edit

Sketch is a kind of monochrome painting, using charcoal pen, pencil, pen and so on. Used to draw light and dark objects with lines. Monochrome watercolors and monochrome oil paintings can also be counted as elements.

Description; China's traditional line drawing and ink painting can also be called sketch. Generally speaking, sketch diversification refers to pencil drawing and charcoal drawing. Sketch is the basis of all painting, and it is a stage that must be passed in learning painting art. Sketch usually uses methods that can leave traces on the plane, such as charcoal pen, pen, brush, ink, paper and so on. Outlines and lines are general terms for sketches. Sketch has a feeling of natural law. Different strokes create different lines, intersecting relationships and rhythms, active and passive surroundings, planes, volumes, tones and textures.

Sketch is a formal artistic creation, which uses monochrome lines to express things in the intuitive world, as well as ideas, concepts, attitudes, feelings, fantasies, symbols and even abstract forms. It does not pay attention to the whole and color like color painting, but to the structure and form.

Sketch classification

edit

Pencil Sketch Pencil Sketch is often the beginning of sketch practice. Whether it is a fine sketch or a sketch, you can start with a pencil that is easy to modify. And practice

Gypsum square brick

use

For pencils with different marks, the pencil mark B indicates blackness, that is, the content of carbon black in the refill. The larger the number marked on the front, the darker the color, and the softer and looser the texture of the lead core. Can be used to draw darker parts. H stands for hardness. The larger the number in front, the harder the texture, which can be used to draw lighter parts.

The drawing paper for pencil sketch can be rough paper, such as 150 pound or 200 pound template paper, and soft glue is preferred.

Common sketch exercises can be practiced through still life sketch and landscape sketch. Novices had better not combine carbon with lead, because carbon pens are matt and pencils are oily.

charcoal sketch

Charcoal in charcoal sketch is usually made of wicker. Drawing paper can be made of 150 kg or 200 kg, and can be wiped with soft glue, steamed bread and bread.

Charcoal sketch often takes gypsum as the practice object, because gypsum is a purified object with no color and strong texture change. After light irradiation, it can produce obvious contrast between light and shade. Beginners often start with avatars.

Sketch theme

edit

(1): Mainly portraits and landscapes.

Sketch was originally for painting, sculpture and other arts, and later developed into an independent art because of its fluency, richness and beauty. Its subject matter can be taken from anything, unconstrained. Generally, portraits and landscapes are the mainstay, while western sketches are often figures and still lives.

(2): daily life, abstract sketch, artistic architecture sketch.

/kloc-in the 0/9th century, sketches with daily life as the theme appeared. Others include imagination and abstract sketch, artistic architecture sketch and so on.

(3): Cubism, Expressionism, Surrealism sketch.

Sketch in the 20th century seems to reflect uneasiness, turbulence and scientific progress. Some of them are characterized by thick lines. Other painters try to integrate life into geometric figures (cubism). There are various schools of X-ray technology in the 20th century, that is, seeing the outside and the inside at the same time. Expressionist painters pursue "expressing the feelings of a scene rather than describing the real face of things", while surrealist painters focus on expressing subconscious psychology.

(4): Practical technical sketch.

Practical sketch should clearly record an objective thing. Generally speaking, it does not emphasize aesthetics, but emphasizes technical design. Practical sketches include illustrations and explanations for scientific purposes. Many artists have drawn sketches of scientific explanations. Sketch illustrations in literary works generally describe a paragraph, but they still enjoy a high artistic reputation because they show the painter's unique brushwork style. Related to this is the cartoon, an imaginary picture created for social criticism. From this, it developed into a cartoon, and then evolved into a modern cartoon.

