Maryland is a state in the United States. The postal abbreviation is MD.
history
Early history
Human activities began in Maryland at the end of the ice age. Early humans made a living by hunting and salvaging oysters. The Indians in Maryland are mainly Algonquin-speaking tribes.
Colonial period
George karl Ford, Baron I of Baltimore, applied to King Charles I of England for a territory called Maryland Province. George karl Fort died in April 1632. The Maryland Colony was awarded to george karl Ford's son, the Baron of Baltimore. Sirius calvert Maryland got its name from Mary, the queen of Charles I.
Baron Baltimore established the Maryland colony for two purposes. The first is to provide shelter for Catholics who were suppressed in Britain at that time. The second is profitability. The Barons of Baltimore believed in Catholicism, which was socially unacceptable in Britain at that time. Baron Balmer I was therefore removed from the post of British Secretary of State. But it is impossible to develop without Protestant colonies. Finally, Baron II of Baltimore appointed his younger brother Leonard calvert as the governor of the new colony, using the influence of the calvert family on Catholics to prevent conflicts in the new colony due to religion.
1October 22nd, Leonard calvert left England with two ships, Zhou Fang and Pigeon. 1on March 25th, 634, two ships landed safely and established the town of St. Mary.
1644 Protestants rioted in Maryland, and Leonard calvert was forced to flee to Virginia.
1646, Leonard calvert returned to Maryland and established exclusive rule.
1649, Maryland passed the Maryland Tolerance Act. For the first time, the United States promulgated a written law on religious tolerance. But tolerance is based on faith in Christ.
/kloc-In the middle of the 5th century, Virginia enforced the Anglican Church, and a large number of Puritans fled to Maryland and were placed in Providence (now Annapolis). 1650, the Puritans uprising overthrew the rule of the calvert family, outlawed the Anglican Church and Catholicism, and burned down all the Catholic churches in southern Maryland.
From 65438 to 0658, the calvert family regained control of Maryland and re-implemented the policy of religious tolerance.
1708, the capital of Maryland moved from St. Mary to Annapolis.
1750, the boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania was demarcated.
During the War of Independence
At the first continental congress, Maryland opposed secession from Britain.
During the War of Independence, there was no large-scale fighting in Maryland.
Maryland's army fought bravely in the War of Independence, which earned Maryland the nickname "Old Frontier State".
Annapolis is the temporary capital of the United States from June 1783 to June 165438.
1783 65438+On February 23rd, Washington resigned as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in Annapolis.
1784 65438+1October 14, the US Congress signed the Paris Agreement in Annapolis, ending the War of Independence.
Early America
From September 1786 to September 1 1 year to June 14, the Annapolis Conference was held to discuss the American Constitution and decided to convene a constitutional convention.
The capital of the United States
After the establishment of the American government, it is necessary to determine the location of the capital. The southern States of the United States hope that the capital is in the south, and the northern States hope that the capital is in the north. In the end, the two sides reached a compromise on the location in the central United States. Finally, the location of the District of Columbia is decided by Washington. Maryland provides 6 1 square mile of land and Virginia provides 39 square miles of land. (Virginia was partially recovered on 1846. )
18 12 war
In the war of 18 12, there were two major battles in Maryland.
The first time was 18 14, the battle of Fort Bladen on August 24th. In the Battle of Fort Braddon, the US Army had 6,500 militiamen and 420 regular troops, while the British Army had 4,500 regular troops. Although the American army was superior in number, the American militia began to retreat as soon as the fighting began. A small number of regular soldiers belonging to the US Marine Corps put up strong resistance, but they were outnumbered and soon began to retreat. In the end, the battle ended in a total rout of the American army, but only 10 American soldiers died.
After the Battle of Fort Bladen, British troops entered the District of Columbia and burned down the main buildings of the US Congress and government.
