Wheat: The plant stems are erect, the leaf sheaths wrap the stems, the leaves are long and lanceolate, the flowers are spike-shaped, and the spikelets have 3-9 flowers. Caryophylls are usually yellowish brown and oblate. Barley: The stem is thick and smooth, about 1 m high, the leaf sheath is loose, the base is mostly hairless or hairy, and the ears on both sides are lanceolate. When the caryopsis is ripe, it will stick to the barnyard grass and will not come out.

First of all, the difference between wheat and barley

1, with different appearance.

(1) Both ends of barley are sharp and slender, and the awn is very long, which is similar to the length of the wheat ear. Leaf sheaths are loose, supporting stems, and the base is mostly hairless or hairy. The stems are thick, smooth and erect, and the height is about 1 m. There are two lanceolate auricles on both sides. When the caryopsis is ripe, it sticks to the open space of the barn and does not come out.

(2) Both ends of wheat are round, short and round, awn is relatively short, plant stems are relatively upright, leaf sheaths wrap the stems, leaves are long and lanceolate, flowers are spike-shaped, inflorescences are erect, spikelets contain 3-9 flowers, and caryopsis is generally yellowish brown and oblate.

2, the growth environment is different

The distribution of barley is suitable for temperate zone, sub-frigid zone and subtropical zone, and the growth period is at least 90 days, which is shorter in cereal crops. Where wheat is distributed, the soil layer should be deep, the structure should be good, and the tillage layer should be deep, which is conducive to water storage and fertilizer conservation and promoting root development. You need 8- 12 hours of light every day. If the sunshine condition is insufficient, it will not pass the illumination stage and the heading will bear fruit.

3. Different values

(1) Barley is rich in nutrition, with water content 13. 1g, fat 1.4g, protein 10.2g, dietary fiber 9.9g, carbohydrate 63.4g and phosphorus 381g.

(2) Wheat is rich in protein, fat, starch, calcium, iron, thiamine, minerals, riboflavin, nicotinic acid and vitamin A, etc. Seeds contain starch 53%-70%, sugar 2%-7%, protein 1 1%, fat 1.6% and dextrin 2.

Second, the planting technology of wheat

1, farming and soil preparation

(1) Tillage and soil preparation can make the broken soil smooth, the topsoil soft, suitable for dry and wet conditions, promote the emergence of wheat as a whole, and ensure the coordinated growth of aboveground and underground parts, which is an important link to create high-yield soil conditions. The specific methods vary according to different dry land, paddy field and previous crops.

(2) The soil preparation of dryland wheat should be based on increasing the deep ploughing layer year by year. On the basis of improving water-retaining fertilizer, combined with increasing application of organic fertilizer, soil preparation is carried out according to different multiple cropping forms, such as cotton and sweet potato. If conventional methods are used, the sowing date will be delayed, which is one of the important reasons for the low yield of wheat in southwest China, such as sorghum, spring corn and tobacco. When harvesting, you should first clear the stubble with a shallow plow, and then turn the kang deeply.

(3) Wheat field preparation for multiple cropping of rice and wheat is due to long-term immersion in paddy fields, poor water permeability and soil hardening, so it is necessary to alternate dry and wet, and rotate paddy and dry crops to promote soil maturation. Before it is used as a seed-making field for late rice or hybrid rice, it should be ditched and drained when rice seeds are sown, and the thin slices should be dried in the sun. The previous crops are harvested early, so we should take advantage of the high temperature and sunny weather in early autumn, seize the suitable farming period and plough as soon as possible.

2. Less tillage and no tillage

Compared with traditional land preparation, less tillage can reduce the intensity and frequency of land preparation, and avoid unnecessary or even harmful tillage for wheat fields with wet soil, difficult tillage and easy destruction of soil structure, which is the development and perfection of wheat land preparation technology. The yield-increasing mechanism of wheat no-tillage research after rice can be summarized as follows:

(1) is beneficial to improve the sowing quality. On the premise of timely sowing, because the field is flat and the planting specifications are implemented, it is beneficial to dig holes or sow in ditches, avoid overgrowth, deep planting and exposed seeds caused by rough cultivation, and achieve uniform, neat and Miao Zhuang seedlings.

(2) Keep good soil structure and moisture, and no-tillage will not disturb the soil layer, thus avoiding adhesion caused by wet tillage and maintaining the original pores of paddy soil. Compared with ploughing, the bulk density of topsoil is 1. 15 1.20 and 1.34- 1.40, respectively, and water and gas are relatively harmonious.

(3) Strong seedlings grow early, and the yield is significantly improved. No-tillage farmland has a good soil ecological environment. At each growth stage, no-tillage has high leaf area index, strong photosynthetic capacity, increased yield per unit area by 5-20%, rapid emergence, early tillering and obvious growth advantages.

(4) Developed root system and strong lodging resistance. The number of secondary roots per plant of no-tillage is 65,438+06.0% more than that of ploughing, and the soil structure is good, which is beneficial to root development and water absorption. The pulse number increased by 63.05438 0% on the 8th day after labeling by 32p tracer at filling stage.