Sketch tool

edit

There are many kinds of sketching tools, such as stone pen, charcoal pen, iron pen, chalk, writing brush, pencil and pen. There are also paintings of diamonds and diamonds. worker

The difference of tools is related to the nature and composition of sketches, and tools will also affect the mood and skills of painters. The choice of tools depends on the artistic effect that the painter wants to achieve. Generally speaking, dry pen is suitable for making clear lines, and ink pen is suitable for expressing planes; Exquisite strokes can be brushed with a brush, and vast fields can be outlined with a pencil or chalk. Charcoal pen can be used for both. From the size of the work, large-scale sketch works are suitable for drawing with charcoal pen, and the outline and carefulness can be carefully studied and analyzed for a long time. As for pencils, they are suitable for smaller sizes. There are few large pencils, while pen-and-ink drawings are even smaller, and they are often used for illustrations. The monochrome performance of sketch makes the tool very random, and it can often be used comprehensively to create a variety of picture effects, so it is a very broad world.

(1) pencil

Pencil is the simplest and most convenient tool. Beginners often start with pencils. The main reason is that pencil can be very accurate and clear in line modeling, can be modified at will, and can depict details in depth and detail, which is due to strict physical requirements and in-depth and repeated research. At the same time, there are many kinds of pencils, hard, soft, deep and light, which can draw more colors. The color of the pencil is also convenient to show many silver-gray levels in the tone, which is effective for basic training operations such as plaster and easy for beginners to master. So it is more suitable for the initial application of basic training. The existing domestic pencils are divided into two types, with HB as the center line and B to 6B from soft to dark. In order to better meet the needs of painting, we added 7B-8B, which we call drawing pencils. HB has developed from h to 6H, which is mostly used in precision design and other majors. Because there are many kinds of pencils, they can show rich shades.

(2) Charcoal pen:

The carbon pen is neither brittle nor hard, the carbon rod is burnt through soft black, and the carbon rod is soft and sand-free.

(3) Pen:

Including all fountain pens with hard tips. You can also draw with strokes used in daily writing. Generally, with a little treatment, bend the nib inward about 30 degrees with small pliers, so that the forward writing is fine and smooth, and the thickness of the reverse writing can be controlled freely.

(4) Paper:

White, thick, textured paper. Pencil drawing paper should not be too thick, charcoal drawing paper should not be too smooth, and pen drawing paper should have a smoother paper surface and a certain degree of water absorption.

(5) Sketchpad:

Smooth and seamless splint is best. If you draw standing, you should also prepare an easel.

(6) Rubber:

It is best to use flat and soft square rubber. And plasticine, plasticine is easy to deform, so it is suitable for all kinds of wiping, but its cleaning and modification ability is average.

(7) Tools such as pencil sharpener, thumbtack and rag shall be reserved.

Technical type

edit

(1) line and line technology

Gypsum insert

The element of sketch is a line, but the line does not exist in essence. It only represents the boundaries of objects, colors and planes as the illusion of objects. Until modern times, lines were considered as spontaneous formal elements, independent of the depicted objects.

(2) Use lines to form the image of objects.

Sketch is to form the image of an object with lines and draw it on the plane, that is, the line form causes the viewer's association. For example, the angle formed by the intersection of two straight lines can be considered as the boundary of a plane; In addition, adding a third line can create a three-dimensional effect on the screen. Curved lines can symbolize the vault, and intersecting lines can express the depth. People can get an understandable image from the change of lines. Therefore, through the means of lines, simple outlines can be developed into exquisite sketches.

(3) Use lines to distinguish between solid and plane.

In sketch, lines can be used to distinguish between solid and plane, while color shading is to strengthen and distinguish the relationship between the whole and the part. We can draw the boundary with the beginning, disappearance and interruption of lines to form a plane, or we can let the colors reach the boundary. The thickness of lines can show the changes of objects, and even light and shadow can be shown through the changes of strokes of lines.

(4) The assistance of plane technology

The line technique of sketch also needs the assistance of plane technique. When charcoal chalk is used in plane technology, brush wiping can be used in contrast between light and shade.

