IE (Industrial Engineering) of the Department of Industrial Engineering of Tsinghua University is a discipline that designs, improves and establishes an integrated system composed of personnel, materials, equipment, energy and information. It is a subject that comprehensively uses the professional knowledge and technology of mathematics, physics and social sciences, as well as the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to plan, design, evaluate and improve (innovate) the integrated system composed of people, materials, equipment, energy and information. Originated in the United States, it is an applied engineering technology discipline developed on the basis of Taylor's science, which emphasizes comprehensively improving productivity, reducing production costs, ensuring product quality, making the system in the best operation state and obtaining huge overall benefits. It is a mainstream science that assists enterprise management, from method engineering, job measurement, job evaluation, salary system and factory design to job research and decision analysis, and even absorbs the research and practical experience of statistical methods and information technology, network planning technology and behavioral science development. The goal of IE is to improve the production management infrastructure of the factory, increase labor productivity, make theory and practice complement each other, ensure management effect, reduce costs, improve economic benefits, and find problems, solve problems and prevent problems based on engineering technology and scientific management skills. Through study, students can organically combine technology and management, and carry out industrial simplification, specialization and standardization of IE management for enterprises, which can play the role of IE technology management from the formulation and formulation of process operation standards, labor quota hours, on-site management of processes and processes, and even the optimization and improvement of the production management system of the whole company. Many people confuse IE with enterprise management, which is extremely wrong. It is actually the integration of technology and management. We know that the earliest watch is a mechanical watch, which uses a clockwork-driven timing system. Later, electronic watches appeared in the 1970s, and then electronic and mechanical integration formed today's electronic mechanical watches. This is the simplest example of "mechatronics". The "technology-management integration" of industrial engineering ("technology-management integration") has a history of 100 years abroad and is one of the seven major engineering disciplines in the United States. It integrates engineering and management, which greatly promotes the economic and social development of industrialized countries. Industrial engineering is a science about the effective operation of complex systems. It combines engineering technology with management science, and quantitatively analyzes, optimizes and designs practical engineering and management problems in manufacturing, service and other enterprises or organizations from a systematic perspective. It is an independent engineering discipline, aiming at system efficiency and benefit. The development of industrial engineering discipline in Tsinghua University began in 1990s. The first batch of industrial engineering masters 1993 and undergraduate majors 1997 were approved, and enrollment began. After that, it was approved to award Doctor of Engineering and Master of Industrial Engineering according to the first-class discipline of "Management Science and Engineering". 200 1 10 The Department of Industrial Engineering was formally established, and Professor Savindi of Purdue University in the United States was specially appointed as the first department head and chair professor. From June 5438 to 10, 2004, Professor Savindi successfully completed his first term and continued his second term (2004. 10 to 2007. 10). There are 23 faculty members in the Department of Industrial Engineering, including teachers 18, all of whom are doctors returning from studying abroad or young and middle-aged teachers studying abroad. Professor Savindi's goal for the Department of Industrial Engineering of Tsinghua University is to build a world-class industrial engineering discipline in a relatively short time. In the past three years, the Department of Industrial Engineering has made great progress. Industrial engineering (IE) is an interdisciplinary subject, which takes large-scale industrial production and industrial economic system as the research object, aims at optimizing production system, improving labor productivity and comprehensive benefits, and is formed on the basis of the continuous development of manufacturing technology, management science and system engineering. It was born with the demand of industrial production and developed with the progress of technology, which played a great role in improving the development level and efficiency of enterprises and promoting the development of national economy. Practice has proved that science and technology and management technology are often the key factors to promote the development of productive forces in various fields of economic development and industrial production. Industrial engineering was born under the background of exploring the combination of science, technology and management, and played a very important role in the process of transforming it into real productive forces.
1 the concept of industrial engineering
Industrial engineering is a subject that is constantly developing and improving. It effectively integrates the latest achievements of engineering science, management science, natural science and social science, and gradually forms its own independent scientific system. It changes with the development of science and technology and market demand, and its connotation and extension are still being enriched and developed. From 65438 to 0955, the American Institute of Industrial Engineers gave a complete definition of industrial engineering, that is, "industrial engineering is a discipline that designs, transforms and realizes the whole system composed of related personnel, materials, equipment, energy and information. It uses the expertise and skills of mathematics, physics and social sciences, and applies the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to determine, predict and evaluate the possible achievements of this system. " It can be seen that industrial engineering is a planning, design, evaluation and innovation activity that comprehensively applies various practical knowledge and methods to form a more effective and productive integrated system of manpower, materials, equipment, technology and information, and provides scientific basis for effective organization and management.
