1, understand the true spirit of things, and understand the argumentation method of the article.

2. Learn to write a reading outline and grasp the ideological content and text structure of the article.

3. Connect with students' reality and cultivate the spirit of scientific experiment.

Teaching focus:

1 and the embodiment of argumentative writing in this lesson.

2. The significance of the governor's spirit.

Teaching difficulties:

1. Write the outline of this article.

2. Understand the difficult sentences in the text.

Teaching time: two class hours

first kind

Teaching steps:

First, introduce new lessons to stimulate interest.

Ask a student to tell the story of "Ma Su Lost Street Pavilion" in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

The teacher concluded: The story of Masu Street Pavilion tells us that no matter how good the theory is, it cannot be divorced from reality. Next, let's study the article "The Spirit of Understanding Things" written by Ding Zhaozhong, a Chinese-American scientist and Nobel Prize winner, and see his account of scientific inventions. (blackboard writing topic)

Second, methods Author: Ding Zhaozhong-(point student introduction)

Third, the exam preview:

1, the students open the "Guidance and Practice" of this lesson, and the teacher asks four students to come to the stage to write the answers of "sorting out the basic points" 1-4, encouraging students to put forward other difficult words, and teachers and students can correct them with comments.

2, the teacher added: according to the given content, find out the corresponding words in the text and write them in brackets. The teacher said, the teacher answered, and the teacher wrote the words on the blackboard. )

A, the description is very smooth, without obstacles. (smooth sailing? )

B, stay out of it, neither asking nor helping others. (Stand by and watch? )

C, I don't know what to do, describe embarrassment or anxiety. (at a loss? )

D. infer the truth of the matter. (Wu Ge)

E, walking around, hesitating, not knowing which direction to go. (hey? )

Fourth, perceive the text: point students to read the text in the order of seating, one paragraph for each, requirements: no additions, omissions or mispronunciations, and the voice should be loud and clear; After reading, the teacher asked the students to comment.

Fifth, lay a solid foundation: teachers and students jointly recall the relevant knowledge of argumentative writing to prepare for learning new lessons. Students can answer according to the words in the box at the back of the text. )

1. What are the three elements of argumentative writing? (argument, argument, argument)

2. What is an argument?

Argumentative essay is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed. In form, it is generally a complete sentence.

3. How to understand the argument?

Argumentation is the basis of proving an argument, which can be divided into factual argument and rational argument.

4. What is argument?

Argumentative writing is the process and method of proving an argument with arguments. Common argumentation methods include: case argumentation, reason argumentation, comparative argumentation, metaphor argumentation, analogy argumentation, inductive argumentation, deductive reasoning argumentation, etc. In argumentation, several argumentation methods are often used comprehensively, and only one method is rarely used.

6. Learn and use: So what's the point of this lesson? Can you outline the structure of this article? Complete the group discussion with the argumentative knowledge just reviewed. The group can recommend one representative to write the discussion outline on the blackboard, and others can write it in books or preview books. Teachers and students make the same changes. (blackboard writing)

The full text can be divided into three parts:

The first part (1-2) puts forward the question: How should China students know about natural science? Know what you want. (argument)

The second part (3- 12) analyzes the problem.

A, (3-5) Analyze the social roots of China's ignorance of knowledge. For example, proving that Wang Yangming's case is self cannot be applied to the present world.

B, (6- 10) Analyze the importance of experimental spirit in science.

C, (1 1- 12) Take "I" as an example to analyze the current situation of students in China under this cultural background.

The third part (13) solves the problem: emphasizes the significance of cultivating experimental spirit, and puts forward hope for our generation.

Seven, teacher-student interaction: study the text.

1, where did "learning from the scriptures" come from? What does this mean?

First, the "way of university" began with the "university" in the "Four Books"

B, which means to acquire knowledge from the object of exploration. The author believes that the meaning of "learning while learning" has two aspects: first, the only way to seek truth is to explore things objectively; Second, exploration should be imaginative and planned, and we should not passively stand by.

2. What is the true spirit of "governor"? Why do you have this spirit?

A, the real spirit of understanding things is to gain new knowledge through contact with things and field experiments.

B, if we lack the spirit of knowing things, what we have learned can only be obtained from books. Once faced with real experiments, we will be at a loss and unable to adapt to the present world.

