Honesty means not deceiving yourself. I hate evil as much as I hate foul smells, and I like kindness as much as I like beautiful women. Only in this way can we say that our thoughts are honest and feel at ease. Therefore, people with high moral cultivation must be careful when they are alone, so that they can behave themselves.
It is not good for a villain to do nothing and do everything he can. I'm tired of seeing a gentleman. I slap him badly and slap him well. It is no good for a person to see himself if he sees his lungs and liver. This is called sincerity in the middle and tangible outside. So a gentleman must be cautious and independent.
People without moral cultivation can do anything bad when they live alone. When they meet people with moral cultivation, they hide and try to cover up their bad deeds. Pretend to do something good and try to show your virtue. In fact, other people's eyes are discerning. Seeing through these bad guys is like seeing through their hearts. So what are the benefits of this practice of hiding evil and promoting good? That is to say, what kind of practical virtue people have inside, what kind of words and deeds they will have outside. Therefore, people with moral cultivation must be cautious when they are alone, and behave appropriately even when they are alone.
Zeng Zi said, "What you see with ten eyes and what you point to with ten hands is strict!" Rich, virtuous, broad-minded and obese, so a gentleman must be sincere.
Zeng Shen said: "If a person is watched by many pairs of eyes and lit by many fingers, isn't it very serious and terrible!" Wealth can decorate houses and make them gorgeous; Morality can cultivate people's body and mind and make people's thoughts noble. Broad-minded and cheerful, the body is naturally comfortable, so people with moral cultivation must make their thoughts honest.
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2. Be careful when translating classical Chinese.
"Cautious independence" is a self-cultivation method with China national characteristics created by ancient Confucianism in China. It was first seen in The Book of Rites, The Doctrine of the Mean: "Those who are Taoist cannot leave it for a moment, and those who are not Taoist can leave it. So a gentleman is wary of what he can't see, and fear is almost unheard of. If you don't see it, you don't show it, so the gentleman is cautious. " The meanings of "Tao" and "inseparable" emphasized here are the theoretical basis for the establishment of "cautious independence"
Traditional interpretation
This explanation is widely accepted by the society, and it is literally more acceptable to the world.
Zhu explained that "the so-called sincere person: does not deceive himself, such as bad smell, such as lust, is called self-modesty, so a gentleman must be careful to be alone" and said: "Being alone is a place where people don't know but only know." People who want to practice know that their goodness is to get rid of their evil, so they should use their own strength and not deceive themselves. If you make it evil, it stinks like evil, and if you are good, it is lewd. You must seek what you will get, so that you can be satisfied with yourself quickly and you can't become a martyr. However, it is not true, and it is covered up by people who are unknown to others and people who know it alone. Therefore, it is necessary to make a judgment here. "
"Cautious independence" means that when people live alone, they can consciously and strictly demand themselves, treat their thoughts and behaviors cautiously, prevent immoral desires and behaviors, and let morality always accompany the subject.
* * * made a more popular explanation for prudence and independence. When a person works independently without supervision, it is possible to do all kinds of bad things instead of doing bad things. Whether you can be "cautious and independent" and to what extent you can adhere to "cautious and independent" is an important yardstick to measure whether a person insists on self-cultivation and the size of self-cultivation achievements. As a method of self-cultivation, "cautious independence" not only played an important role in ancient moral practice, but also has important practical value for today's socialist moral construction.
A new explanation
This explanation is the opinion of some scholars who specialize in China's ancient philosophy and Confucianism. The so-called "cautious independence" or "cautious independence" means holding or firmly maintaining the moral nature and initial heart of the self. From the perspective of kung fu, "cautious independence" means facing your own body and mind and how to "govern your body with your heart"; Facing the outside world, how to maintain moral consciousness and not be influenced by external things. From a negative point of view, "cautious independence" is a process of preventing and restraining the emergence and appearance of "self-immorality"; From a positive point of view, "cautious independence" is a process of maintaining and guarding the moral nature of "self"
Qing people advocated that "prudence" should be interpreted as "sincerity", and correspondingly, some people interpreted "independence" as "style". For example, Chen said, "the doctrine of the mean, cautious and independent words, is called sincerity." (See Wang Xianqian's Xun Ji Zi Yan Jie, Zhonghua Book Company, 1997).