British troops attacked Baltimore, Maryland's largest city, after burning Washington. British soldiers are divided into two ways. The army landed from the north point southeast of Baltimore, while the navy tried to enter Baltimore harbor. The British army was stubbornly resisted by the prepared American army and the commander was killed. Because the range of British naval artillery is longer than that of American artillery guarding Fort McHenry in Baltimore, the British navy decided to shell Fort McHenry beyond the range of American artillery, and then continue to attack after destroying American defense. The British navy found that the defenders were not defeated after shelling Fort McHenry guarding Baltimore Harbor all night. In order to avoid further losses, the British army decided to retreat. The battle of Baltimore is over. The British navy's shelling of Fort McHenry led to the birth of the Stars and Stripes.
American civil war
Maryland is a slave-holding state, which tended to the south in the American Civil War. However, because the District of Columbia is in Maryland, the U.S. government has taken strong repressive measures to prevent Maryland from leaving the United States.
186 1 A group of American soldiers were besieged by pro-southern Baltimore citizens when they changed trains in Baltimore, and soldiers shot at the citizens, causing riots in Baltimore. The direct result of the Baltimore riots was that the Lincoln administration suppressed the pro-southern state iron bowl. Baltimore was declared martial law, the mayor and police chief of Baltimore were arrested, and several members of the Maryland legislature were arrested. Throughout the American Civil War, Maryland was placed under the direct management of the United States federal government. Northern Delaware is under military occupation. Arkansas and Tennessee, after learning that Lincoln suppressed the pro-southern areas, announced that they would leave the northern United States and join the Confederacy.
1862 In September, Robert Lee launched the Battle of Maryland. 40,000 northern Virginia troops crossed the Potomac River. Mcclellan commanded the Potomac army of 87,000 men. On September 17, the two sides launched a fierce battle in Antietam. On that day, 65,438+02,465,438+00 people died in the north and 65,438+00,700 people died in the south, which was the deadliest day in the American Civil War. McClellan failed to win a decisive victory because of his poor command. Lee fled back to Virginia. However, the Confederate army suffered heavy losses, and in diplomacy, the South lost the support of Britain. Known as the Battle of Antietam, this battle is usually regarded as a turning point in the American Civil War. After the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln declared the emancipation proclamation.
1864, Jubal A. Early led the southern army to occupy many places in montgomery county for a short time and attack the District of Columbia. On July 1 1, the southern army attacked Stevens Castle, which is only 5 miles from the White House in D.C., along Rockville Park Highway (MD-355) and Newcut Highway (now Vermeer Highway MD-586) via Rockville and Wheaton. 12 in July, Lincoln personally went to Stevenson to inspect the war situation and became the only president in the United States to participate in the war during his term of office. An officer next to Lincoln was shot while observing the enemy behind the low wall of the castle. Jubal Early's second commander was john cabell breckinridge, Lincoln's former vice president. On July 13, Jubal A. Early withdrew from montgomery county after discovering that the Union Army had received a large number of reinforcements. En: Battle of Stevenson.
Human population
In 2000, the population of Maryland was 5,296,486. According to the 2003 census, there are 5,508,909 people in Maryland. Most residents live in the central area, that is, the metropolitan area from Baltimore to Washington. The east coast of Maryland has a small population, and most of them are farmers, which is the same as southern Maryland. As for the three counties in West Maryland, Allegheny county en: Allegheny county en: Garrett county and Washington county en: Washington county is mountainous and sparsely populated, and there are no big cities until it is near the border of West Virginia. The racial composition of Maryland is roughly as follows:
62. 1% is white (no Spanish descent)
27.9% are African-American.
4.3% Hispanic
4% are Asian Americans.
2% hybrids
0.3% are indigenous Indians.
According to the census, African Americans (27.9%) are the most ancestors in Maryland, followed by Germans (15.7%), Irish (1 1.7%), British (9%) and Americans (5.8%).
religion
During the colonial period in Maryland, it was originally intended for Catholics to escape the strict policies of the Anglican Church and settle in this "religious tolerance" area. However, this aura of "religious tolerance" has not been fully realized, and Catholicism is still not the mainstream religion in Maryland. Religiously, the population of Maryland believes in the following proportions.
