Introduction of works
The play is Song of Double Pines, written by Du Fu, and also named Song of Wei Yan's Double Pines, which was selected as the ninth song in Volume 2 19 of Complete Tang Poetry.
original text
The play is Song of Twin Pines (painted by Wei Yan).
Author: Tang Du Fu
A few people in the world painted Gu Song. Bi Hong was old and Wei Yan was missing.
The pen is long and the room is full of moving colors.
Two damaged moss skins and bent iron bars staggered back to the high branches.
Keywords white rot, dragon and tiger death, black moon thunderstorm,
Monks are lonely, and Pompeii has no fixed place.
In favor of barefoot on the right shoulder, the pine nuts in the leaves fall forward.
I have met several times in Wei Hou, Wei Hou. I have a fine oriental silk, which is as heavy as a splendid festival.
It makes a mess of wiping. Please put the pen straight.
translate
How many people in the world are good at drawing Gu Song? Bi Hong is old and Wei Yan is young.
When you stop painting, you will feel that the pine tip is rising, and the audience will be amazed.
Two strains of Gu Song spread their moss-covered epidermis, and the coiled high branches were staggered and buckled, like blue iron.
Bare trunks are like the bones of dragons and tigers, and gloomy leaves are like low-hanging thunderstorms.
A monk from the Western Regions is resting in Chang Song, with gray eyebrows and detached appearance.
Bare-shouldered and barefoot, pine nuts fell to the ground in front of him.
Wei Hou, Wei Hou, come to see me as soon as possible. I have a nice plain silk.
Its price is no less than splendid satin, which confuses light and shadow when stretched.
I have decorated it flat. Please brush it straight.
To annotate ...
Famous Paintings: Wei Jianzi's works are based on mountains and rivers, monks, strange people, old pines and strange rocks, with strong brushwork and lofty style. People know a good horse, but turquoise is better.
How many people in the world paint Gu Song? Bi Honglao, Wei Yanshao. The perfect pen rises from the end of the fiber, and the room is full of moving colors.
(Praise Wei Yan for painting pine first. Du Yi: The first two sentences are mild, and then the last two. What a stroke of a pen! )
(1) Yang Di's poem, "The only tree in Gu Song"; (2) Wen Jian Ji: Tianbao suggestion Bi Hong, good at painting Gu Song. Later, when I saw Zhang Yun, the Cabinet started writing. Zhang Yanyuan's "Famous Painting": In the second year of Dali, Bi Hong painted turquoise on the wall of Zuo provincial capital in order to give something, and all the good people sang it. Change Jing Zhao's little voice to Zuo Shuzi. Trees and stones remain famous, and trees become ancient, starting from the macro. (3) Du Yu's Preface to Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period: "The last pen is Lin." The last pen, finished painting, cabinet pen also. Zhang Zaishi: "Wandering Changfeng." Defoe: "It should be a breeze, and the fiber is at the end." (4) Xie Zhuang's "Yuefu": "The house is full of change." Wu Du Fu: "The wonderful voice of Shi Si."
Two mossy skins split tragically, and the bent iron bar staggered back to the high branch. White rot, dragon and tiger die, black moon thunderstorm.
(Copy the shape of Gu Song. Zhu Zhu's skin is cracked, so it is dry and corroded like a dragon and a tiger's bone. The branches are back, so the leaves are as gloomy as a thunderstorm. Zhang Wan's attention is white, and his words and paintings are dry. Introduction to black, thick embellishment of calligraphy and painting. Du Yi: Writing two songs only stops four sentences, which makes meditation mysterious, evocative and meaningless. ) 1 bend the iron, and the branches turn black. "Fairy Biography": Ji Xunzi, hands and feet on his chest, can not stretch, like bending iron. Xie Huilian Fu: "The pine is staggered, and the neon hydrogen is bleak." 2 "Han Feizi": rotten bones and rotten meat, suitable for land. (3) Historical Records: The extreme south is the sun, and the extreme north is the Taiyin.
Monk Matsumoto was lonely, his eyebrows drooped, his right shoulder showed, and monk Matsumoto fell forward in the fallen leaves.
