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That was more than half a century ago. 1948,51years ago in the autumn, Jinan had just been liberated from the bloody rule of the Kuomintang, and the dark clouds of war had not completely dispersed over Jinan. From time to time, Kuomintang planes flew in from Qingdao or Xuzhou, dropped several bombs or hit a machine gun at Jinan, which was still at war, and buzzed away, as if to replace Chiang Kai-shek to pay tribute to this city that never belonged to the Chiang family dynasty. At that time, Beijing, Tientsin, Tsingtao and Xuzhou were still not liberated, and the Armageddon between China People's Liberation Army and Chiang Kai-shek's army was still raging in the major battlefields in Northeast China, North China, East China and Northwest China. It is in this context that East China University of Military and Political Affairs moved to the newly liberated Jinan and began to recruit new students.
East China Military and Political University during the War of Liberation was a revolutionary university that inherited the Red Army University during the Agrarian Revolution and the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University during War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 1946 165438 was established in east China after the third revolutionary civil war started in June. The principal of this school is General Zhang, and the vice principals are Liu Qingming. East China Military and Political University has run three phases since its establishment, and enrolled students in Jinan in June 1948+00 as the fourth phase. However, the fourth phase is slightly different from the first three phases: the first three phases are all platoon, company and battalion cadres of demobilized troops, while the fourth phase is young students and unemployed intellectual youth recruited in Jinan.
After the liberation of Jinan in September, 1948 East China University of Military and Political Affairs, bethune medical school and the newly established East China University moved from the old liberated areas to Jinan. In June, 1948, 10, these universities advertised enrollment in Popular Daily, North China News and New Democracy. These job advertisements immediately attracted a large number of young intellectuals. At that time, Jinan had been an "island" for a long time, and most cities around Jinan had been liberated. Unemployed young intellectuals from all counties gathered in Jinan and stumbled on the streets of Jinan. Now, suddenly seeing so many universities enrolling students and providing accommodation, they have signed up for exams. Because I have always admired the Eighth Route Army, I chose East China Military and Political University, and I was admitted in one fell swoop. More than 1200 people passed the exam with us at the same time.
The campus of East China Military and Political University is temporarily located in the barracks of Zhangzhuang Airport (now Aviation College) in the western suburbs of Jinan. Classrooms and dormitories are barracks for old China soldiers. There are no decent classrooms, no necessary teaching AIDS and instruments, and few books. It is a typical "anti-big money" faction.
According to the regulations of East China University of Military and Political Affairs, all students admitted to this school have the military status of China People's Liberation Army, and enjoy the treatment of China People's Liberation Army in life and politics. However, at that time, it was a supply system, and the so-called "treatment" was just the supply of clothes and rice. In life, according to different levels, meals can be divided into three types: "small stove", "medium stove" and "big stove". Enjoy the "small kitchen" above the division level, enjoy the "medium kitchen" at the regiment level, and the officers and men below the company level eat the "big kitchen". Young intellectuals who have just been admitted to East China Military Academy are naturally below the company level, so they eat from the same pot. The staple food of "Jujube" is dried millet, rice and wowotou, and the non-staple food is generally cabbage and radish. Only on Sundays or holidays can we improve our life and eat white flour steamed bread or homemade jiaozi. Compared with today, this kind of life is naturally inferior, but at that time, I'm afraid it was more than most farmers in China. As for dressing, they are all coarse military uniforms, with single clothes for one year and cotton-padded clothes for three years. In addition to the two "benefits" of eating and dressing, each person is also given a living allowance (about one yuan) equivalent to one catty of pork every month, and women are also given a "health care fee" equivalent to one catty of pork every month. Before 1950, these two kinds of treatment for members of the China People's Liberation Army remained basically unchanged. Because our young intellectuals have lived in misery for many years and never enjoyed a superior life, we don't think this kind of life is more difficult than our past life.
