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General situation of graduate students
Graduate students are divided into master students and doctoral students. In China, according to the different management of student status, it can be divided into academic education and non-academic education. Non-academic education is the responsibility of the the State Council Academic Degrees Committee Office. After graduation, students only have academic certificates but no academic certificates. Postgraduate enrollment in the Department of College Students of the Ministry of Education belongs to academic education, that is, students have both academic degrees and academic certificates after studying and taking exams and passing thesis defense. Graduate students can be divided into full-time (unified recruitment) graduate students and on-the-job graduate students according to different learning styles. Graduate students are divided into master students and doctoral students. To take a master's degree, you generally need to take foreign languages, politics, comprehensive subjects (depending on the majors you apply for) and professional courses. And doctoral students don't need to take political exams.

The study of graduate students is based on the credit system. Courses, like undergraduate courses, include compulsory courses and elective courses. Generally speaking, the study period of academic graduate students is 3 years, and that of professional graduate students is 2 years. However, there are also special circumstances. As we all know, graduate students can be divided into academic graduate students and professional graduate students, so there is a difference between the two types of study years. And like a university, although the undergraduate course is generally four years, some majors will be five years or even longer, which is related to the major.

Many schools stipulate that if you complete the required credits in advance and meet certain conditions, you can apply for early graduation. According to the regulations, the study period of in-service postgraduate students can be extended by one year accordingly. The types of graduate students in China are complicated and can be divided from the following angles. At present, the Ministry of Education has issued a notice, proposing to adjust, optimize and recommend excellent undergraduate graduates to study for graduate students without examination. It is required that starting from 20 14, the number of exemption places will no longer distinguish between academic degrees and professional degrees, and there will be no restrictions on staying in school. The circular calls for effective protection of candidates' independent application, scientific selection of enrollment units, and merit-based admission, and maintaining a fair and competitive enrollment environment.

Candidates can apply for multiple enrollment units and majors independently and in parallel within the specified time. The recommendation work shall be completed before September 25th every year, and the acceptance work shall be completed before 10. In the recommendation stage, the admissions unit shall not sign an admission agreement with the candidates, and shall not make recommendations in the reception stage.

At the same time, the Ministry of Education has established the "information disclosure and management service system for recommending outstanding undergraduate students to study for master's degree without examination" as a unified information filing platform and online admission system. All exemption students fill in the application in the system, receive and confirm the notice of re-examination and enrollment units to be admitted, and all recommended universities and enrollment units complete the recommendation and reception through the system according to regulations. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education issued the Interim Measures for the Administration of National Scholarships for Postgraduates, and the state will set up national scholarships for postgraduates, benefiting 45,000 postgraduates, including 6,543,800 doctoral students and 35,000 master students. The national scholarship for graduate students is funded by the central government, and the award standard for national scholarship for doctoral students is 30 thousand yuan per student per year; The national scholarship award standard for graduate students is 20,000 yuan per student per year. The national scholarship for graduate students is reviewed once a year, and all full-time graduate students who meet the prescribed conditions are eligible to apply.

The Interim Measures for the Administration of National Scholarships for Postgraduates also clearly stipulates that postgraduates with postgraduate qualifications should apply for national scholarships as postgraduates before registering as doctoral students or passing doctoral qualification examinations. After registering as a doctoral student, or passing the doctoral qualification examination, apply for a national scholarship as a doctoral student.

The Interim Measures for the Administration of National Scholarships for Postgraduates stipulates that institutions of higher learning shall issue the national scholarships for postgraduates of that year to the award-winning postgraduates in one lump sum before June 30th each year. 165438. Colleges and universities should also be responsible for recording graduate students' access to national scholarships in their student status files and issuing honorary certificates uniformly printed by the state.

The award of postgraduate scholarships has greatly encouraged graduate students who are studying for master's and doctoral degrees. This comfort will bring comfort to many families. It will also make master students and doctoral students more determined about the promotion path they choose. I. Institutions of higher learning

