Charles 1809 was born in a worker's family in London, England in March. After graduating from college, he became a judge.
At that time, the traffic in London was very heavy, and the narrow roads were also very crowded. The whole road was blocked when the carriage passed by. This has greatly affected the work and life of residents. To this end, the London government decided to ask the public for advice on improving traffic.
Charles is a man who loves social undertakings very much. After becoming a judge, he has to deal with many disputes and accidents caused by traffic congestion every year. Together with many citizens, he actively participated in the ranks of suggestions for the government to solve traffic congestion.
At one time, Charles often stood on the streets of London, watching the carriages coming and going. He thought: there are few people on the horse-drawn carriage and they walk slowly, which naturally causes traffic jams. If only the means of transportation in this city were trains! But how can the train run into the city? Charles was on pins and needles to get the train into town. Once, he got up in the middle of the night to go to the toilet. He found an old face near the corner and a -R mouse outside the wall. Weisz Axis himself said, "Rats are really powerful. They can not only move on the ground, but also run underground ... "At this moment, Chris produced a spark of wisdom. It suddenly occurred to him: if the train enters the city, although it can't run on the ground, can it turn underground?
1847, after careful analysis, Charles confirmed that "letting the train into the ground" was a bold and feasible idea. He resolutely resigned from being a judge and began to design a plan to dig an underground railway in the city at home. After three years of hard work, from 65438 to 0850, Charles formally submitted a proposal to the London government to build an underground railway in the city. After a marathon argument, the London government, which delayed again and again, formally adopted Charles' proposal at 1856.
The world's first underground railway system is the Metropolitan Railway, which was opened in Britain on 1863, and its trunk line is about 6.5 kilometers long. At that time, the underground railway had to be pulled by steam locomotives because electricity had not been popularized, and because the exhaust gas released by locomotives was harmful to human health, the designers at that time had their brains wide open, and the tunnels had ventilation slots connected with the ground at regular intervals.
1870, London opened the first subway for passenger transport, crossing the Thames near the Tower of London, but this railway was not successful. After several months of operation, it was abandoned because the newly opened tower bridge in London replaced most of the passenger flow. The earliest existing subway was opened in 1890, also located in London, connecting the city center and the southern region. Initially, railway builders planned to use a cable car-like propulsion method, but in the end, electric locomotives were used to make it the first electric subway, and the subway opened in London in the early days was fully electrified at 1906. As far as other cities in Britain are concerned, the underground railway running through the city center and across mersey river was also opened in 1886, which was electrified for the first time before 1903. It is the first electrified underground railway in the world, but the underground railway has not yet become an independent urban subway in administration and operation management, but it still belongs to the Merseyside commuter railway of the British national railway network. The Scottish city Glasgow/Kloc-0 opened the subway at the end of 896; Tyne-Weil County, which belongs to Newcastle City, opened the subway 1980.
1896, Budapest, Austria-Hungary opened the first subway in continental Europe, 5 kilometers, 1 1 station, which is still in use today. Paris Metro 1900 opened. The original name of French is "Chemin de Fer Métropolitain" (French literal translation means "metropolitan railway"), which is directly translated from "metropolitan railway" and later abbreviated as "métro", so many urban rail systems are called subways. The Russian subway is also logical, but it is replaced by Cyrillic letters, called метро.
The first subway in China is the Beijing subway, which was opened in 197 1. 1 July, 965 1 day, the first phase of Beijing subway project was officially started, completed and put into operation on1June, 969, and a fire broke out due to the defect of line power supply mode. After the route transformation, it will continue to operate on 197 1 year 1 month 65438+5 days. Shanghai Metro started construction in early 1990/KLOC-0, and the first line was opened in 1993/KLOC-0. At present, it has become the largest subway network in the world.
Subway, the abbreviation of "underground railway", originally refers to the urban rail transit system running underground. However, with the development of urban rail transit system, subways sometimes lay some lines on viaducts due to the construction environment. Subway is a fast and large-capacity electric traction urban rail transit mode, which is gradually developed along the form of underground railway system.
From a professional point of view, the difference between light rail and subway is not whether the track is underground, but in grouping: choose C-type subway trains, and the rail transit line with 2 ~ 4 cards is called light rail.