Let's talk about the learning situation of freshmen who have just been admitted to East China Military University. According to the regulations of the military academy enrollment brochure, the admission qualification must be young men and women with junior high school education or above, aged between 16 and 26 years old. Because of the flexibility of age and academic qualifications, junior high school students, senior high school students and even individual college students have signed up for the exam. At that time, East China Military University did not have too low academic requirements for freshmen, because there were few middle schools at that time, and most counties in Shandong Province did not have middle schools. Before the mid-1930s, there were only 13 provincial junior high schools and one senior high school in Shandong Province, that is, Jinan Senior High School, and there were often no students who had attended middle schools in several villages. How to arrange classes for newly recruited students of East China Military University with such uneven levels? Formally speaking, East China Military University has also set up many departments, such as literature and art department, political department, military department, medical department and financial training department. In fact, according to today's standards, it can only be regarded as a training course for rapidly cultivating cultural, political, medical and financial talents, because it only requires students to have general professional knowledge in order to train cadres for a large number of newly liberated areas as soon as possible. Because of this, whether you are a junior high school student, a senior high school student or a college student, you can accept its teaching content.
At that time, the East China Army was divided into preparatory courses and undergraduate courses. The so-called "preparatory course" is a compulsory course for every freshman. It needs to learn the knowledge that ordinary cadres must have at that time, such as "the history of social development", "China Revolution and China's * * * production party", "the current situation and our tasks" and so on. These contents were not available from primary school or middle school to university in old China. Therefore, no matter what school you went to in the past, you must first enter the "preparatory course" after you arrive at the military school, and then you can transfer to the "undergraduate course" after reading the "preparatory course". The so-called "undergraduate" is the major you want to study, such as medical treatment, literature and art, accounting and so on.
East China University of Military and Political Affairs didn't spend too long in Jinan, because the military situation developed rapidly at that time. By April, when a million troops of the People's Liberation Army crossed the river, 1949, the battlefields in Northeast China, North China and Huaihai had all ended successfully. East China Military and Political University is going to the newly liberated Jiangnan area to meet new tasks, so it moved to the central area of East China after the army crossed the river and became a veritable East China Military and Political University.
East China University of Military and Political Affairs has moved south, but its brand is not far from Jinan. Shortly after moving away, another military and political university-"East China Military and Political University Shandong Branch" or "Shandong Military and Political University" was established in its original campus at Zhangzhuang Airport in Jinan. The nature of this university is exactly the same as that of East China Military University. It is directly under the Shandong Military Region. Chairman is Xu, commander of Shandong Military Region, full-time vice chairman is Yang (vice governor of Shandong Province in the late 1950s), and political commissar is Gu.
East China Military University Shandong Branch was established soon, so it was convenient for 1949 to move to Zhangqiu in early winter. This is because Zhangzhuang Airport in Jinan was originally a special airport for the Kuomintang air force. After the founding of New China, it will develop its own air force. Zhangzhuang airport should run an aviation school, and the military and political university should find a new campus. 195 1 Two old barracks in the south and north of Jinan Duandian were discovered at the beginning of the year and then moved back from Zhangqiu.
The students of East China Military University Shandong Branch are basically the same as those of the general school. In addition to training platoon, company and battalion cadres of the troops under the Shandong Military Region, some educated youths have been recruited in Qingdao, Xuzhou and Jinan. In addition, there are two other people with special status who come here for training: one is an uprising officer of the Kuomintang army, and their team is called the "school official team"; The other is the "Return Brigade". The so-called "homecoming brigade" is composed of former cadres of our party and army who were captured or arrested by the enemy and returned to the revolutionary camp. These people have to go through training and find out the problems before they can be redistributed, so the team they belong to is named "Return to Travel". In this way, there are about 3000 people in various departments, ministries and brigades at the headquarters.
East China Military University, Shandong Branch1The school started at the end of 949. By this time, the war had started south of the Yangtze River and the mainland had been basically liberated. Therefore, the departments of the school are slightly different from those in the war years, including military departments, political departments, cultural and educational departments, and the military departments are subdivided into tactical departments, fortification departments and so on.
East China University of Military Affairs Shandong Branch has not been running for too long, about three years. 1952 because the mainland has been completely liberated and the war has completely ended, the training of all kinds of talents has also changed from "crash" to formal. 1952 At the beginning of the year, Shandong Military and Political University was closed and the 12th Infantry School was established at the original site. Some of the original personnel were transferred to Nanjing Senior Infantry School and some to Shenyang.
East China University of Military and Political Science entered Jinan in the autumn of 1948, and was closed in Jinan at the beginning of 1952, and existed in Jinan for about four years. Most people who have studied or worked in this school are past noon now, and many people have become ancients. Some have succeeded in their careers and become experts and scholars who have contributed to the country, and even become senior cadres (such as General Chi Haotian); Of course, some have been abandoned by the times. Big waves wash sand, stones appear, and history is ruthless and fair.
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