The 57 graduate schools approved by the Ministry of Education undertake the task of training 76% of doctors and 55% of masters in China, and play an important role in the development of graduate education and high-level scientific research in China. The name of the organization is located in provinces and cities. The universities are located in Peking University, Nanjing University of Science and Technology in Beijing, Renmin University in China, Jiangsu, Nanjing Agricultural University in Beijing, Tsinghua University in Jiangsu, Beijing Jiaotong University in Zhejiang, University of Science and Technology in Beijing, Beihang University in Anhui, Xiamen University in Beijing, and Northern Fujian. Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Shandong University Shandong University of Science and Technology Beijing China Youshi University (East China) Shandong Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing Wuhan University Hubei China Agricultural University Beijing Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Beijing Forestry University Beijing China Geo University (Wuhan) Hubei Peking Union Medical College Beijing Hunan University Hunan Normal University Beijing Central South University Hunan Nankai University Tianjin Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Tianjin South China University of Technology Guangdong Dalian University of Technology Liaoning Sichuan University Northeast China University Liaoning Chongqing University Chongqing Jilin Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Northeast Normal University Jilin University of Electronic Technology Sichuan Harbin Institute of Technology Heilongjiang Xi 'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Harbin Engineering University Heilongjiang Northwestern Polytechnical University Shaanxi Fudan. University Shanghai xidian university Shaanxi Tongji University Shanghai Northwest A&F University Shaanxi West Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai Lanzhou University Gansu East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China University of Mining (Beijing) Beijing East China Normal University Shanghai China Youshi University (Beijing) Beijing Nanjing University Jiangsu China Geo University (Beijing) Beijing Southeast University Jiangsu University of National Defense Technology Hunan Hohai University Jiangsu Second Military Medical University Shanghai Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Jiangsu Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi Second, Research Institute.

In China, not only institutions of higher learning, but also scientific research institutions and party schools can carry out postgraduate education. Article 18 of the Higher Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that "higher education shall be implemented by institutions of higher learning and other institutions of higher education" and that "with the approval of the education administrative department of the State Council, scientific research institutions may undertake the task of postgraduate education". Article 8 of the Regulations on Academic Degrees in People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "The bachelor's degree shall be awarded by an institution of higher learning authorized by the State Council; Master's degrees and doctoral degrees are awarded by institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutions authorized by the State Council. "

