One: Literature and Art Common Sense Volume

1, fill in the blanks

2. The award named after the playwright in China is Cao Yu Drama Literature Award.

3.20 1 1 This year marks the 30th anniversary of Lu Xun's birth/kloc-0.

4. peacock dance is a national dance of Dai people.

The five palaces are the Forbidden City, the Kremlin, Versailles, Buckingham Palace and the White House.

5, there is a work, the literati read the Book of Changes, the Taoists read lewdness, the talented people read lingering, the revolutionaries read full lines, and the gossips read the secrets of the palace. This is a dream of red mansions.

6. The highest film award awarded by the government is the China Watch Award.

7. The person who is called "the king of rock music" in America is Elvis Presley.

8. Twelve Sainaims belong to the Uighurs.

9. Crazy Stone is the work of the sixth generation director Ning Hao.

10. The painter who is best at drawing horses in China is Xu Beihong.

2. Explanation of nouns (three unification and romanticism are the topics just mentioned in February 1 1).

1, three uniforms

Three unifications is one of the western drama structure theories, also known as "three unifications". This is a rule about the structure of drama. It was first put forward by Italian drama theorists in the Renaissance, and later defined and popularized by French classical dramatists. It is required that drama creation should be consistent in time, place and plot, that is, the story told in a play should take place within one day (one day and one night), the place should be in a scene, and the plot should obey a theme. Boileau, a French classical drama theorist, interpreted it as "a story that needs to be completed in one place and one day, so that the stage is full from beginning to end."

2. Mao dun

Mao Dun (1July 4, 896 ~ 198 1 March 27, 2008), formerly known as Shen Dehong and Yan Bing. Han nationality, Tongxiang, Zhejiang. China is a famous modern writer, literary critic, cultural activist and social activist, one of the pioneers of the May 4th New Culture Movement and one of the founders of revolutionary literature and art in China. 1896 was born in wuzhen, Tongxiang county, Zhejiang province on July 4th. This is the land of plenty in the south of Taihu Lake, and it is the most developed agricultural area in modern China. It is adjacent to modern Shanghai, and it is also a place where people gather. This has made Mao Dun brave in facing the world with an open cultural mentality and exquisite writing style. During the Cultural Revolution, I secretly wrote the sequel to Frost Leaves as Red as February Flowers and the memoir The Road I Walked. Mao Dun died on March 27th, 198 1.

3. Close-up shot

Close-ups are called portraits, and the lower edge of the picture is higher than the shoulders of adults, or a part of other subjects. Close-ups are full of pictures, closer to the audience than close-ups, and the background is secondary or even disappears. Close-ups can show the expression of the figure painting department in detail. There is a special visual feeling that is not common in life. Mainly used to describe the inner activities of characters. Actors convey their inner activities to the audience through their faces, and close-ups can give the audience a strong impression, whether it is characters or other objects. In feature films and TV series, the close-ups of props often contain important dramatic factors. In a montage of paragraphs and sentences, close-ups have the meaning of emphasis and aggravation.

4. Human comedy

184 1 year, Balzac made a grand creative plan and decided to write 137 novels, which were divided into three parts: custom research, philosophical research and analytical research. The total name is Human Comedy, which comprehensively reflects the social life of France in the19th century and writes a history of French social customs. By the time Balzac died, 9 1 novel had been completed in human comedy. The most famous of these novels are Eugenie Grandet (1833) and Gao Laotou (1835).

romanticism

Romanticism is one of the basic creative methods of literature and art, and together with realism, it constitutes the two mainstream ideological trends of literature and art. As a creative method, romanticism pays attention to the subjective inner world while reflecting the objective reality, expresses the passionate pursuit of the ideal world, and often uses passionate language, magnificent imagination and exaggerated techniques to create images. Romantic creative tendency has a long history. As early as the oral creation period of human literature and art, some works have romantic factors and characteristics to varying degrees. However, romanticism at this time did not form a trend of thought, nor was it a creative method that people consciously mastered.

Step 3 give a short answer

1. Let's talk about the increasingly popular time-travel drama. (Original title, said before the Chinese New Year holiday)

2. Talk about the artistic features of science fiction movies. (Blind spot, the teacher didn't say it, one of the mistakes)

The basic model of Hollywood science fiction movies

First, the background is diverse, but the internal logic is strict. For science fiction films, the story can happen at any time in the past, present and future, and there can be great age changes in the middle, but the time limit for the real content to be described is still very limited; Similarly, the location of science fiction story seems insignificant, but it is actually very limited. Although Hollywood sci-fi films are rich in imagination, they have the strictest logical rules, emphasizing an illusory world with unified internal authenticity and no contradiction.

Second, characterization is relatively simple. Most Hollywood sci-fi movies want the audience to focus on special effects and plots, so its characterization is relatively simple compared with other types of movies. Characters have fewer dimensions, the surface and the heart are more consistent, and the personality has not changed or just changed simply. However, this situation has also changed in recent years. Science fiction films began to pay attention to the shaping of characters' personalities, and the description of inner conflicts and contradictions of characters and the distress and difficulties in life began to intensify.

