College students' professional cognitive practice is the most important practical link after completing a certain course in the university study stage. The following is a 3000-word summary of the internship of architectural college students compiled by DL for everyone, hoping to help everyone!
First, the purpose and task of the internship:
1. By visiting actual buildings, students' understanding of architectural culture, architectural knowledge, structure and building materials will be further improved, and theoretical knowledge will be consolidated and expanded, so as to improve their learning enthusiasm.
2. By visiting the projects under construction, reading the construction drawings and comparing them on the spot, students' spatial imagination ability is further cultivated and their reading ability of engineering drawings is improved.
3, through practice, understand the construction technology of building engineering, familiar with the building structure, understand the characteristics and application of building materials.
4. Through practice, cultivate students' labor views, carry forward the style of integrating theory with practice, and lay a foundation for future construction engineering and technical work.
Second, the internship plan and internship requirements:
plan
First, understand the foundation and foundation types, structural forms and construction methods of buildings.
B, try to analyze the stress, load and transmission route of column, beam, floor and wall formwork.
C, what is the principle of concrete structure construction joint design? How to design different structural members? Such as construction joints, deformation joints, post-pouring belt, etc.
D, observe what building and decoration materials are seen in the construction site.
E. What are the connection methods for temporary cracks in brick walls? What are the requirements?
ask
A. Obey the leadership of the team leader and observe the internship discipline.
B, abide by the rules and regulations of the construction site.
C, abide by the construction operation procedures, and pay attention to site safety.
D, respect the field engineering and technical personnel and workers, and learn from them with an open mind.
Unity and friendship, help each other.
Third, the internship content and experience:
1, basis
2. Structural form.
Nowadays, the buildings mainly adopt frame structure or frame shear wall structure, and brick-concrete structure is also used but rarely used. The two construction sites we visited both adopted frame-shear structures. It is a combination of frame structure and shear wall structure, which absorbs their respective advantages. It can not only provide large space for building layout, but also have good lateral force resistance. This kind of structure is to arrange a certain number of shear walls in the frame structure to form flexible and free use space to meet the requirements of different building functions. It also has enough shear walls and considerable rigidity. The mechanical characteristics of frame-shear wall structure are a new type of stress composed of two different lateral resistance structures, that is, the frame is different from the frame in pure frame structure, and the shear wall in frame-shear wall structure is also different from the shear wall in shear wall structure.
There are many types of buildings. There are brick-concrete structures, frame-shear wall structures, frame-shaped columns, and combinations of frame and brick-concrete structures. The frame structure has a large span and is suitable for public buildings, mainly used in shopping malls and hotels in the famous wealth garden. Frame special-shaped columns are mainly used in residential buildings. The special-shaped column is the same thickness as the wall, which can effectively improve the space utilization rate of the building while ensuring load-bearing and earthquake resistance. Therefore, this form is widely used in high-rise residential buildings. Multi-storey houses generally adopt brick-concrete structure. The seismic performance of this structure is not as good as that of the frame structure, so the height of the house is limited. For example, the lower floors of some buildings are shopping malls and the upper floors are residential buildings. If the residential floor is not high, the combination of frame and brick-concrete structure can be adopted. If there are many floors in the superstructure, is it suitable to use frames? Structural form of shear wall.
3. Construction joints, deformation joints and post-cast strip.
Construction joint: a joint formed by planned interruption of construction due to the limitation of construction technology, which is called construction joint. Because the concrete structure is poured in layers, the gap between this layer of concrete and the upper layer of concrete is the most common construction joint. So it's actually not a seam, but a face. Because the joint surface formed by concrete pouring is prone to various hidden dangers and quality problems, different structural projects need to treat construction joints with caution.
Deformation joints include expansion joints, settlement joints and seismic joints. Their function is to ensure that the house has a certain degree of freedom of expansion and contraction when the normal temperature changes, the uneven settlement of the foundation or the earthquake, and to prevent the wall from cracking and structural damage. Post-pouring belt is a method to replace deformation joints of high-rise buildings. Its practice is to leave a gap with a width of 800mm ~ 1000mm every 30m ~ 40m, and not to pour concrete for the time being. Lap joints can be used for reinforcement in joints. When the load is almost stable, concrete is usually poured two months after the structure is capped. Post-cast strip is used for buildings with a building length of more than 50 meters. When the building is less than 50 meters in length and is a frame structure, in order to ensure the integrity and certain rigidity of the building, unit walls are set to increase the integrity and rigidity of the building.
The construction technology of post-pouring belt has particularity. A. When it is necessary to set up post-cast strip for construction reasons, it shall be determined according to the specific structural shape of the project, and the design position shall be approved by the design institute.
B, the retention time of post-cast strip. Should be determined according to the design requirements, when there is no design requirement, it should be no less than 40 days; Under the condition of not affecting the construction progress, it should be kept for 60 days.
C. protection of post-cast strip. After the post-cast strip of foundation pile cap is reserved, protective measures should be taken to prevent garbage and sundries from falling into it. Protective measures can be covered with wooden cover plates on the skin steel bars on the bearing platform, and both sides of the cover plate should be more than 500 mm wider than the post-cast strip. The vertical post-pouring zone of basement exterior wall can be protected by bricklaying. The beam bottom formwork and beam slab support frame on both sides of the floor post-cast strip shall not be removed.
