School fire safety knowledge
1. Why should students be given safety education?
First of all, safety education for students is the need of the current fire situation and safety work, and it is a mass basic work to improve the fire prevention ability of the whole school.
Secondly, carrying out student safety education is the need to protect the personal and property safety and legitimate rights and interests of students at school. In the event of a fire, college students are more vulnerable due to objective factors such as physiology and psychology.
Third, students in school have an important position and unique role in school safety work. 60% to 70% of school fires occur in places where people are concentrated, such as student dormitories. Students are the owners of dormitories, and they play a very important role in preventing dormitory fires. If students' awareness of fire safety is weak and they lack common knowledge of fire fighting, their ability to put out initial fires and escape, self-help and mutual rescue is low. Once a fire breaks out, it will inevitably lead to a fire with serious consequences.
Therefore, it is necessary to educate college students on fire safety and improve their awareness of fire safety.
2. Why can't high-power appliances be used in student apartments?
First of all, student apartments belong to public accommodation and involve public safety interests. The use of high-power electrical appliances can easily lead to overload of wires, increase of current and heating of wires. The more you exceed, the faster the temperature rises. The allowable temperature of wire insulation is generally 60℃. If the line is overloaded for a long time, the calorific value of the line will increase and the insulation layer will accelerate aging. When the temperature is higher than 250℃, the insulation layer will spontaneously ignite and separate from the wire, resulting in short circuit and fire accident.
Secondly, the power supply lines and distribution facilities in student dormitories are relatively weak, and objectively high-power electrical appliances are not allowed.
3. which electrical appliances are not allowed to be used in the student dormitory?
High-power electrical appliances such as electric stoves, rice cookers, electric heaters, electric blankets, electric cups, quick heating and air conditioners are strictly prohibited in student apartments.
4. Why can't you pull the wires around?
First, people who don't know the electrician's professional knowledge are prone to fire accidents because of wrong wiring or weak connection, which leads to excessive contact resistance.
Second, the design capacity of the conductor is limited, and the random connection of the conductor causes excessive load, which is easy to cause fire due to overload.
5. How to use "1 19" telephone or school alarm telephone correctly?
First, when calling the police, first of all, be calm and don't panic.
The second is to find out the fire unit, address, burning object and fire situation, and tell the fire brigade the name and telephone number of the alarm person for contact. After the alarm, I may send someone to meet the fire truck at the traffic intersection leading to the fire;
Third, we should call the police as early as possible to gain time for fire fighting and reduce losses.
The cause of the school fire
Colleges and universities have always been the key units of fire protection that governments at all levels and relevant fire departments attach great importance to. No matter what type or nature of colleges and universities, there are great fire hazards.
In addition to students and faculty, a large number of people enter the campus to engage in business and business, thus forming a hierarchical difference in college personnel groups. Some people have strong fire prevention awareness and strong fire prevention ability, while others have low fire prevention ability and do not pay attention to campus fire prevention work. In addition, it is difficult to carry out fire safety publicity, education and training in depth, and illegal acts occur from time to time, which brings great difficulties to the school's fire safety work. According to statistics, more than 80% of the fires in colleges and universities are caused by human factors. Living places such as student dormitories, sheds, and rental places for all kinds of temporary workers are fire-prone areas, and habitual violation of regulations has become one of the main factors that cause fires. What is a habitual violation? For example, if someone wants to see if there is oil in the tank, they will strike a match and ignite the gasoline in the tank, causing a fire. The root cause is that this person habitually thinks that matches can illuminate, but just ignores that open flames can cause flammable materials to catch fire. Another welder was welding an empty metal bucket, but there was a fire and explosion accident. The reason is that he neglected that the empty barrel once contained inflammable and explosive articles, and it was the articles left in the barrel that caused the fire. Others, such as smoking in bed, littering cigarette butts, stacking flammable materials near the fire source, setting off fireworks and firecrackers anywhere, wearing chemical fiber clothes and entering anti-static places. , are habitual and common. This habitual behavior seems insignificant, but it is often the root cause of major fire accidents.
Some schools have a long history, and there are many old buildings with brick and wood structures, which are full of campus culture and national culture. Some of them can be called historical sites or key cultural relics to be protected, but these buildings generally have great fire hazards. Air-dried wood structures are easily ignited by electric fire sources and domestic fire sources, and are not easy to put out. In addition, old buildings are also vulnerable to natural external forces such as lightning.
In a word, there are many laboratories and experiments in colleges and universities, inflammable and explosive materials, fire electricity, dilapidated buildings with aging infrastructure such as water supply, power supply and gas supply, many projects under construction, high personnel density, relatively scattered concentration, habitual violations from time to time, poor fire safety education and publicity, and neglect of safety management. These are the causes of the fire.
School fire escape method
1, in a fire, keep calm, observe and identify the fire as quickly as possible, make clear the degree of danger in your environment, quickly find out whether the evacuation passage is blocked by fireworks, make a correct judgment according to the fire and choose the escape route and method.
2. If the escape route is full of smoke, cover your face with a wet towel or clothes to prevent or reduce the inhalation of toxic smoke, and move forward in a low posture or low posture.
3. When choosing the escape route, the simplest and safest passage should be given priority according to the fire situation. For example, there is a fire on the floor, safety evacuation stairs, outdoor evacuation stairs, ordinary stairs and so on. You should choose first. If these passages have been cut off by fireworks, roof windows, balconies, downpipes, lightning wires, etc. You should consider running away.
Sometimes the stairs are on fire, but the fire is not big. At this time, you can wrap them in wet quilts and blankets and rush through the fire. Although people may be slightly injured, life can be avoided. In this case, make up your mind early and don't hesitate, otherwise the fire will get bigger and bigger and you will lose the chance to escape.
If the stairs are burnt out, you can escape through windows, balconies, downpipes or bamboo poles on the house. Once all kinds of passages are cut off and the fire is strong, and no one can rescue them for a while, you can close the doors and windows leading to the fire area, retreat to the room that is not on fire, and block the gaps between doors and windows with wet quilts, blankets and clothes to prevent smoke from entering. When conditions permit, we should constantly pour water on the doors and windows to cool down, delay the spread of the fire and wait for rescue. If the smoke is too thick, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and try to avoid shouting to prevent smoke poisoning; There is a lot of noise on the fire and the visibility is poor. People downstairs may not hear you when you shout. You can use a flashlight and throw small things to send a distress signal.
6. If the normal passage is cut off by fireworks, other methods are invalid, and the fire is approaching. Don't jump off the building in a hurry. If possible, first tie a rope to a solid object indoors. If there is no rope, you can also connect it with torn sheets. Then, slide down the rope or cloth and go down to a safe floor or ground. However, the safety factor and the length of rope or cloth must be guaranteed.
7. If time is too late and you need to jump off a building, you can throw some soft items such as quilts and mattresses on the ground to increase the buffer, and be careful not to stand on the windowsill and jump down. You can grasp the windowsill or balcony with your hands, and your body will naturally droop. This can not only ensure that the feet land first, but also shorten the height.
8. Children, the elderly and patients surrounded by fire should be rescued in time. You can wrap them in quilts and blankets, and then hang them down with ropes and cloth to get out of danger as soon as possible.