The school was founded in July 1958, and was relocated from Shanghai Second Medical College and aided by Anhui Medical College. In June, it was renamed as Bengbu Medical College, 1968, and merged with Anhui Medical College in September, 1970, and was renamed as Bengbu Branch of Anhui Medical College.

Bengbu Medical College, located in Bengbu City, Anhui Province, is a provincial comprehensive medical college in Anhui Province. It is the first batch of units in China with the right to award bachelor's and master's degrees, the first batch of pilot universities with excellent doctoral education and training programs, the first batch of pilot universities with innovative and entrepreneurial training programs for college students, the first batch of pilot universities with the reform of postgraduate training mode for medical master's degrees, the postgraduate universities exempted from examination by the Ministry of Education, the national innovation and entrepreneurial practice base for college students, the national off-campus practical education base for college students, and the pilot universities with the "5+3" reform of clinical medicine by the Ministry of Education. The first batch of pilot units for comprehensive reform of colleges and universities in Anhui Province, Anhui Academician Workstation and Postdoctoral Unit, are joint training units for doctoral students of Jinan University and Army Military Medical University.