Thirdly, "trigger events" often have sci-fi factors, such as the dislocation of time, the invasion of aliens, the establishment of dinosaur parks and so on. It breaks the original balance and forces the protagonist to react. Like other types of movies, conflicts in science fiction movies include inner conflicts, interpersonal conflicts and external conflicts (including social conflicts and greater environmental conflicts), but generally speaking, the biggest conflict in science fiction movies is the conflict between people and huge environmental forces, such as natural disasters and alien invasion.

Fourth, traditional and eternal values such as the supremacy of life, the pursuit of justice and cherishing life are still respected.

Hollywood film mode

1. Surprise and curiosity

Since May, science fiction movies have been inseparable from dazzling wonders. Space, religious myths, exotic adventures, historical legends, fairy tale world ... There are all kinds of wonders and fantasies in Mei's hundreds of short films. But for Mei, the theme of science fiction is not an extension of science, but a prop to present the landscape. Mei Li 'ai's interest is not to develop movies into "narrative art". What he values more is the ability of film as a tool to present wonders. As georges sadoul commented: "May Lee Ai often surprises people with stunts. It becomes an end in itself, not a means of expression ... Mei Liyi invented syllables for future movies, but he used inexplicable spells instead of sentences to express his meaning. "

Mei Li 'ai gave sci-fi movies an indelible magical birthmark. Throughout the Hollywood film industry, from 1968 A Space Odyssey 200 1 to 1993 Jurassic Park, from 1976 Star Wars to 1999. Countless breathtaking images hit the retina of the audience again and again. Countless times, the audience thought that the wonders had reached the extreme, but a few years later, bigger wonders always roared. Perhaps, if Hollywood science fiction films lose high-tech special effects packaging, they will lose the most wonderful form; Once stripped of this form, we will find that there is little content left-in fact, the content of Hollywood science fiction films lies in form, and form is content. Complete and complete spectacle bombing.

Spectacle is one of the essence of film. In the decades since the rise of science fiction movies, the nature of seeking novelty and beauty has driven people to flood into cinemas and put a lot of money into Hollywood pockets; Hollywood, on the other hand, has also seen the talent of collecting money from science fiction movies, which has strengthened and even alienated the spectacular features of science fiction movies again and again. When the audience snores at the most incredible wonder in the world one day, it is estimated that the sci-fi director of Hollywood Visual Department can only sprinkle heroin powder in the air of the cinema, and there is no other way to stimulate the audience's nerves.

2. Science fiction

There is nothing really new under the sun, and the imagination of science fiction can't go beyond Plato's cognitive cave. The master's sci-fi movies are nothing more than the old three that have been passed down from generation to generation. The phenomenon of topic concentration in Hollywood science fiction films is particularly obvious, and the director is basically repeating the creativity of the screenwriter. Many far-reaching movies come from famous science fiction novels, or are completely adapted from original novels, or inspired by some famous plots, fragments and ideas of novels. Only the films adapted by Philip K. Dick are: blade runner by 198 1, Total Memory by 1990, Screamer by 1995, Invasion of Colony in 2002, Minority Report in 2003 and. The classic works of Asimov, a famous American science fiction writer, have also been put on a large number of screens, such as Strange Diving by 1966, Changing Man by 1999, Dusk in 2000 and I, Robot in 2004. This also reflects the limitations of science fiction movies from another side.

Unfortunately, the artistic level of science fiction movies is obviously not as good as that of science fiction. At present, the mainstream sci-fi movies are basically equivalent to the golden age of science fiction (30 to 60 years). Generally speaking, 90% of science fiction themes are concentrated on a few narrow topics, such as alien life, artificial life, space exploration, space-time anomalies, robots and so on. Looking at the sci-fi blockbusters in recent years, E.T., The Invaders of Mars, Aliens, Independence Day, The Fifth Element, Martians Around the Earth, Men in Black and so on. It's a movie about alien life. Jurassic Park, The Sixth Day and Godzilla are all films that reflect artificial life. Space Odyssey 200 1, Star Trek, Red Planet, Planet of the Apes and other films reflecting space adventures. Time machine, back to the future, space-time frequency, butterfly effect, etc. Reflect temporal and spatial anomalies; Robocop, Terminator, Mechanical Hero, Artificial Intelligence, I, Robot, etc. It reflects the theme of robots ... there are also some movies that combine several themes at the same time, such as Star Wars, which contains space adventures and alien elements, and The Matrix, which combines robots with time-space transformation and so on. But few works can jump out of this mold.

The reason is that, on the one hand, these sci-fi themes are more suitable for moving to the screen; On the other hand, from the commercial point of view, these topics have become symbols of mass consumption and box office summons, which are more likely to trigger people's expectations and enthusiasm for movies. If a movie is a little-known subject of space physics, then the director must add enough gimmicks to attract attention, such as accidentally falling into the edge of a black hole in Space Travel Adventure.

3. Flat characters

Another feature of science fiction movies is the stereotyped tendency of characterization and performance, which rarely reveals and reflects on human nature in depth.

In most sci-fi movies, there is generally an all-around superhero, and most of the positions of this superhero are occupied by men, and women are only used as decorations and foil. For example, Neo in The Matrix, Jon in Minority Report, and Detective Spooner in I, Robot ... They are born with agility and wisdom that ordinary people can't match, and they can always turn the tide at critical moments.