"Chen Bei Lee, meet the client."
Shortly after Duan's downfall, Feng warlord Zhang Zhanling came to Beijing. Shen, nicknamed "Guiguzi" by his colleagues at Peking University for his resourcefulness, rushed to Comte Middle School, quietly called Li out of the classroom and said to him with a dignified face, "Tell your father to be careful. Zhang's red beard is a killer! "
Li's father is Li Dazhao, Shen's old colleague in Peking University, and the supreme leader of the northern region of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
Li Dazhao was born in Daheituo Village, Hujiatuo Township, Laoting County, Hebei Province,1889 10. 1899, according to local customs, Li Dazhao, aged 10, married Zhao Renlan, a girl next door, aged 16. 1907, Li Dazhao went to Tianjin and was admitted to Beiyang Law and Politics College, where he studied from preparatory courses to regular courses until he graduated in 19 13. After graduating from Tianjin Law School, Li Dazhao "still felt lack of knowledge, but with the help of friends and friends, he went to Tokyo, Japan to study abroad and entered Waseda University to study politics". After returning to China, Zhang recommended Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University, as the director of Peking University Library after 19 18, and his life settled down.
After studying abroad for three years, Li Dazhao felt that the country was in danger and began to seek ways to save the country. 19 18 winter, participated in the editor-in-chief of New Youth, and founded Weekly Review with Chen Duxiu and others to widely introduce and publicize Marxism.
19 19 In July, Li Dazhao wrote My View on Marxism, which systematically introduced the October Revolution and Marxist historical materialism. "Look at the future world, it must be the world of red flags!" Li Dazhao's passionate cry has influenced a large number of young people of the times. One of them is a young man from Shaoshan, Hunan. As an ordinary staff member of Peking University Library, he often asks the librarian Li Dazhao for advice and is deeply influenced by it. He is a young Mao Zedong.
1920 In March, Wei kinski, director of the Far East Bureau of * * * International Group, and others came to China and found Li Dazhao first. Through in-depth conversation with Wei kinski, the two reached an agreement on the establishment of the producer of China. Later, Li Dazhao introduced Wei kinski to Shanghai to meet Chen Duxiu, thus starting the great feat of "South Li, meeting to found the party".
1920 in may, when Chen Duxiu and others were preparing for the founding of the party in Shanghai, considering the name of the party, they couldn't make up their minds at the moment, so they wrote to Li Dazhao for advice. Li Dazhao clearly answered: it is called the * * * production party.
Help reorganize the Kuomintang and lead the March 18th petition.
After the first National Congress of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Beijing Local Committee of the Party was established in Beijing, and then the North District Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, all under the leadership of Li Dazhao. 1In August, 922, Li Dazhao attended a special meeting held in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at the West Lake in Hangzhou to study the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Li Dazhao agreed with the instructions of * * * Production International, and advocated that * * * should produce party member to join the Kuomintang and help Sun Yat-sen reorganize the Kuomintang. After frequent contact, Li Dazhao and Sun Yat-sen established a close friendship.
Sun Yat-sen personally presided over the League, introduced Li Dazhao to join the Kuomintang in his personal capacity, and entrusted Li Dazhao, Liao and Bao Luoting to be jointly responsible for the reorganization of the Kuomintang. 1924 1 month, the first Kuomintang congress was held in Guangzhou. Sun Yat-sen appointed five KMT elders, namely Hu, Wang Jingwei, Lin Sen, Xie Zhi and Li Dazhao, to form the presidium and take turns as the chairman of the congress. After Li Dazhao returned to Beijing, he quickly helped to establish the Kuomintang party departments in Beijing, Tianjin, Zhili and other places, which promoted the development of ethnic cooperation in the north.
Beiyang warlords are ignorant and afraid of "red". They called Sun Yat-sen "South Pool" and Li Dazhao "North Pool" and ordered the arrest of Li Dazhao many times.
1At the beginning of March, 926, Feng Jun landed in Dagukou, Tianjin with warships to fight against Feng Yuxiang's national army. As a result, the national army blocked the port. On March 12, two Japanese warships sailed into Dagukou, followed by several Fengzhi warships. The national army immediately stopped it with semaphores and issued an empty gun warning. Deliberately provocative Japanese warships suddenly shelled Dagukou, killing and injuring many national army officers and soldiers.