(Remember the monks in Matsushita. Du Yi: Being an old monk is abrupt and natural, and being in Didi is more imposing. (1) Hanshu: Liang Wudi passed by Shu Lang and met Yan Yi, Pang Mei and Hao Fa. Li Lingshu: "Go home with your head down." "The Top Sutra of the Giant Buddha": A name has no line of life, and a name has no line. ② Prajna Paramita Sutra: It leans to the right shoulder and the right knee touches the ground. Zhu Zhu notes "The Long Water Classic": Naked, naked meat. Western vulgar etiquette: naked when you see the king, indicating that you dare not commit crimes. Buddhism is also used with this, but it will show the burden of Dafa. (3) pine nuts, see Kuizhou poem note.
Wei Hou and Wei Hou met several times, and I have a good East Silk ①, which is as heavy as Jinxiu Festival ②. The polishing is messy, please straighten the pen and dry it.
This Suowei painting is loose. Du Yi: Wei's paintings are loose, tortuous and changeable, so it is difficult to create directly. A silk is very long. Why don't you write? So is the play. This chapter consists of four paragraphs, four rhymes, the first four sentences and the last five sentences. )
(1) Wu Zeng's Notes: Dong Si, Guan Dong Si. Yu Jianwu's Answer to the King of Wuling: The beauty of Kanto lies in its subtle weaving. Zhu Zhu's Notes on Tang Zhi: Lingzhou, Dongchuan and Tugong Goose Creek Silk. Huang's "The History of the Three Kingdoms" said: There are thousands of tree slaves in the state, so I don't blame you for your food and clothing. 18 years old can even use a diaosi. Poji Poetry Note: Goose Creek is located in Yanting County, Zizhou. Silk is very good. At that time, people called it Goose Creek Silk, that is, East Silk. "Four Sorrow Poems": "Beauty gives me splendid paragraphs." Xie Shushi: "Yunjin is messy." (3) put pen, vertical pen also. Qiu Chi's poem: "A straight stem has no crooked branches." The Chronicle of Tang Poetry contains Tang Wengui's Ode to Jiuhua Rain, in which "the lightning strikes the old pine and the tiger is angry, and the rain rushes to the shady cave and the dragon is fishy", which is quite strange for Du Fu to "destroy the white bones and the dragon and the tiger die, and the black falls in the Taiyin thunderstorm".
Make an appreciative comment
The poem begins with a soft tone. "Several people in the world painted Gu Song, Bi Honglao and Wei Yanshao." It always shows that Wei Yan is good at painting loosely and in his prime. Then, he suddenly issued a warning: "The pen is long and the room is full of color." That is to say, when Wei Yan finished painting, there was a breeze at the end of the pine tree, and all the people who looked at the painting were moved by it and marveled at the wonder of the pine tree painting. This is similar to the amazing sentence "There are no maple trees in the class, but there is smoke under the mountain".
The eight sentences in the middle section describe the scene in Wei Yan's "Shuangsongtu", and the realm of poetry is the realm of painting. "Two severely cracked moss skins, bent iron bars staggered back to the high branches." The moss-covered double pine bark has cracked, bent like iron pine branches and staggered into circles. The two sentences of "White Extinction" and "Black Entry" inherit the above poems, and further describe the image of "split skin" and "branch back". "White Extinction of rotten bones means that the branches of Pi Song are like rotten bones of a dragon and a tiger". Wei Yan painted the branches with dry strokes, so he said "white extinction". "Black into the lunar thunderstorm" describes the branches of pine leaves in the loop, like a drooping cloud thunderstorm. Wei Yan used thick brushstrokes to draw shades, so it was called "black entry". The following four sentences in "Monk Songgenhu" describe Matsushita's Zen monk with a natural expression. The grey-haired monk Hu stayed, showing his right shoulder and feet, as if he were resting, without even knowing that the pine nuts in the pine leaves had fallen.