58% Protestants
25% of Roman Catholics
2% other Christians of other Christian denominations
4% of other religions
8% are not religious
Among the Protestants in this state, the top three factions are Baptist:17%, Methodist: 14%, and Lutheran: 6%.
Apart from religious people, Maryland is quite Catholic. For example, Baltimore elected the first American Catholic archbishop in 1789. Amitsburg, the city of Misburg, is the home and cemetery of Sister Isabella, who was the first American Catholic saint known as Saint Elizabeth Ann Sidon.
economy
In 2003, Maryland's per capita income was $37,446, ranking fifth in the United States, and its total output value was $265,438+$0.2 billion.
Maryland's economy is mainly the tertiary industry. The transportation industry centered on Baltimore Port is the most important economic component of Maryland. In terms of tonnage, Baltimore is the fifth largest port in the United States, and its main goods are raw materials and bulk goods, such as iron ore, oil, sugar and fertilizer. Usually these goods are transported to nearby factories, but some goods are also transported to the midwest. Baltimore Port also imports several imported cars.
The second largest industry in Maryland is the relevant departments of the federal government centered on the District of Columbia. Such as the defense and aerospace industries and the federal government departments in Maryland.
Federal agency
Statistics Department
Medical Insurance and Medicaid Service Center (CMS)
Consumer product safety Committee
Environmental protection department
Food and drug administration
Internal revenue service
National Archives and Records Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center.
National Geographic Information Office (NGA)
National Bureau of Standards and Technology (NIST)
National healthy summer (NIH)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Nuclear regulatory commission
National security agency
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC)
Social security administration
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
traffic
Important airport
Baltimore-Washington International Airport (BWI)
Important expressway
interstate 95
interstate 83
Interstate 70
An important railway system
Squeeze slag
Administrative divisions and important towns
Maryland includes 23 counties and an independent city.
Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny
Location of county government: Cumberland, Cumberland.
The name comes from Indian language, which means "beautiful river"
Anne arundel County: founded on 1650, from undeveloped land.
Location of county government: Annapolis.
The name comes from the maiden name of the wife of Baron II of Baltimore.
Baltimore county Baltimore county: founded in 1659, from undeveloped land.
Location of county government: Towson, Towson.
The name comes from the title of Baron of Baltimore.
Calvert county: established in 1654, from undeveloped land.
Location of county government: Prince Frederick village.
The name comes from the surname of the Baron family in Baltimore, calvert.
Caroline, Caroline County: Founded in 1773, it comes from Dorchester County and belongs to Queen Anne County.
Location of county government: Denton Denton. The name comes from the daughter of Baron V of Baltimore.
Carroll County: Established in 1837, from Baltimore County and part of Frederick County.
County seat: Westminster.
The name comes from Charles Carroll, the Maryland delegate who signed the Declaration of Independence.
Cecil county: founded in 1672, from Baltimore county and part of Kent county.
County: Elkton Elkton.
The name comes from Baron II C in Baltimore? The name of Cyrus calvert.
Charles, Charles County: founded in 1658, from undeveloped land.
Location of county government: La Plata.
The name comes from Charles calvert, the third Baron of Baltimore.
Dorchester County: founded in 1668, from undeveloped land.
Location of county government: Cambridge.
The name comes from a variant of the title of Earl of Dorset, a friend of the calvert family.
Frederick County: founded in 1748, from Prince George County.
County seat: Frederick Frederick.
The name comes from the name of Baron VI of Baltimore, Frederick calvert.
Garrett, Garrett County: founded in 1872, from Allegheny County.
County: Oakland, Oakland.
The name comes from the name of John E. Walker Garrett, chairman of the Baltimore-Ohio Railway Company.