Independent explanation:
"On" in "Five Elements" explains the relationship between mourning system and inner sadness that "the son of a high and strict teacher" returned to his hometown and was sent to a distant field. The poem "Looking forward to tears like rain" says: "You can lose your feathers, and then you can feel sad. Words come true. Don't say if you make a mistake. If you don't die, you can be sad When a husband loses his life, he mourns while repairing his collar. What he says is nothing more than that. Yes, it is the so-called independence. If you are alone, you will give up your body. " In addition, there are also sayings of "giving one's life to be exclusive" and "giving one's life to be cautious, which is called independence". Clearly define "heart" as "independence" or "heart" as "independence".
"Xunzi meticulous" article: "A gentleman is not good at raising his heart with sincerity, and he has achieved nothing with sincerity. Benevolence is the defense, righteousness is the change, and it is called Tiande. The sky is silent and people push up, the earth is silent and people push up, and people are silent at four points. ..... The husband is obedient and cautious about the only one. Good people are the way, and dishonest people are not alone. If they are not alone, they will be shapeless ... sincere people are also guarded by gentlemen, and the foundation of political affairs is also based on them. "
In Ming Confucianism, there are:
Liu: "The sages have said in a thousand words that the noumenon is hard, and it is always inseparable from the word' cautious independence'. This is the nature of destiny, and cautious independence is the best knowledge." (Book of Liu Ziquan, Volume 5, "What are the saints?" Prince Yangming)
"There is no ontology except independence, and there is no effort except caution." (The Book of Liu Ziquan, Volume 8, The Doctrine of the Mean)
"The power of prudence and independence can only be recognized everywhere if it is revealed to the true heart, so that everyone can shine and be in harmony with heaven and earth." (Liu Ziquan, Volume 6, Miscellaneous Interpretation of Syndrome)
Carefully explain:
Zuo Zhuan: "Keep One"
Zhou Shu: "Caution, morality is also cautious. Keep the end pure and solid. "
The "Three Virtues" in Shanghai's Bo Bamboo Slips: "A gentleman is great in virtue", "cautious in virtue" and "cautious and not lost in Tao"
The article "Smell of Success" says: "Be cautious and keep it, and those who belong to it will enter", and "Be cautious and ask yourself, and you will be smooth. ..... Therefore, a gentleman is cautious about six and often worships heaven. "
"Everything is animistic: Relieving the Old": "If you treat things outside your body today, don't mess with their spirits. True, cautious and solid. The virtue of self-cultivation is true. "
The way to be an official in Qin Bamboo Slips of Sleeping Tiger Land: "All the ways to be an official must be clean, prudent, firm, considerate and selfless."
From some of the above-mentioned use cases of caution, we can draw some important points: first, caution and defense are directly used, and caution can be interpreted as persistence (or concentration); Second, "prudence" is used together with "solidity" and "firmness", and "prudence" means firm maintenance; Third, according to the meaning of the sentence, "caution" can be interpreted as "keeping"; Fourth, "prudence" focuses on people's "heart" and "internality". According to these points, the prudence of "prudent independence" can be completely defined from the similar meanings of "keeping", "respecting", "respecting", "focusing", "holding" and "persisting", which should be the exact meaning of "prudent independence".
3. The translation of classical Chinese "A gentleman is cautious about independence" begins with Confucius' saying that "the earlier the better". Confucius said, "After I die, business will get worse and worse." Ceng Zi said, "What is it?" Confucius said, "Merchants are virtuous, doers are virtuous, and those without virtue are virtuous. I don't know my son but look at his father. " I don't know who he is, but treat him as a friend; I don't know who it is, see what it does; If you don't know the land, just look at its vegetation. So, if you live in a good place, if you enter Lan Zhi's room for a long time, you will be integrated with it; Not getting along well with people is like entering an abalone shop, but after a long time of not smelling it, it melts away. Dan hides red, and your painting hides black. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious. "Confucius said: After I die, Xia Zi will make progress and Zigong will regress." Ceng Zi asked: Why? "Confucius said: Xia Zi likes to be with people smarter than himself (so his moral cultivation will improve day by day); Zi Gong likes to get along with people who are less talented than himself (so moral cultivation will be lost day by day). You don't know what the child is like, just look at the father. If you don't know yourself, you can just look at his friends. If you don't know your master, you can look at his emissary. If you don't know the local situation, you can just look at the local vegetation. Therefore, you often spend time with people of noble character, just like bathing in growing cheese. Being with people with bad conduct is like going to a place selling abalone. After a long time, it will not stink, and it will also blend into the environment; The place where Dan was hidden turned red after a long time, and the place where pigment was hidden turned black after a long time, which was also caused by environmental impact! Therefore, a real gentleman must carefully choose his own environment.