The poet loved Wei Yan's pine paintings, so he prepared silk paintings. "Wei Hou and Wei Hou met several times" shows that the poet and Wei Yan are already familiar friends, so they took out the "Good East Silk" that "does not reduce the splendid festival" and asked the painter to paint vertically. Dongsi, or Goose Creek Silk, was produced in Yanting County, Zizhou, and was a tribute in the Tang Dynasty. Because it is located in the east of Chengdu, it is named. It is difficult for Wei Yan to show the advantages of his painting skills by drawing pine and straight pine, but Du Fu asked him to "draw straight pine", which means: Can you draw straight pine? It's a play if you have to. It can also be seen that the two have a deep friendship. There is no word "drama" in the whole poem, and the word "drama" on the title is only taken care of at the end of the sentence. The most basic artistic requirement of inscribed poems is that the poet should enter the reality of painting and transform the beauty of painting into the beauty of poetic art. The first four sentences and the last five sentences of this poem, starting from the artistic effect of "two loose pictures", render Wei Yan's superb painting skills, and even arouse the poet's great interest and seek painting from silk books. The eight sentences in the middle part are pictures describing the map of Song Shuang. The real scene in the picture is Song Shuang and the old monk Matsushita. The first four sentences describe the state of Song Shuang's transformation into a dish and the change of smoke clouds, focusing on the strange beauty of looseness; The last four sentences describe the natural and refined expression of the old monk Matsushita, and strive to reproduce the supernatural beauty of the characters. The strange rise of pine trees and the supernatural of monks are integrated into one, which constitutes the painting beauty of the whole "Double Pine Map". The poet reproduces them in the language of poetry, which produces a peculiar poetic beauty.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County (now Gongyi, Henan Province). Du Fu's great-grandfather (Du Fu's father) moved from Xiangyang (now Hubei) to Gongxian (now Gongyi, Henan). A great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,500 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite. His influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poetry is also called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are both called "Du Li". In order to distinguish it from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li".
Du Fu's poems are called "the history of poetry" because many of his poems are depressed and worried about the country and the people. Du Fu's poems are good at classical style and rhythmic poetry, and have various styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflect the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time, record the great historical changes from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and express the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and strong sense of hardship, so they are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems handed down from generation to generation are the most extensive in the Tang Dynasty, and he is one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Du Fu's works are known as the scars of the world and the sages in poetry. The people are in poverty, and the bottom of the pen is turbulent.
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis and refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage. Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation. His works include Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River, Wang Chun, Jueju and Wang Yue.
Traditional control
Complete Tang Poetry Volume 2 19_9 The play is Du Fu (painted by Wei Yan).
A few people in the world painted Gu Song. Bi Hong was old and Wei Yan was missing.
The pen is long and the room is full of moving colors.
Two damaged moss skins and bent iron bars staggered back to the high branches.
Keywords white rot, dragon and tiger death, black moon thunderstorm,
Monks are lonely, and Pompeii has no fixed place.
In favor of barefoot on the right shoulder, the pine nuts in the leaves fall forward.
Wei Hou Wei Hou met several times. I have a good Dong Si, and I don't want to lose the C section.
It makes a mess of wiping. Please put the pen straight.
Extended data:
The life of the character
family background
Du Fu was born in Dujia, Jingzhao, and was a scholar-bureaucrat in the north. Its distant ancestors were Du Zhou, a famous cruel official of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and his grandfather Du. Du Fu and Du Mu, another great poet in the Tang Dynasty, were both great scholars and celebrities in the Jin Dynasty. However, the two tribes are far apart. Du Fu comes from Du Yu's second son Du Dan, and Du Mu comes from Du Yu's youngest son Du Yin. As a teenager, Du Fu lived a relatively stable and prosperous life because of his superior family environment. He has been eager to learn since he was a child. At the age of seven, he was able to write poems. "At the age of seven, I thought I was strong, and I sang the phoenix with my mouth open." He is interested in "making the monarch Yao and Shun, and then making the customs pure." When he was a teenager, he was also very naughty. "I remember when I was fifteen, I was a child, as healthy as a yellow calf." Pear and jujube are ripe in August before the court, and the tree day can return to a thousand times. "
Young and excellent travel
At the age of 19 in the 19th year of Kaiyuan, Du Fu made an inspection tour (now the hometown of Jin State in Linyi, Shanxi). Twenty years old, roaming wuyue for several years. In the 23rd year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (735), Du Fu returned to his hometown to participate in the "rural tribute". Twenty-four years in Luoyang to take the Jinshi exam, ranking first from the bottom. Du Fu's father was Sima, the secretariat of Yanzhou at that time, so Du Fu went to Yanzhou to visit relatives and began a trip to Qi and Zhao.