As of 20 14, all the research institutes undertaking postgraduate training are: Ministry of Science and Technology, China Institute of Science and Technology Information, Ministry of National Security, China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, Ministry of Finance, Beijing National Accounting Institute, Shanghai National Accounting Institute, Xiamen National Accounting Institute, Ministry of Finance, Institute of Fiscal Science, Ministry of Commerce, Institute of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Veterinary Drug Control Institute, Ministry of Water Resources, China Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Yangtze River Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Hydraulic Research and Urban-Rural Development Department, China Urban Planning and Design Institute, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shanghai Power Generation Equipment Design and Research Institute, China Atomic Energy Research Institute, China Nuclear Power Research and Design Institute, Nuclear Physical and Chemical Engineering Research and Design Institute, Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute, Beijing Geological Research Institute of Nuclear Industry, Beijing Chemical Metallurgical Research Institute of Nuclear Industry, China Institute of Radiation Protection, China Aviation Research Institute, China Aviation Research Institute 303 Institute China Aviation Research Institute 60 1 Institute China Aviation Research Institute 603 Institute China Aviation Research Institute 606 Institute China Aviation Research Institute 6 1 Institute China Aviation Research Institute 0 14 Center China Aviation Research Institute 61 3 Institute China Aviation Research Institute 623 Institute China Aviation Research Institute 624 Institute China Aviation Research Institute 63 0 Institute China Aviation Research Institute 63 1 Institute China Aviation Research Institute 636 Development Co., Ltd. China Aviation Research Institute 608 China Aviation Research Institute 609 China Aviation Research Institute 627 China Aviation Research Institute 626 China Aviation Research Institute 628 China Aviation Research Institute 304 China Airlines. Institute 6 18 China Aviation Research Institute 640 China Aviation Research Institute 602 China Aviation Research Institute 6 1 0 North China Computer System Engineering Research Institute China Ordnance Science Research Institute xi 'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Inner Mongolia Metal Materials Research Institute Xi 'an Applied Optics Research Institute Kun Physics Research Institute Southwest Technical Physics Research Institute North Automatic Control Technology Research Institute China North Vehicle Research Institute Xi 'an Electromechanical Information Institute Shaanxi Applied Physical Chemistry Research Institute Northwest Electromechanical Engineering Institute Xi 'an Modern Control Technology Research Institute Xi 'an Electronic Engineering Institute Southwest Automation Research Institute Shandong Province Nonmetallic Materials. Institute The First Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation The Second Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation 7 10 The Ninth Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation 1 6 Third Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Third Institute 8357 China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Third Institute 8358 China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Fourth Institute 42 China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Fourth Institute 504 China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Fifth Institute 5 10 China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Ninth Institute 77 1. Eleventh Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Sixth Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation 1 1 Shanghai Aerospace Technology Research Institute China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation 06 1 Base Telecommunication Science and Technology Research Institute Telecommunication Science and Technology First Research Institute Telecommunication Science and Technology Fourth Research Institute Telecommunication Science and Technology Fifth Research Institute Wuhan Institute of Posts and Telecommunications China Ship Research Institute Wuhan Digital Engineering Institute China Ship Research and Design Center Hangzhou Applied Acoustics Institute China Ship Science Research Center China Ship and Ocean Engineering Design and Research Institute Shanghai Ship Equipment Research Institute Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute Harbin Ship Boiler Steam Turbine Research Institute Jiangsu Automation Research Institute. Tianjin Institute of Navigation Instruments Xi 'an Institute of Precision Machinery Zhengzhou Institute of Electromechanical Engineering Luoyang Institute of Ship Materials Wuhan Institute of Ship Electric Propulsion Device Huazhong Institute of Optoelectronic Technology Wuhan Institute of Ship Communication Wuhan Second Institute of Ship Design Shanghai Institute of Ship Electronic Equipment, Dalian Institute of Measurement and Control Technology, Handan Institute of Purification Equipment, China Railway Corporation, Railway Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Highway Research Institute, Ministry of Culture, China Academy of Art, State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, China Film Art Research Center, National Health and Family Planning Commission, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China-Japan Friendship Institute of Clinical Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Geriatrics, China Meteorological Bureau, China Institute of Meteorological Science, State Oceanic Administration, First Sea. Institute of Oceanography Second Institute of Oceanography Third Institute of Oceanography National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center National Ocean Technology Center China Seismological Bureau China Seismological Bureau Geophysics Institute China Seismological Bureau Geology Institute China Seismological Bureau Lanzhou Seismological Institute China Seismological Bureau China Seismological Bureau Earthquake Prediction Institute China Seismological Bureau Engineering Mechanics Institute China Seismological Bureau Geostress Institute National General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine China Metrology Institute State Forestry Bureau China Forestry Environmental Protection Department, Scientific Research Institute, china environmental science Research Institute, State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China Food and Drug Administration, China Institute of American Food and Drug Administration, State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, China Academy of Surveying and Mapping, state administration of traditional chinese medicine Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National School of Administration, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing graduate department China Academy of Social Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China Petrochemical Group Beijing. Petrochemical Research Institute China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Corporation China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute State Grid Corporation China Electric Power Research Institute State Grid Electric Power Research Institute China Electronics Technology Group Corporation North China Computing Technology Research Institute Beijing Vacuum Electronic Technology Research Institute Hebei Semiconductor Technology Research Institute Nanjing Electronic Technology Research Institute China Radio Wave Propagation Research Institute Nanjing Electronic Devices Research Institute Southwest Communication Research Institute East China Computing Technology Research Institute Shijiazhuang Communication North China Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products, Changchun Institute of Biological Products, China Sinosteel Corporation, Sinosteel Maanshan Mining Research Institute, Sinosteel Luoyang Refractory Research Institute, Sinosteel Tianjin Geological Research Institute, Sinosteel Wuhan Safety and Environmental Protection Research Institute, Coal Science Research Institute and Mechanical Science Research Institute. Beijing Institute of Mechanical Industry Automation, Beijing Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Foundry Research Institute, Harbin Welding Research Institute, Zhengzhou Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Material Protection, Beijing China Institute of Building Science, China Institute of Architectural Design and Research, China Metallurgical Construction Research Institute Co., Ltd. caams Beijing Rubber Industry Research and Design Institute, Light Industry Environmental Protection Research Institute, China Food Fermentation Industry Research Institute China Pulp and Paper Research Institute China Building Materials Research Institute Beijing Mining and Metallurgy Research Institute Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research Institute Beijing Labor Protection Research Institute Beijing Environmental Protection Research Institute Beijing Cardiopulmonary Vascular Disease Research Institute Beijing Municipal Engineering Research Institute Beijing Tuberculosis Chest Tumor Research Institute Beijing Traumatic Orthopaedics Research Institute Capital Pediatrics Research Institute Shanxi China Daily Chemical Industry Research Institute Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute Liaoning Shenyang Chemical Industry Research Institute Heilongjiang Middle School. Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Materials, Shanghai Institute of Internal Combustion Engine, Shanghai Institute of Chemical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Shipbuilding, Shanghai Institute of Computing Technology, Shanghai Institute of International Studies, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Jiangsu Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Zhejiang Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hubei Province, Hubei Province, Hubei Academy of Social Sciences, Changsha Mine, Hunan Province, Changsha Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Research Institute Hunan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences Yunnan Kunming Precious Metals Institute Shaanxi xi 'an Thermal Energy Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. Gansu Tianhua Chemical Machinery and Automation Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd.