist system and non-institutional regulations that restrict the free flow of graduates, create an employment environment without discrimination such as hukou and gender, and let employees have a sense of belonging to society and enterprises. Enterprises should also keep pace with the times and train employees.
(D) College students should establish a correct concept of career choice and improve their comprehensive quality.
In order to calmly face the important issue of employment, college students should tailor their social coordinates, change the concept of "employment from a high starting point" into the concepts of "employment before choosing a job", "employment before development", "flexible employment" and "dynamic employment", and pay more attention to finding a stage that suits them and can fully display their talents.
Young people are quick-thinking and dare to be the first. Many outstanding people made great achievements when they were young. Bill? Gates founded Microsoft at the age of 20, Newton discovered the law of gravity at the age of 23, Einstein published his special theory of relativity at the age of 26, Meyer discovered the first law of thermodynamics at the age of 28, Bell made the world's first practical telephone at the age of 28, Edison invented the electric light at the age of 32, the Wright brothers invented the first manned plane at the age of 32, and Nobel invented explosives at the age of 27. The average age of the first-line scientific and technical personnel carrying out the Shenzhou VII mission in China is only over 30 years old. Therefore, in order to achieve deep employment, college students should also strive to improve their comprehensive quality and innovation ability; It is necessary to cultivate a sense of responsibility, maintain a good employment mentality, and clearly realize that the difficulties, setbacks and grievances encountered in job hunting are temporary and inevitable. On this basis, we should turn pressure into motivation and firmly believe that "since God has given talents, let them be used!" Face the competition bravely, including finding another way, continuing further study, taking the postgraduate entrance examination, taking the civil service examination, or starting your own business. As long as our college graduates can change their thinking and be full of self-confidence, our road to employment will surely become wider and wider.
Conclusion: Fundamentally speaking, I think the crux of the employment problem of college students in China lies in the fact that the scale, structure and layout of higher education under the planned system are not compatible with the economic development and industrial structure during the market-oriented transformation period. But does this mean that there are too many college students in China, which makes it more difficult to find a job than before? The answer is no, we say that although the number of college students in China has increased after the enrollment expansion, it is still relatively scarce compared with the huge total population base in China. According to the data of the fifth national census in 2000, only 36 1 1 of every 65,438+million people in China have received university education, that is, the population with university education only accounts for 3.6% of the total population, compared with 30% in Japan and South Korea and 16% in India. The number of scientists and engineers per million people in China is only 30% of that in other developing countries. Therefore, in view of the severe employment situation of college students, we can't simply attribute it to the expansion of enrollment, nor can we arbitrarily think that the employment of college students is much worse than before, but we should look at the essence through the phenomenon: the deep-seated reason mainly lies in the talent structure, quality and employment concept cultivated by higher education, but due to the complexity of its reasons and manifestations, the employment situation of college students has been shrouded in a mysterious veil.