The Dagukou incident angered the people of China. On March 18, 2008, organized by Li Dazhao and the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, more than 10,000 people in Beijing 10 held a demonstration against the ultimatum of the G-8 special envoy, and organized a petition group of more than 2,000 people to petition the Duan administrative government. Duan continued to kill and ordered the military and police to shoot unarmed petition representatives. At that time, there was blood all over the ground in front of the government of Tieshi Hutong, causing numerous casualties. This is the "March 18th" tragedy that shocked China and foreign countries. Lu Xun called it "the darkest day since the Republic of China".
After the 318 tragedy, Beijing was in a state of white terror. 1at the end of March, 926, Li Dazhao and others accepted the suggestion of Soviet comrades and moved the leading organs of the two parties in Beijing to the old Russian barracks in the west courtyard of the Soviet embassy in Dongjiaominxiang. Li Dazhao alone shoulders the heavy responsibility of leading the revolutionary struggle between the two parties in the northern region.
He was working at his desk when the gunfire rang.
1In April, 926, Feng Yuxiang's national army retreated to Nankou under the joint attack of the warlords of Zhi and Feng, and Zhang occupied Beijing, becoming the "last emperor" of Beiyang warlords-Commander An. Shen was very worried about his old friend Li Dazhao, so he hurried to find Li and asked him to tell his father to pay attention to his personal safety. It is best to leave Beijing temporarily.
Li returned home and told his father what Shen had said. Li Dazhao said quietly to Li, "When you see Uncle Shen again, tell him that you thank him for his concern. It is not difficult to leave Beijing, but you can't leave without working. "
Sure enough, shortly after Zhang occupied Beijing, he killed Shao Piaoping, editor-in-chief of Beijing Daily, and Lin Baishui, president of Social Daily, on charges of "propagating * * *" red production. Everyone in Beijing felt nervous and was silent.
Li Dazhao is a thorn in the side of reactionary warlords. According to the provisions of the "Xin Chou Treaty" imposed on the people of China by imperialism, China military and police are not allowed to enter the embassy district of Dongjiaominxiang at will, let alone carry weapons. In order to find out the whereabouts of Li Dazhao, the Shi Jing Police Department sent a large number of spies disguised as rickshaws and small traders to peep at the gate of the old Russian barracks next to the Soviet Embassy every day. Yan Zhenshan, an underground party member who is in charge of traffic work around Li Dazhao, and Zhang Quanyin, a chef, were secretly arrested by secret agents.
1one day in September, 926, Wu Yuwen, the detective director of Shi Jing Police Department, received an order from Chen Xingya, the police director, asking him to immediately send someone to the northern suburb police station to hear the case of the * * * production party. Wang He, the captain of the second investigation team, and Yang, the captain of the fourth investigation team, were sent to the northern suburb police station. They saw the police interrogating and torturing a man. The police chief in the northern suburb told Wang Heyang that the man was caught distributing leaflets in the street. After Wang and Yang's torture and "persuasion", the man finally admitted that his name was Li Bohai and he was an underground party member. Li Bohai defected to the enemy, "giving up the information of Li Dazhao hiding in the Russian Embassy in Dongjiaominxiang and other * * * party member lists".
After conspiring with imperialism, Wu Yuwen led a large number of military and police officers into the embassy district of Dongjiaominxiang in the early morning of April 6, 1927. 10 big men embrace together, use their bodies as wooden stakes, and forcibly open the door. Gamback, a staff member of the Soviet Embassy, stopped him, pulled out his pistol and fired a shot into the air. The military police seized Gamback and swarmed in.
Li Dazhao was working at his desk in the back room when the gunfire rang. Xinghua, the eldest daughter, is sitting on a long wooden chair outside the house reading a newspaper, and taking Yan Hua, the youngest daughter, for a walk in the hospital. Hearing the sharp gunfire, Xinghua threw down the newspaper in horror and threw himself into his father's arms. Li Dazhao remained calm and comforted his daughter and said, "Nothing, don't be afraid." After that, he took his daughter's hand and walked into a secluded room on the east side of the second floor of the north building of the barracks. He sat in a chair and pulled his daughter to his side.