Harvard County Harvard: founded in 1773, from Baltimore County.
Location of county government: Barelare, varela Lei.
The name comes from the surname of Henry Harford, the illegitimate son of Baron VI of Baltimore.
Howard, Howard County: founded in 185 1, from Anne arundel County and part of Baltimore County.
County seat: Elliot, Elliot.
The name comes from the name of John Iger Howard, the hero of the American Revolutionary War and the governor of Maryland.
Kent: Established in 1642, from undeveloped land.
County seat: Chester Town, chesterton.
The name comes from Kent, England.
Montgomery, Montgomery County: founded in 1776, from Frederick County.
County: Rockville, Rockville.
The name comes from richard montgomery, the first general who died in the American War of Independence.
Prince George of Prince George's County: founded in 1695, from calvert County and part of Charles County.
Location of county government: Go to Marlboro, go to Marlboro.
The name comes from the name of Prince George of Denmark, who is the husband of Queen Anne I of England.
Queen Anne of Kunani County: founded in 1706, from Talbert County.
County: Centreville, Centreville.
The name comes from the name of Queen Anne I of England.
St Mary in St Mary's County, founded in 1637, comes from undeveloped land.
Location of county government: Leonard Town.
The name comes from St. Mary.
Somerset County: Built on 1666, from undeveloped land.
County seat: Princess Anne.
The name comes from the maiden name of the sister-in-law of Baron II of Baltimore.
Talbert, Tolbert: founded in 1662, from Kent.
County seat: Easton Easton.
The name comes from the name of the sister of Baron II of Baltimore.
Washington, Washington County: founded in 1776, from Frederick County.
County: Hagerstown, Hagerstown.
The name comes from Washington.
Wikomico county: founded in 1867, from Somerset county and part of Worcester county.
County seat: Salisbury.
The name comes from the Indian language, which means "place where houses are built"
Worcester, Worcestershire: 1742 from Somerset.
County: Si Nuo Snow Mountain,
The name comes from the name of Earl Worcester.
Independent city
Baltimore: F. 1729. Distance to Baltimore County 185 1 year.
Important towns include:
Baltimore (Baltimore)
Annapolis (Annapolis)
Yinquan
Rockville (Rockville)
Potomac
Gaithersburg (Gaithersburg)
College Park (College Park)
Wheaton
Go to Marlboro and Mount Boluo.
Frederick (Frederick)
Hagerstown (Hagerstown)
Cumberland (Cumberland)
Camp David, the American presidential resort.
education
State university
University of Maryland system.
University of Maryland Baltimore
University of Maryland at Catonsville
University of Maryland, Park College
University of Maryland, An Gongzhu (Princess Anne).
Morgan State University)
Coping state college
Bowie State College
Frostburg State University
St Mary's College, Maryland, Maryland
Salisbury State University.
United States Naval Academy (US Naval Academy)
private university
Johns Hopkins University is the most famous private university in the state.
St John's college
Loyola College
University of Baltimore.
West Maryland College
Hood college
Washington college.
Julie villa college
Important sports groups
basketball
National collegiate athletic association (USA)
University of Maryland (terrapin)
American football
National football league
Baltimore ravens (Baltimore ravens)
The home of the Washington Red Man is actually in Maryland.
National collegiate athletic association (USA)
University of Maryland (terrapin)
baseball
Big alliance
Baltimore orioles
Little League Baseball
Bowie Bay Red Sox (2A Eastern Conference, home team: Baltimore Orioles)
Frederick Derek Keyes (high level 1A Carolina League, home team: Baltimore Orioles)
Delmarva shorebird (1A South Atlantic Alliance, home team: Baltimore oriole)
Hangers Town Suns (Hangers Town Suns, 1A South Atlantic Alliance, parent team: new york Metropolis)
Alberta Iron Birds (short-term 1A new york Pennsylvania League, parent team: Baltimore Orioles)
/view/ 190035.htm