In April of the third year of Tianbao (744), Du Fu met Li Bai, who was given money by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, in Luoyang, and they met to travel with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu, Henan). After that, Du Fu went to qi zhou (now Jinan). In the autumn of the seventh year of Tianbao (748), Du Fu went to Yanzhou to see Li Bai. Together, they searched for immortals, talked about poems and papers, and forged a friendship of "getting drunk in autumn and walking hand in hand with Japan". At the end of autumn, the two shook hands and said goodbye. Du Fu ended his roaming life of "Zhao Qi is dissolute and Qiu Ma is quite crazy" and returned to Chang 'an.
Bad career
Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu was born in a family of "serving Confucianism and guarding officials" for generations, with profound family knowledge. The early works mainly show the ideal, ambition and expected life path. On the other hand, it shows his political ideal of "respecting the monarch and following it, and then making the vulgar pure". Many works in this period reflected the sufferings of people's livelihood and political turmoil at that time, and exposed the ugly behavior of the rulers. Since then, he has embarked on a life and creative road of worrying about the country and the people. With the increasingly corrupt politics in the later period of Tang Xuanzong, his life became increasingly impoverished and disappointed. In a wandering life.
In the sixth year of Tianbao (747), Xuanzong called all-round artists from all over the world to Chang 'an to take the exam, and Du Fu also took the exam. Because the Minister of Electric Power Li directed a farce of "leaving no legacy", all the students who took the exam lost the election. Because the imperial examination was not feasible, Du Fu had to turn to the powerful door to realize his political ideal, but it ended in vain. He lived in Chang 'an for ten years, rushing around offering gifts, unhappy, frustrated in his official career and living in poverty. "He failed to win the first place and was trapped in Chang 'an. "
In the first month of the tenth year of Tianbao (75 1), Xuanzong held three ceremonies to worship Taiqing Palace, ancestral temple and heaven and earth, so Du Fu presented three "Da Li Fu" in the winter of the ninth year of Tianbao, which was appreciated by Xuanzong and ordered him to be in Jixian Academy. However, he only got the qualification of "participating in the selection order" and waited for distribution. As the examiner is still Li, he didn't get the official position.
In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), Du Fu was appointed as the commander of Hexi, but Du Fu didn't want to be appointed as the official post of "it would be very sad for him not to be a commander of Hexi", so the court changed him to the right guard and led the government soldier Cao (a junior official who was responsible for guarding the staff of armor and managing the access key). Du Fu stayed in Chang 'an for more than ten years because he was 44 years old. In order to make a living, he accepted this useless job. In November, Du Fu went to Fengxian Province. Just as Du Fu entered the room, he heard crying. It turned out that his youngest son starved to death. Based on ten years' experience in Chang 'an and his experiences along the way, he wrote the famous "From Beijing to Fengxian, reciting 500 words".
War and displacement
In November of the 14th year of Tianbao (755), An Shi Rebellion broke out. In June of the following year, Tongguan fell and Xuanzong fled hastily. In July, Prince Hengli was established in Lingwu as Su Zong. At this time, Du Fu had moved his family to Qiang Village in Yinzhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) to take refuge. He heard that Su Zong ascended the throne and went north alone in August to join Lingwu. Unfortunately, he was captured by the rebels on the way and brought to Chang 'an. Wang Wei, who was also captured, was closely supervised, and Du Fu was not imprisoned because of his small official position. Despite personal misfortunes, Du Fu always cared about the country and the people.
During the An Shi Rebellion, he always paid attention to the development of the current situation. During this period, he wrote two articles, Guo's Situation in Huazhou and Five Questions about the Examiners in Hehuazhou, offering suggestions for exterminating the Anshi Rebellion and considering how to reduce the burden on the people. When the soldiers and horses of Li, the main force of the rebel army, passed through Huazhou, they wrote a poem "Two Kansai Soldiers Going to Guanzhong for Standby" to express their patriotic enthusiasm.