4. The gentleman in classical Chinese carefully hides the original text: Confucius said: "Business is good for the virtuous, and giving is good for those who don't think about themselves. I don't know that my son put his father, his friends, his gentleman put his behavior, his land put his vegetation. Therefore, some people say that if you live in Lan Zhi's room for a long time, you will become one with it. If you don't live well, you will live in the abalone place for a long time. Therefore, gentlemen should be careful wherever they go. " Confucius said: Businessmen like to get along with people who speak well of themselves, while people with high status like to get along with people who are not as good as themselves. If you don't know your son, look at his father, if you don't know this man, look at his friends, if you don't know this monarch, look at his servants, if you don't know the land here, look at the vegetation growing on this land. Therefore, you should associate with people with good character. It's like entering a room full of delicate orchids, and you can't smell the fragrance of orchids for a long time, because you are integrated with the fragrance. Associating with people with bad conduct is like entering a warehouse full of smelly salted fish, and you can't smell the smell of salted fish for a long time, because you are integrated with the smell. Cinnabar must contain red, ink must contain black, and a gentleman must choose his friends carefully.
5. The translation of classical Chinese "cautious independence" is selected from the so-called sincere people in the Book of Rites, and it is not self-deception.
Such as evil stench, such as good lust 4; This is called modesty. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious and independent.
Honesty means not deceiving yourself. I hate evil as much as I hate foul smells, and I like kindness as much as I like beautiful women.
Only in this way can we say that our thoughts are honest and feel at ease. Therefore, people with high moral cultivation must be careful when they are alone, so that they can behave themselves.
It is not good for a villain to do nothing and do everything he can. I'm tired of seeing a gentleman. I slap him badly and slap him well.
It is no good for a person to see himself if he sees his lungs and liver. This is called sincerity in the middle and tangible outside.
So a gentleman must be cautious and independent. People without moral cultivation can do anything bad when they live alone.
When they meet people with moral cultivation, they hide and try to cover up their bad deeds. Pretend to do something good and try to show your virtue.
In fact, other people's eyes are discerning. Seeing through these bad guys is like seeing through their hearts. So what are the benefits of this practice of hiding evil and promoting good? That is to say, what kind of practical virtue people have inside, what kind of words and deeds they will have outside.
Therefore, people with moral cultivation must be cautious when they are alone, and behave appropriately even when they are alone. Zeng Zi said, "What you see with ten eyes and what you point to with ten hands is strict!" Rich, virtuous, broad-minded and obese, so a gentleman must be sincere.
Zeng Shen said: "If a person is watched by many pairs of eyes and lit by many fingers, isn't it very serious and terrible!" Wealth can decorate houses and make them gorgeous; Morality can edify people's body and mind and make people's thoughts noble. Broad-minded and cheerful, the body is naturally comfortable, so people with moral cultivation must make their thoughts honest.
6.7. The so-called sincere people in the classical Chinese translation of Shen Du did not deceive themselves.
Such as evil stench, such as good lust 4; This is called modesty. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious and independent.
Honesty means not deceiving yourself. I hate evil as much as I hate foul smells, and I like kindness as much as I like beautiful women.
Only in this way can we say that our thoughts are honest and feel at ease. Therefore, people with high moral cultivation must be careful when they are alone, so that they can behave themselves.
It is not good for a villain to do nothing and do everything he can. I'm tired of seeing a gentleman. I slap him badly and slap him well.
It is no good for a person to see himself if he sees his lungs and liver. This is called sincerity in the middle and tangible outside.
So a gentleman must be cautious and independent. People without moral cultivation can do anything bad when they live alone.
When they meet people with moral cultivation, they hide and try to cover up their bad deeds. Pretend to do something good and try to show your virtue.
In fact, other people's eyes are discerning. Seeing through these bad guys is like seeing through their hearts. So what are the benefits of this practice of hiding evil and promoting good? That is to say, what kind of practical virtue people have inside, what kind of words and deeds they will have outside.
Therefore, people with moral cultivation must be cautious when they are alone, and behave appropriately even when they are alone. Zeng Zi said, "What you see with ten eyes and what you point to with ten hands is strict!" Rich, virtuous, broad-minded and obese, so a gentleman must be sincere.
Zeng Shen said: "If a person is watched by many pairs of eyes and lit by many fingers, isn't it very serious and terrible!" Wealth can decorate houses and make them gorgeous; Morality can edify people's body and mind and make people's thoughts noble. Broad-minded and cheerful, the body is naturally comfortable, so people with moral cultivation must make their thoughts honest.