(5) the use of brush painting

It is more important to use the brush painting method, because the brush can play the width and strength of strokes, and can increase the sense of space and three-dimensional sense.

(6) Enhance artistry

Sketch can also use multi-color brush as the basic material to enhance the sketch effect and artistic quality.

Painting step

edit

Scientific and rigorous methods and steps can not only ensure the smooth progress of sketch work, but also cultivate our overall observation and description ability.

Establish a composition

Deliberately arrange the composition, so that the objects on the screen are given appropriate priority, and the composition is balanced and diverse, avoiding the disadvantages of scattering, chaos, emptiness and congestion.

Form and structure

Draw the body structure of the object with a long straight line (the invisible part of the object should also be drawn gently), and the shape, proportion and structural relationship of the object should be accurate. Then draw the shape and position of each light and dark level (highlight, bright part, middle color, dark part, projection and intersection of light and dark).

Gradually and deeply forming

Through the light and dark description of the body (from the whole to the part, from the big to the small), the sense of volume of the object is gradually shaped. The main and key details should be carefully described.

Adjustment completed

In-depth characterization inevitably ignores the relationship between the whole and the parts. At this time, it is necessary to comprehensively adjust (mainly referring to the physical structure including color, texture, space, primary and secondary, etc. ), so as to make a choice and highlight the main body.

Brief introduction to art

edit

Sketch is a kind of painting form that depicts the real things or feelings seen in life with monochrome or a small amount of color painting materials. The materials used are dry and wet.

Sketch combined landscape

There are two categories, including dry materials such as pencils, charcoal pens, chalk, pastels, crayons, charcoal pens and silver pens. And wet materials such as ink, pens, signature pens, reed pens, bamboo pens, ballpoint pens, etc. Traditionally, sketch is mainly monochrome painting, but in the art dictionary, watercolor painting also belongs to sketch.

For the purpose of sketch expression, sketch is generally used as a basic sketch exercise to improve students' modeling ability, or as a closing or partial draft exercise before creation, to collect materials and practice the unity and density of object image, dynamics, volume, texture, light and shade, space, color, proportion, composition and change. Most painters have a painting prototype before working on an oil painting or mural, and this simple prototype painting is a sketch. Sketch is rarely used to make finished products, but some painters make them in this way, and such finished products are different from draft paintings because this sketch is in addition to the basic skills of prototype paintings, plus the details of light and shadow changes. The purpose of this sketch is also a visual record of the painter.

Sketch is different from watercolor painting and oil painting in expression skills, but it is more important than line expression. It describes the light and shade of an object through the thickness of lines, without worrying about the tone value of the details of the object. The picture highlights the theme through the contrast between light and dark, but it also loses the consideration of color. Sketch has distinct details in light and dark tones, which can show the three-dimensional sense of objects in subtle changes of light and dark.

Angel, a French classical oil painter, created a lot of sketches and single-line works because he thought that the role of color was not the main one, which was different from that of romanticism. China painter Wang Shikuo's famous work "Bloody Clothes" was also created by sketching.

There were three famous sketch masters in Italian Renaissance: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarroti, Raphael Sancho and Xu Beihong of China (1895- 1953). Rembrandt, Peter Paul Rubens and ilya repin are also sketch masters.

Sketch is also a plastic art, and its purpose is to create three-dimensional shapes on two-dimensional paper. The accuracy of modeling and the scientific nature of internal structure are the most important.

Artistic understanding

edit

This is a painting term. Chinese explanation: "Su" literally means simple, direct, simple and true. "Painting" refers to writing, drawing, waving, copying,

The meaning of sketch. The definition of sketch is to depict the image of an object in monochrome. Sketch is a knowledge about cognition and expression, a basic, dialectical and logical way of thinking to guide the expression of plastic arts, and an independent plastic arts. We often say that sketch is the basis of all painting and the training means of painting creation.

As the embryonic form of sketch, the earliest are rock paintings, chess pieces and inexplicable symbols in ancient caves. These simple and simple descriptions are the true feelings of human ancestors about nature. Italy16th century, after the Academy of Fine Arts came into being, sketch appeared as a formal identity in the studio of the Academy of Fine Arts. This course was officially opened in Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts on 19 12. It was shocked in 1958 and resumed in 1962. It was again impacted during the Cultural Revolution until 1976. From the development history of sketch, it has formed a perfect system from ancient Egypt, the two river basins to ancient Greece and Rome, from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, from the European classical painting school in the17th century to the modernism in the 20th century. In sketch teaching, it is mainly to train students how to observe and describe the modeling ability of objective objects. For beginners, we often test the level of sketch by drawing the body like it is not like it, accurate or not, and the whole is incomplete. As a designer, you should also have the basic skills of sketching.

Art is a means to express things. The foundation of art is modeling, which is a complex labor carried out by people in a natural way and a special skill that needs long-term training. Artistic modeling is not only to shape isolated and static object forms, but more importantly, to express the organic relations of various forms in objects. To master the method of artistic modeling, we should not only restore people's natural way of thinking and operation, but also study the formal characteristics of natural objects and understand their changing laws and conditions. Sketch is the best way to solve these modeling problems, which has been fully proved in the practice of artistic modeling. Therefore, sketch is called "the foundation of plastic arts".

Sketch usually refers to methods that can leave traces on a plane, such as crayons, charcoal pens, pens, pencils, colored chalk, ebony brown, ink, paper and so on. Others include wear and tear caused by wet clay, ink-stained cloth, metal, stone tools, containers or cloth covers. Sketch is the basis of all painting and a necessary stage in the research process.

Outlines and lines are general terms for sketches. Sketch has a sense of natural law, which the viewer can feel from the process of appreciation. Different strokes create different lines and cross relationships, including rhythm, active and passive surroundings, plane, volume, tone and texture.

Sketch is a formal artistic creation, which can use monochromatic lines (or two or more colors) or daub surfaces to express things in the intuitive world, and can express ideas, concepts, attitudes, feelings, fantasies, symbols and even abstract forms. It does not attach importance to the whole and color like painting, but to the structure and form. In The Dictionary of Western Fine Arts (published by Lion Book Company), there is only one explanation related to sketch. It is considered that the sketch of a work or a part of a work is the artist's research and discussion on key points such as light and shadow, composition and the scale of the whole picture. It is a preliminary composition of the whole painting or one of the paintings.

The sketch of a landscape painter is usually a small and quick record to show the lighting effect of the landscape and prepare for the idea of repainting in the future.

Every object will have a bright and dark part under illumination, that is, a bright and dark part, so when painting, the bright and dark part will be separated by the dividing line between light and dark.

The dark part is generally reflective and gray-black; The bright part is the brightest part in the painting; And projection and background.

When painting, try to avoid dirty bright parts and boring dark parts (that is, there are too many lines without gaps and reflections).

Sketch is the inevitable foundation of other arts, especially watercolor, oil painting, printmaking and sculpture (relief), and it is also the necessary foundation of sketch for graphic design. Although sketch is considered as a two-dimensional art, it does not need color and three-dimensional space, but it also implies both.

Definition of Sketch (from He Kang Teacher's Manual)

French Dessin-British Drawing-Chinese is called "sketch". Sketch is to describe the position of external objects in space on a given area or plane material (paper, cloth, etc.). ), and through this training, we can master the light and dark levels and basic images of objects.

Sketch conforms to the definition of sketch. Broadly speaking, sketch is a kind of sketch.

Sketch college entrance examination

edit

Sketch needs to cultivate one's observation. In addition, sketch can also be interpreted as all efforts between "being" and "painting", which is called "descriptive power of painting".

With the development of higher education in China, the enrollment of art colleges and majors is increasing. Many high school students who love art apply for art colleges and majors, and sketch exam is the main subject of art major exam. How to improve the sketch score of college entrance examination is a problem that candidates are struggling to find. Therefore, the study of sketch examination is the top priority of art teachers' teaching in senior high schools.

At the end of 19, European art completely liberated the description of three-dimensional form and color due to the different pursuit and discussion of the artistic essence of post-impressionism and cubism party, so it also changed the traditional sketch training mode. In some countries, such as the Fine Arts Department of the University of Paris I, France, the course of "Sketch" has been replaced by "Two-dimensional, Monochrome and Multicolor Research". In this course arrangement, there is more space for sketch and more flexible materials. Students can use all kinds of media to practice two-dimensional modeling at will. Therefore, in addition to the basic concept of sketch, we should give more flexibility and flexibility in the training of sketch media, so that the training of sketch can not only match the artistic trend of thought, but also show stronger vitality and wider expressive force.

Such as the Three Renaissance Masters, Rubens, Rembrandt, Goya, Angel, Lie Bin, Menser, etc. And some great painters, such as Titian and Velazquez, are rarely circulated, because they are good at drawing directly on canvas, so there are not many sketches left; However, from the few works we have seen, we can still see their unique skills in sketching.

The five bright and dark surfaces of sketch include: bright surface, gray surface, intersection surface of light and dark (darkest), projection surface and reflection surface. Sketch should pay attention to the ability of multi-geometry in basic painting!

Sketch, generally from the gypsum image, the primary stage of gypsum image as the teaching content. Its advantages are as follows: first, the plaster statue is a white object, which is convenient for us to observe the turning relationship and hierarchical differences of the head structure of the characters; Secondly, the plaster statue is static, which provides the greatest convenience for beginners to observe and describe objects carefully and patiently. The various differences and changes in the skin color and hair of the diluted characters will make us feel the nature of the body and structure of incomprehensible objects more directly; In addition, plaster statues are usually classic sculptures of ancient European masters and oriental artists. These statues themselves have also been summarized, summarized, strengthened and expressed by carving artists. The image characteristics and structural relations of characters are more intense and vivid, and the dynamics and emotions are more vivid and rich.

Sketch combined still life

Infectious. In the training of plaster impression sketch, this object itself is a good artistic example, which provides us with the best method of structure, modeling and level. On the other hand, the above characteristics of plaster statue have actually explained the difference and difference between it and portrait painting. Then, what are the similarities and differences in the specific process of sketching?

In a word, there is no essential difference between plaster sketch and portrait sketch from observation method to performance steps, and they are relatively consistent. However, there are still some subtle differences in specific performance skills. First of all, the relationship between the body structure and muscle fluctuation of plaster statues is shaped by sculptors with carving knives, which has obvious traces of decent induction, generalization and treatment. For example, the eyebrows, beards, eyeballs, hair, etc. of plaster statues are all shapes induced and treated in a decent and massive way. The relationship between bones and muscles is obvious and firm.

Professional colleges and universities

edit

Mississippi State University St Mary's University Virginia Georgetown University Michigan Ann Arbwick Forest University Yale University Washington University Carnegie Mellon University.

term

edit

Observe proportional structure backlight tone perspective angle body composition fixed-point modeling copy projection actual intensity sketch tone brightness purity

Grey reflective high-gloss ribbon cable, depth and density spatial position, sidelight elevation angle.

Five tones (projection, highlight, light-dark boundary, reflection), length, width, height, point, line, surface, three major surfaces (bright surface, dark surface and gray surface), contour line and structural line in the horizontal plane.

Grey surface of basic shape combined shape

According to the characteristics of their major, the design major revised the mode and method of sketch teaching, but basically borrowed the sketch experience of various schools in the development of western art, and the concept of sketch as realistic sketch has not been eradicated in the bones. At the same time, most of the teachers who teach in the field of basic design are from painting majors, and they inherit the concept that realistic sketch is the standard sketch mode, so all the changes are only based on the revision and variation of realistic sketch.

Matters needing attention

edit

1. Lack of overall aesthetic feeling

This is a common problem for many beginners and candidates. Because of their lack of long-term homework training, they can't be guided by the overall concept in the exam.

Full-length sketch

To push forward in an all-round way, we are often eager for success. Without grasping the overall effect, we blindly dig deep into the parts, resulting in no good connection between the parts. So that the overall aesthetic feeling has not been better reflected, the local structure has been very prominent, and other places have not done enough. How can such a painting be well received?

The whole of a painting is composed of several parts, and no part of the painting is untrue; However, a painting has only a part without a whole, even if it is wonderful and in-depth, it is meaningless. The purpose of sketch is not only to practice "living well", but more importantly, to cultivate an artistic conception of thinking and how to observe things. Without these two points, sketch practice will lose its essential meaning. Since the whole is related to the success or failure of a sketch, the relationship between parts and the whole is very important. How to solve this relationship depends on the method of contrast, the depth of contrast tone, the length and width of proportion, the relationship between far and near, virtual and real, and the perspective. According to this comparison, the painted works are the real side of objective objects.

2. Sensitization

All people in the world don't have exactly the same face, even twins are no exception. They also have differences that others are not aware of. The basic task of sketch training is to capture the characteristics and unique differences of objects. However, in the process of sketching, it is often seen that some students draw like a person no matter who they draw, no matter what the appearance and temperament of the object are. The model seems to be a decoration and a reference made up by them. There are mistakes in the teacher's guidance at the beginning stage and misunderstandings in the examinee's own understanding. Some candidates mistakenly think that it doesn't matter if the model looks like it, as long as the picture effect is good. Anyway, the marking teacher doesn't know what the model is like. It is true that likeness is not one of the criteria to measure the quality of a sketch, but it can test a student's sensitivity and expressive ability to things. If a student feels far away from objects for a long time, fabricates the so-called picture effect and gives up the training of objective object perception ability, then he may cause the degradation of perception ability and lose the sensitivity that an artist should have. Specific to the performance of sketching and sketching is thousands of people. This is because the eyes, as an important condition of a painter, have degenerated. There is no doubt that such a test paper can't get high marks. Once these problems are formed, it is difficult to correct them. So students should pay special attention to every detail mentioned by the teacher.

I am not sure about this painting.

In the final picture adjustment, the problems of gloomy picture, weak contrast and broken picture are most likely to appear. Why are there these problems? This is because the black, white and gray levels of the picture lack a complete and unified contrast and change law, the picture level is not clear and the picture effect is not loud. As for which weight is more and which weight is less, it depends on your feelings. Their own relationship is very important, but no matter what the proportion, one of the three basic colors can't be missing.

There are many reasons for the gray picture. For example, most models' faces are in bright parts, so the pictures are basically bright gray tones; such as

If the fruit is not handled properly, it is easy to cause the picture to be gloomy. At this time, the role of dark gray is reflected, and the distance between dark gray and light gray is widened as much as possible to maintain the layering of the picture. There is another situation: the model's skin is deep, black and dark gray tones account for most of the facial area, and light gray and bright faces account for very little. Poor handling can also easily lead to gloomy and dull pictures, which will affect homework performance. In this regard, candidates should actively reduce the depth of the middle tone, improve the brightness of the picture (face), and maintain the layering of the picture. In the process of sketching, under the premise of respecting the whole objective object, it is allowed to adjust, weaken or strengthen the artistic treatment of local colors.

The objects of sketch, whether bright or dark, strong or weak, virtual or real, have their own laws and order. If this objective order is disturbed when sketching, it will appear messy and trivial, thus affecting the overall sense of the picture.