2 the basic characteristics of industrial engineering
From the concept of industrial engineering to the actual engineering practice, industrial engineering has the following basic characteristics: (1) the idea of overall system: the theory and idea of industrial engineering is to pursue the overall benefit of the system. The goal of each subsystem must obey the overall goal of the system. In the process of implementation, IE regards industrial production as a huge and complex system, of course, an enterprise, workshop, workshop, etc. can also be a system. Modern industrial engineering is to make overall planning and comprehensive balance with systematic and combined viewpoints and methods, and give full play to the overall benefits of the system. (2) The idea of integration of technology and management: A very important feature of IE is to study and solve the problems in production organization and management from the technical point of view, while in concrete implementation, it is to analyze, design, reform and control the operation behavior of the system from the perspective of overall system management, so as to achieve overall optimization. Therefore, it is an engineering discipline that combines technology and management closely, and industrial engineers are compound professional and technical talents who understand management to perform this task. (3) The idea of continuous development and perfection: IE has gone through the traditional IE stage with improving work efficiency as its important content since its birth; Combining more systematic and accurate design with operational research in independent activity stage; Taking system engineering as the new pillar, it has formed a system science system stage of analysis and design from micro to macro and from local to whole; At present, it can be considered as a new development stage for IE to apply various new technologies and theories, and constantly expand its application fields and scope. From a disciplinary point of view, industrial engineering is a research field full of vitality and development, with a distinct flavor of the times. Many modern scientific and technological knowledge has become a related subject of IE. From the early experimental statistical methods and operational methods to the present theories and methods of large-scale system integration, all methods that are beneficial to system analysis, design and evaluation and efficiency improvement have been incorporated into the research and application of IE in time. Therefore, industrial engineering is considered as one of the fastest developing engineering disciplines. In terms of application, the application scope of IE is also expanding. At first, the main application of industrial engineering was in manufacturing. In today's society, industry has become a collection of social industries, so IE has developed rapidly from manufacturing to various industrial fields, including service industry, modern agriculture and even administrative enterprises. From its own connotation, the connotation of industrial engineering itself is constantly changing. For example, in the past, people and personnel generally referred to laborers in industrial production, which are a kind of production resources. Now, people's enthusiasm and creativity in production activities are emphasized, and the rational allocation and use of personnel are emphasized. Another example is the concept of materials and materials, which is not limited to raw materials and work-in-process in the production process, but the floorboard of various entities running in the system. The expansion of these concepts makes the research content of industrial engineering more colorful.
3 the basic functions of industrial engineering
Industrial engineering has gradually formed its own characteristics and functions in its development and application practice. According to the definition of modern industrial engineering, its basic functions include system planning, system design and implementation, system evaluation and system innovation.
(1) system planning function
Generally, it includes macro-system planning and micro-system planning. Macro planning, including industrial policy, industrial structure, industrial technology policy, technology development planning, industrial education and training planning, etc. Micro-planning includes new product development, business development planning, business strategy, technology update and transformation, safety and environmental planning, quality cost planning, product standards and serialization planning, employee education and human resources development planning.
(2) System design and function realization
This is one of the most important functions of IE, which mainly includes: ① system design and implementation, including manufacturing process system, quality assurance system, organizational structure system, information management system and logistics system (project site selection, factory layout, overall project design, facility design, etc.). ) and supporting system (network database). ② Work research and implementation, including production process design, production process selection, working procedure and method design, working time and action standard formulation, working environment design, human resource development and design, etc. ③ Manufacturing process control, including manufacturing resource planning, quality control and reliability, production planning and control, process cost control, etc. (4) The formulation and implementation of standards mainly include design standards, quality standards, working standards, norms and procedures, and industrial safety, health and environmental protection system standards and norms. (5) Enterprise reorganization and reengineering, mainly including the design and implementation of virtual enterprise, various modern manufacturing methods, business process design and reengineering, employee training and education design and arrangement, etc.
(3) System evaluation function
The function of system evaluation is mainly to evaluate and analyze the benefits or achievements of the system with the help of various analysis and evaluation tools, so as to achieve the optimal results, including technical and economic development prediction and evaluation, investment analysis, product design evaluation, engineering economic analysis and evaluation, various planning and design schemes evaluation, existing subsystem evaluation, quality and reliability evaluation, employee performance and post evaluation, evaluation index and technical evaluation of laws and regulations, establishment and evaluation of reward and punishment mechanism, and evaluation of publicity and education system effect.
(4) the function of institutional innovation
Innovation is the fundamental source of enterprise development, and it is one of IE's functions to achieve the goal of promoting the continuous innovation of the system by analyzing, evaluating and perfecting the system. This mainly includes product improvement, process improvement, facility improvement, system organization improvement, working mode improvement, incentive and organization of technological innovation, and work development of new products and technologies. According to the above functions, the talents engaged in industrial engineering are not qualified by ordinary professional and technical talents and ordinary management talents, but must be compound talents with all-round quality. The American Institute of Industrial Engineers defines an industrial engineer as: "An industrial engineer is a person who contributes technology in order to achieve the manager's goal (the fundamental meaning of the goal is that the enterprise obtains the best profit and the least risk). Industrial engineers and technicians assist managers at all levels to engage in research and inventions in business philosophy, planning, implementation and control methods, so as to make more effective use of talents and various economic resources. " Therefore, industrial engineers must have extensive and profound basic knowledge, professional knowledge, system engineering theory, modern management knowledge and computer application knowledge. 4. Awareness of industrial engineering (1) cost and efficiency (2) problems and reform (3) work simplification and standardization (4) overall situation and integration (5) people-centered awareness.