Official period
In April of the second year of Zhide (757), Guo Ziyi's army came to the north of Chang 'an. Du Fu ventured out of Chang 'an from Jinguangmen in the west of the city, crossed the opposing two armies, and joined forces with Su Zong in Fengxiang (now Baoji, Shaanxi). On May 16, Su Zong awarded Zuo Shiyi, so it was called "Du Shiyi". Unexpectedly, Du Fu was soon demoted to Huazhou (now Huaxian County) for saving houses, which angered Su Zong and took charge of sacrifices, music, schools, elections, medical care and examinations. After arriving in Iowa, Du Fu was very depressed and upset. He often goes to Zhengxian Pavilion on the Xixi River (near the old viewing platform in Xinglin Town today) to relieve his worries. In his poems, such as Pavilion in Zhengxian County, Bitter Story in Early Autumn, and Independent Skinny Horse Walking, he expressed his sigh and resentment at his frustrated official career, the bleak world and the promotion of treacherous men. Du Fu was rescued by Prime Minister Zhang Gao and released. But "the emperor didn't pay much attention to the records", and Su Zong no longer reused Du Fu. In September this year, Chang 'an was recovered. In November, Du Fu returned to Chang 'an, where he still stayed to tidy up his bones. Although he was loyal to his duties, he was eventually implicated in the Fang Yi case and was demoted to join the army in June of the first year of Gan Yuan (758).
At the end of the first year of Gan Yuan (758), Du Fu temporarily left Huazhou to visit relatives in Luoyang and Yanshi (both in present-day Henan). In March of the following year, the battle between Tang Jun and Yecheng (now Anyang, Henan Province) broke out and Tang Jun was defeated. On his way back to Huazhou from Luoyang, Du Fu was deeply touched by the endless disasters brought by the war and the patriotic behavior of people who endured humiliation in the war. He wrote immortal epics-three officials (Xin 'an official, Shihu official, Tongguan official) and three farewell (newly married, resigned, homeless). "I am full of sadness and trouble because people travel far."
Wandering in southwest China
In the summer of the second year of Gan Yuan (759), there was a drought in Huazhou and Guanzhong. Du Fu wrote Summer Sigh and Summer Night Sigh, lamenting the sufferings of China refugees. After beginning of autumn this year, Du Fu felt sad about the dirty politics, gave up his secretarial position in Huazhou to join the army, and went to Qin Zhou in the west (now Tianshui, Gansu). Du Fu wrote more than 30 poems during his tenure in Huazhou. Du Fu finally arrived in Chengdu after several twists and turns. With the help of Yanwu and others, he built a thatched cottage on the banks of Huanhuaxi in the west of the city, which was called "Du Fu Cottage" or "Huanhuacao Hall" in history. Later, it was recommended by Yanwu as the festival capital, and the whole family lived in fengjie county, Sichuan.
In the spring of the second year of Guangde (764), he moved to Shu again, and Du Fu returned to the thatched cottage where he had been wandering for nearly two years. Yanwu recommended Du Fu to be Yuan Wailang, the Ministry of Industry for proofreading, and served as Yanwu's staff officer. Later generations also called Du the Ministry of Industry. Soon Du Fu resigned again. During these five or six years, Du Fu lived a hard life under the protection of others. He said, "The book of an old friend is broken by the rich and generous, and the hungry son is desolate." (Madman) "Idiots don't know the father-son ceremony, so they are angry and beg and cry." He used some details of his life to show the hardships of his life. He said that his children are not sensible, don't know how to respect their fathers, and don't know the courtesy of their masters. When they are hungry, whether they are fathers or not, they should follow the ceremony of father and son. When you are hungry, you clamor for food and cry at the east gate. In the autumn wind and rainstorm, Du Fu's hut was dilapidated, and his wife was hungry and couldn't sleep all night. He wrote "The Hut was Blown by Autumn Wind".