Another situation is that all the parts are well drawn and complete, but there is no connection, unity and intransigence between the parts, like a piece of sand. When an object is illuminated by a fixed light source, there will inevitably be images of strength, distance and reality. So the primary and secondary relationship between objects and images-sense of order. If you don't grasp it well, such a work can't be said to be a good work!

4. In the process of sketching practice, sketching must focus on the relationship between light and objects, and the description technique of brush strokes can present the shape observed by your eyes concretely and subtly. Therefore, sketch needs to cultivate its own observation. In addition, sketch can also be interpreted as all efforts between "being" and "painting", which is called "descriptive power of painting". For example, when depicting the still life on the table, we can not only find the different colors on the still life, but also find the harmony between the security on the table and the background. The complex factors such as shape, color, line, light and shade, texture, sense of quantity, sense of existence, sense of space and sense of dynamics are intertwined to form a beautiful order. Painting is to turn those natural orders into picturesque ones, which is also the meaning and purpose of sketch. Sketch is the basis of painting, and it is a kind of painting that can best reflect people's painting level. Therefore, we should be down-to-earth in our study, stick to it and not be impetuous.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

edit

1, body painted "crooked"

This is an error caused by poor drawing. The object in sketch is characterized by "quietness". Every object has its own position and center of gravity, the center of gravity of symmetrical objects. At its central vertical line position, if the vertical line is not vertical, the center of gravity of the object will be unstable, resulting in a "crooked" error. There is another reason for the mistake of drawing "crooked": symmetrical objects are drawn asymmetrically. The solution is: when drafting, both sides should draft at the same time, and don't wait until one side is finished and the other side begins.

2. The picture is too "empty" or "full"

This is an error caused by improper composition. If the object is too small and too concentrated, it will cause the picture to be "empty"; If the object is too big and scattered, the picture will be "full", and even sometimes the picture will "not fit" the object. The solution is to find out the combination form of the whole object at the beginning, make positioning auxiliary lines according to the requirements of composition, and don't change the positioning lines of composition easily in the future, otherwise it will destroy the original intention of composition.

3. The outline is too "thick"

This is because the painter has not yet established the concept of "appropriateness", and he does not understand that the outline of an object is formed by the turning point of "face" and that the shape is contrasted with light and shade. The solution is to strengthen observation and feeling, eliminate the interference of non-sketch habits, and transition the "thick line" side to the dark part or background.

4. The contour line passes through the "virtual"

This is because the painter mistakenly thinks that the more three-dimensional an object is, the more empty its outline is; The more objects behind it, the more virtual its shape is. The solution is to understand the phenomenon of "binocular parallax" in vision, learn the transformation relationship between "line and surface" in modeling, and express objects objectively without the influence of "subjectivity".

5. The perspective surface is too "big"

Beginners often draw a large side of an object because they don't understand the phenomenon of visual perspective contraction, and subjectively think that the original "that side" is not that small, and it is not drawn entirely according to the results of objective observation. This shows that habits in life also affect painters. The correct method is to study perspective seriously, strictly grasp the proportional relationship and objectively express the object.

6, the picture is too "gray"

The direct cause of gray is that the bright part of the object is heavily painted, which is caused by insufficient contrast observation between light and shade. When adjusting, the dividing line between light and dark should be emphasized to improve the brightness of the bright part.

7. The picture is too "broken", too "flat" and too "flat"

The main reason for these three types of errors is that the primary and secondary objects are unclear. The reason of "fragmentation" is that the parts described by the object are too much and too strong. The reason for being "flat" is that the object is not completely depicted. The reason for "board" is the lack of change in the description of objects. The main reasons for these mistakes are lack of overall observation, overall performance and insufficient mastery of primary and secondary technologies. The solution is: in the familiar modeling stage of sketch steps, comprehensively sort out the overall impression of still life, find the primary and secondary parts of still life, strictly follow the requirements of the whole and primary and secondary parts in the depiction, and make adjustments in time.