In a short time, there were messy footsteps outside the house, and a group of policemen and gendarmes rushed in with Yan Zhenshan, who had been arrested some time ago. An undercover agent pointed to Li Dazhao and asked Yan Zhenshan, "Who is he? Do you know him? "
Yan Zhenshan shook his head and said, "No."
Wu Yuwen stepped forward and smiled and said, "You don't know him? I know him. He is Li Dazhao! " The military police forcibly arrested more than 30 people, including Li Dazhao, Lu Youyu and Tan Zuyao, and also took away two daughters of Zhao Renlan and Li Dazhao.
Li Dazhao was the first to walk on the gallows calmly.
Li Dazhao spent 22 days in prison from arrest to death. The enemy interrogated him many times. In order to force Li Dazhao to confess, the enemy used many kinds of torture on him, such as electric chair, tiger stool, poking fingers with bamboo sticks ... Finally, the nails on his hands were brutally pulled out. Li Dazhao was indomitable and didn't reveal any secrets of the party to the enemy. In order to protect other comrades who were arrested at the same time, Li Dazhao also wrote a "prison self-report" with bloodstained hands, calling himself "fully responsible" and asking the enemy to "show mercy to these patriotic youths and not implicate them." Li Dazhao proudly wrote in the readme: "Zhao Lizhi worked hard for the cause of national liberation, doing what he believed and what he knew."
The enemy turned to softening and temptation. Zhang's chief of staff personally. As a fellow villager, he persuaded Li Dazhao to surrender and promised a senior official: "Mr. Li, as long as you are willing to work for Zhang Dashuai and Wu Dashuai, your official position is above me."
Li Dazhao replied contemptuously: "Zhang is a vicious son and Wu is a mess." How can I help them? " . A gentleman was born in the world, preferring coarse cloth to keep out the cold, coarse grains to be meat, and walking safely to be a car. Even if he is beheaded and bleeds, he should keep integrity! "
The arrest of Li Dazhao shocked the whole country. Party organizations, workers, intellectuals and progressives from all walks of life tried their best to rescue them. On April 10, Peking University and other nine universities in Beijing jointly assumed that Yu Wencan, president of Peking University, and Zhang Wei, president of Normal University, were representatives, and submitted opinions to the heads of Beijing municipal government and departments, demanding: "(1) Please release the students who have not yet been released; (2) Students who think that the circumstances are serious, please be lenient and no longer implicated; (3) Li Dazhao is a scholar, please submit it to the court for trial according to law; (4) Li Dazhao's wife and daughter, please release them immediately ... "
In order to rescue Li Dazhao, the press also created public opinion. On April/0/5, The World Journal published a letter from Li Hongxia, a citizen, to Zhang Xueliang, listing the reasons for asking Li Dazhao to forgive in article 10, in which article 8 wrote: "Besides, Li's personal character still has a capacity for drinking. I don't wear fur coats in winter, and I don't ride rickshaws all year round. In order to help poor students, I spend all my time studying and studying all kinds of knowledge at my desk all day ... "
In the face of strong pressure from all walks of life and public opinion, Zhang once wavered and hesitated. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek, who defected to the revolution, personally intervened to add fuel to the fire and sent a secret telegram to Zhang, demanding the execution of Li Dazhao.
In order to win the support of imperialism, he joined hands with Chiang Kai-shek and ordered the killing of Zhang.
Photos left by Li Dazhao before his death, with pleasant eyes, with an easy grace, as usual. Li Dazhao was the first to walk calmly to the gallows. The vicious and despicable enemy twisted Li Dazhao three times in 28 minutes to torture him. Li Dazhao was only 39 when he died.
1in March, 949, Mao Zedong returned to Beiping City, where he had been away for many years, and said with great emotion to his comrades around him, "Thirty years ago, I ran for the truth of saving the country and the people. Not bad, I suffered a lot, and I met a great man in Peiping, that is, Comrade Li Dazhao. With his help, I became an Marxism–Leninism native. He is my real teacher. Without his guidance and teaching, I still don't know where it is. "