4, constructional column
In the design of brick-concrete structure, in order to strengthen the spatial stiffness and integrity of the building, so as to avoid or reduce the damage of the building in the earthquake, according to the seismic code, we set up a certain number of ring beams and constructional columns to enhance and improve the tensile and crack resistance of the building. Provisions on the setting position of constructional columns: The code stipulates that no matter how many floors of the building and the seismic fortification intensity, it should be at the four corners of the external wall, the junction of the horizontal wall and the vertical wall at the staggered position, the two sides of the larger hole, and the junction of the external wall and the internal horizontal wall of the large room. The four corners of the stairwell are best set. The parapet of the master's roof should also be set with constructional columns. For long-span beams, if battlements or cushions are not provided, constructional columns should also be provided. In the frame shear wall structure, in order to strengthen the integrity of the block partition wall, structural columns or ring beams should be set at the appropriate position of the block partition wall, which is the same as the brick-concrete structure.
The major of architectural engineering is a highly practical subject. Cognitive practice is an important teaching link in the teaching plan. Its purpose is to learn practical knowledge about this major through practice and enhance perceptual knowledge to supplement the deficiency of classroom teaching. As a college student who has just touched a little professional knowledge, it is unrealistic to directly touch some advanced professional knowledge before studying professional courses. Now I can only have some perceptual knowledge of my major from practice, so as to lay a solid foundation for future professional courses.
Summary: In the internship process, with the help of our internship instructors and engineers and technicians, we all achieved:
(1) Strictly abide by the practice discipline and relevant rules and regulations of the practice site;
(2) Strictly abide by the schedule during the internship;
(3) record the construction situation,
Experience.
During this week, we came into contact with a lot of knowledge about civil engineering:
1, understand the structural form, structural characteristics, construction method, bearing method, construction method, seismic grade, etc. Architectural;
2. Understand the foundation and foundation types, structural forms and construction methods of buildings;
3, understand the building wall type, structural layout, detail structure and structural characteristics;
4. Understand the types of building slabs, beams and columns, reinforcement methods and their connection structures with walls and beams, as well as the characteristics of floor, roof structure and roof structure;
5. Understand the detailed structure of building stairs and balconies;
6. Understand the architectural decoration structure;
7. Understand the specifications, labels, characteristics and use requirements of main materials such as cement, brick, sand and steel bar;
8, understand the mixture ratio of concrete and mortar, label, equipment used in the production process and maintenance requirements;
9, understand all kinds of steel processing and brick-concrete structure construction technology, construction technology of cast-in-place components;
10, construction coordination and technological requirements of building engineering and installation engineering, and construction coordination and technological requirements of civil engineering and installation engineering;
Through this internship, I have an intuitive understanding of the on-site construction and management of building projects, enhanced my perceptual knowledge of the basic theories and professional knowledge I have learned, and comprehensively used my knowledge to ask engineers some problems encountered in the project; And in this internship, I have a more realistic understanding of the responsibilities and functions of all parties in the construction project, and deeply understand various restrictions and practical problems in the engineering construction.
For example, the binding of steel bars requires the binding of the underlying foundation steel bars first, and the number of joints per span of steel bars is only 25%, that is, four steel bars have only 1 joint. In addition, the joint should be located in the compression zone as far as possible. In the process of building walls, if there are corners or intersections between walls, the two walls should be built together. In the process of leaving a gap, you can leave an oblique gap. If you want to leave a straight seam, you must leave a straight seam, with Rachel bars, but not a negative seam. In the process of concrete construction, we should pay special attention to the mixture ratio of concrete and pay attention to the hot curing.
What I saw and heard on the construction site further stimulated my love and yearning for this major, and also made me deeply realize that if I want to make a difference in the construction industry, I should make more efforts not only in theory but also in practical application. At the same time, I deeply feel a kind of responsibility, and hope that through my own efforts, I will contribute my strength to the socialist modernization of the motherland and realize my own value. In this internship, we have made progress in all aspects. I believe this internship will be of great help to our future study and life! Thinking: Looking forward to the future, construction projects will face many new things and challenges.
The land and resources available for living, living and farming on the earth are limited, but the speed of population growth is accelerating. In order to survive, human beings must develop new habitable spaces. Therefore, the future goal of architectural engineering is to strive for more living space for mankind. High-altitude extension, that is, the development of buildings to high-rise, more and more high-rise buildings will rise; Develop underground and maintain underground buildings. In the future, the buildings built underground by human beings may not be worse than those built on the ground. Broaden to the ocean, the use of the ocean by human beings is still very limited. Most of the earth is ocean, and making full use of the space of the ocean can greatly increase the living space of human beings. March into the desert; No matter China or abroad, there are vast deserts, which are not suitable for living because of the lack of water resources. Entering space, with the great development of science and technology, it is not impossible for human beings to dream of developing into space.
No matter which direction it develops, it is inseparable from building materials. Just like the historical development of construction engineering, the future of construction engineering can not be separated from the development of construction engineering materials, which will still lead the construction engineering to a brilliant future. At the same time, the awareness of "green, environmental protection, energy saving, intelligence" and sustainable development has been recognized and accepted by more and more people. For example, in terms of sustainable development, the materials used in construction projects will inevitably use less pollution and reusable materials, such as fiber polymers. As far as the use function of structures is concerned, intelligent buildings and bionic buildings will have more room for development than ordinary buildings today. These two buildings are people-oriented in function, comfortable to use, energy-saving in cost and can improve the utilization rate of the project. In recent years, due to the frequent occurrence of disasters, improving the resilience of structures has become the primary topic of structural development. Future construction projects may not only resist earthquake and wind, but also resist violence, tsunami, fire, collision and radiation. In short, the future buildings must follow the sustainable development route of "green, environmental protection, energy saving and intelligence" and more scientific and reasonable construction project management. I believe that building engineering will have a brilliant future.
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