In April of the third year of Guangde (765), Yanwu died of illness and Du Fu left Chengdu. After passing through Jiazhou, Rongzhou (Yibin), Yuzhou (Chongqing), Zhongzhou (Zhongxian) and Yunan (Yunyang), he arrived in Kuizhou (Fengjie) in the first year of Dali in Tang Daizong (766). Thanks to the care of Bai Maolin, the magistrate of Kuizhou, Du Fu was able to stay here for the time being, take care of the 100 hectare public land in Dongtun, rent some public land by himself, buy a 40-acre orchard, hire several employees and take part in some labor with his family. During this period, the poet's creation reached a climax. In less than two years, he wrote more than 430 poems, accounting for 30% of the existing works. During this period, his works include many famous works, such as Shuxiang, The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, Gordon, Deng Yueyang Tower and so on. One of the most famous poems is: "An De Wan Lou, all the poor people in the world are happy." And the "leaves fall like waterfalls, and I think the long river always rolls forward" in "To the Top" is a swan song.
Jiangzhou passed away
In the third year of Dali (768), Du Fu was homesick, took a boat out of the gorge, went to Jiangling first, then transferred to the police, and drifted to Yueyang, Hunan at the end of the year. During this period, Du Fu lived in a boat. Because of the difficulties of life, not only can we not return to the north, but we are forced to travel further south. In the first month of the fourth year of Dali, from Yueyang to Tanzhou (Changsha), from Tanzhou to Hengzhou (Hengyang), and then back to Tanzhou.
In the fifth year of Dali (770), Zang Jun made an insurrection in Tanzhou, and Du Fu fled to Hengzhou again. He had planned to go to Chenzhou to take refuge in his uncle Cui Kun, but when he went to Leiyang, he had to stop at Tianyi Fang when the river rose. He didn't eat anything for five days. Fortunately, the county magistrate Nie sent someone to deliver wine and meat, and was saved. Later, Du Fu had to travel more than 200 miles upstream from Leiyang to Chenzhou. At this time, the flood did not retreat, and Du Fu returned to the north with one heart. At this time, he changed his plan, went downstream and returned to Tanzhou. In the winter of the fifth year of Dali (770), Du Fu died on a boat from Tanzhou to Yueyang. At the age of 59.
Anecdotal allusions
Angry at the royal family
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, it was a great country in the world at that time. However, in this seemingly powerful country, signs of collapse have been breeding for many reasons, such as collusion. Finally, the Tang Dynasty quickly turned to the turning point of reversing the verdict-"An Shi Rebellion". When Du Fu learned of this situation, he felt that those in power only cared about their own enjoyment and ignored people's livelihood, which would definitely lead to the demise of the country. So he wrote a poem that was later selected into the famous anthology "300 Tang Poems" with indignation, that is, a seven-character long poem named "The Second Way". This poem has become a veritable "epic" because of its bold satire and profound exposure of the Yang family's extravagant life. Moreover, people have also summed up an idiom "spicy" from it, which is used to indicate that the first-class goods are arrogant and powerful.
The mystery of death
For many years, the biggest question Du Fu left for future generations was the cause of his death. The literary and historical circles put forward five theories about Du Fu's death:
First, the theory of death
Looking through Du Fu's biographies of Mo Lifeng and Tong Qiang, the book says: "Winter came and the poet fell ill. I got sick on the boat to Hengyang. ..... a superstar has fallen in this infinite loneliness. "
Second, give death.
This theory originated from Du Fu's Addendum written in the name of Li Guan in the Tang Dynasty. After this statement was put forward, scholars of past dynasties later refuted it, and clearly pointed out the biggest problem in this passage, that is, it was mentioned that Tang Xuanzong gave Du Fu a death in 770, and Tang Xuanzong died in the first year of Baoying (762).
Third, drown to death.
This theory originated from the statement that "three sages (Qu Yuan, Li Bai and Du Fu) are one water" in Du Zimei's tomb written in the name of Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty. Huai Sha three people out of the sink, this is obviously a kind of imagination without any basis.
Fourth, died of food poisoning.
Guo Moruo, a famous modern scholar, put forward this statement, which is also speculative, and there is almost no literature as the basis of pure personal literature creation.
Five, died of indigestion
Du Fu's death is closely related to hunger. After leaving Sichuan, Du Fu lived in Hunan. Because of the sudden flood, he was hungry for nine days (five days in a row). The local county magistrate rescued Du Fu by boat and entertained him with roast beef (barbecue) wine. Du Fu was a rare glutton, because he didn't eat for a long time and died of indigestion.