3. What is the purpose of traditional education in China? What are the disadvantages of traditional education in China?

First, the purpose of traditional education in China is to adapt to the fixed social system, "to enable people to achieve sincerity, honesty, self-cultivation, family harmony and governance, so as to pursue the highest ideal of Confucianism-to level the world."

B, A Most students in China tend to be theoretical and despise experiments, preferring abstract thinking to hands-on operation. Students in China often get good grades in their homework, but when they need to make up their minds in research, they are often at a loss.

B The advantage of China's basic education is that it attaches importance to the teaching of basic knowledge and skills, but the disadvantage is that it ignores the cultivation of students' innovative spirit and practical ability. This shortcoming makes our students unable to meet the needs of the times, which affects the national rejuvenation and the future of the country.

8. Talk about the past, talk about the present: Why didn't the Nobel Prize be born in China? Talk about your reflection. How do you think a student in China should actively shape himself to win glory for his country? You can speak freely.

Nine, into the text: students can freely read the text and further into the text.

Second lesson

Teaching steps:

1. Introducing a new lesson: Mr. Ding Zhaozhong, a Chinese American scientist, told us that we should have the spirit of learning from natural science and humanities, so today we will discuss what arguments and argumentation methods he used to explain the truth.

Read the text silently: students read the text silently and look for answers in the book. (case argumentation, reason argumentation; Combination of case argument and cause argument)

Third, teacher-student interaction: continue to learn the text.

1. What is the "experimental spirit" with the sentences in the article?

The spirit of the experiment is active exploration and detailed planning.

Paragraphs 8 and 9 are all about "experiments". Can you delete a paragraph? Why?

You can't. Because the eighth and ninth paragraphs use the methods of case argument and reason argument respectively, this not only puts the facts, but also makes sense, making the argument rigorous and more convincing.

3. Is it ok to change "infrequent" to "infrequent" in paragraph 10? Why?

No "Not often" means that "breakthroughs in basic knowledge" will not happen often, but it is not impossible. If it is changed to "no", it will be absolutely.

4. Paragraph12. What does this mean?

"So" means "thinking that as long as you work hard and listen to the teacher's guidance, you can have a smooth sailing."

5. The author said: "The history of scientific development tells us that new knowledge can only be obtained through field experiments, not through introspection or philosophical empty talk." How to understand this passage? Can you give specific examples?

A: Whether you study natural science, humanities or personal actions, you should remain skeptical and rely on practice to discover the truth of things.

B, is it? Example: In order to refute Aristotle's view that the falling speed is proportional to the weight of an object, Galileo dropped two objects with the same material and different weights at the same time on the leaning tower of Pisa, Italy, proving that when objects with different weights freely fall in the air, the weight has nothing to do with the falling speed, and objects with different weights land at the same speed.

6. In order to overthrow the "geocentric theory" of the church, Copernicus read a lot of literature and history materials, and finally put forward "Heliocentrism" after long-term practical observation. Besides these examples, what other examples do you know can prove the scientific importance of experimental spirit? Everybody say it together.

Example: a, it used to be said that human beings evolved from monkeys, but Darwin discovered through fossils after a long-term investigation that human beings evolved from apes; People used to think that the sky was round, but Magellan successfully sailed around the world and found that the earth was round.

Fourth, explore the language: the use of restrictive modifiers and related words in the text greatly enhances the rigor and coherence of the argumentative language. Try to find these words and sentences in the text and discuss them with your classmates.

1, "The only way to seek truth is to explore things objectively." Why can't we get rid of the word "only"?

The word "uniqueness" points out that if you want to seek truth, you can only explore things objectively and there is no other way, emphasizing the importance of practice and exploration.

2. "A successful experiment needs foresight, courage and perseverance." Are the words "vision, courage and perseverance" interchangeable? Why?

Can't! Because a successful experiment must first choose the right goal with vision. After choosing a good goal, courage and perseverance are essential for the success of the experiment. So the positions of these three words cannot be reversed.

3. Try to compare the similarities and differences between the following two sentences.

A, the experimental process is not a negative observation, but a positive detection.

B, the experimental process is active detection.

The content of the two sentences is the same, but the expression effect is different. The related word "not" has no such expressive effect.