First, the impact of the current world economic recession on employment.
(A), the current world employment situation
At the beginning of 20 12, the annual global employment report released by the international labor organization showed that the world needs to create 600 million jobs in the last decade to ensure sustained growth and social stability.
In contrast, the model of emerging countries will be different, but the result will be worse. With the shrinking of export trade, millions of workers at the bottom of the global supply chain will lose their jobs. Poverty will increase when they fall into the quagmire of informal work or return to their hometowns to farm. The World Bank predicts that in 20 1 1 year, the global population in extreme poverty will increase by about 44 million.
(B) the impact of the world economic downturn on employment in China
China is affected by the persistent economic downturn in Europe and America and the domestic economic transformation. In 20 14, the economic growth rate of China is expected to continue to decline, and the export growth is weak, resulting in a large number of enterprises downsizing or closing down. In addition, the number of college graduates is rising, and the employment situation is more severe.
According to relevant statistics, every percentage point drop in China's GDP will reduce1-20,000 jobs. For every percentage point drop in exports, 300,000 to 500,000 people will lose their jobs.
Second, the employment situation of college students in recent years
1, the employment situation during the 12th Five-Year Plan period
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Minister Yin Weimin still uses the word "severe". "On the one hand, the total employment pressure is still very high, and the pattern of oversupply of labor has not changed." Yin Weimin analyzed, "In the next five years, the gap between urban labor supply and demand will reach more than130,000 people per year, which is more stressful than during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. On the other hand, the structural contradiction of employment will be further aggravated. Its realistic performance is that some enterprises are difficult to recruit workers and some workers are difficult to find jobs, and there is a trend of normalization. With the strategic adjustment of economic structure, the structural contradiction of employment will become more complicated. Whether it is industrial transformation and upgrading, energy conservation and emission reduction, and elimination of backward production capacity. , will have a profound impact on the employment structure, the shortage of skilled personnel is bound to become more prominent, and the structural unemployment problem will be further aggravated. At the same time, the complex and ever-changing world economy has also added more variables to the employment situation. "
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security predicted that during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, the average annual graduate size will reach more than 7 million.
2. The employment situation of college students in China in recent two years.
In 20 13, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Education organized a survey on the employment of college graduates. The survey shows that in the past two years, the vast majority of college graduates have been employed in small and medium-sized enterprises, and the proportion of graduates who have been employed in the central and western regions has gradually increased.
From the academic point of view, the initial employment rate of graduate students is the highest, that of undergraduates is slightly lower, and that of higher vocational colleges is the lowest. From the professional point of view, the employment rate of engineering graduates is higher, and the employment rate of literature, history and philosophy graduates is lower. From the perspective of graduate schools, the employment rate of key universities is higher, while the employment rate of ordinary undergraduate and independent colleges is lower.
It is worth noting that among the employed population, some graduates are highly mobile.
3. The current employment psychology of college students
Some college graduates would rather be "drifters" and "ants" in big cities than work in second-and third-tier cities and grassroots. Most college graduates still hope to find jobs in government institutions and state-owned enterprises, and hope to live and work in economically developed areas and large and medium-sized cities, but they are not enthusiastic about employment in the central and western regions, urban and rural grassroots and small and medium-sized enterprises.
4. The reasons why college students cluster in big cities.
First, China's regional economic and social development is unbalanced and difficult to change in a short time. The more developed the economy, the more employment opportunities and the greater the development space, which leads to the tendency of college graduates to seek jobs in cities, eastern regions and high-income industries.
Second, there are institutional obstacles. The current employment system, household registration system, cadre personnel system and market employment mechanism of college graduates are still not fully adapted. The management mode based on cadre identity and household registration is not in harmony with the overall management of social labor resources, resulting in unequal employment opportunities and unbalanced employment policies. There are still obstacles in the flow of graduates between regions, enterprises and institutions, the identity of graduates is difficult to change, and the employment channels are not smooth, which further aggravates the structural contradictions.
Third, small and medium-sized enterprises and non-public enterprises need a large number of graduates, but their wages are relatively low and there is little room for development. Some enterprises have irregular employment, which has limited appeal to graduates. Grass-roots education, medical care, agricultural technology and other departments urgently need talents, but due to staffing restrictions and other reasons, the ability to absorb graduates is limited.
5. The reasons for college students' employment difficulties.
First, there are too few small and medium-sized enterprises in China, and the employment capacity is not large.
Internationally, 99.5% of enterprises in a country belong to small and medium-sized enterprises, and 65%-80% of workers are employed in them (including communities and intermediaries). But there are too few small and medium-sized enterprises in China.
Japan has a population of 6.5438+25 million-6.6 million small and medium-sized enterprises.
There are 65.438+03 billion people in China-654.38+065.438+00,000 small and medium-sized enterprises.
According to the data, by the end of 20 10, there were more than110,000 small and medium-sized enterprises registered in industry and commerce nationwide, and there were more than 34 million individual industrial and commercial enterprises.
Why is it easy to find a job in China Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta? Encourage everyone to start a business, there are many small and medium-sized enterprises, and employment is relatively easy.
Two, the quality of specialized personnel is not up to standard, resulting in a rare job.
In recent years, the number of college graduates in China has greatly increased, but the quality of specialized talents can not meet the needs. According to the Lausanne report in 2000, the availability of qualified engineers and qualified information technology personnel in China ranks first from the bottom among more than 30 countries. This reflects the disadvantages of "emphasizing scores over ability" and "emphasizing books over practice" in higher education.
McKinsey, a world-renowned consulting firm, said: Although there are more than 6 million college graduates in China every year, it is estimated that there are about 6,543.8+6,000 people who are really suitable to work in multinational companies. Most graduates lack project practice or English language expression ability.
Third, the information of talent supply and demand is not smooth, resulting in job waste.
According to statistics, at present, because of poor information, 20% of people "don't know their position, and they can't find their position", 1.526 million jobs are lost. This reflects the indispensable role of talent intermediaries and media in market economy and social development. Special emphasis should be placed on information communication and sharing among universities, personnel, labor departments and enterprises.
Fourth, structural imbalance is the main factor of employment difficulties.
A. Time structure
From the perspective of time structure, the oversupply of college graduates exceeds the demand growth in a short time, and the labor market needs time to adjust gradually. In recent years, the speed of economic structure upgrading has been accelerated, and the need to accelerate the upgrading of national quality has also greatly promoted the rapid development of higher education. The problem is that the supply of college graduates is growing much faster than the economic growth.
B. Regional structure
In terms of regional structure, the preference difference of employment regional choice of college graduates does not match the government's policy incentives, resulting in insufficient actual effective demand. Due to the regional and urban-rural differences in China's economic development, it is difficult to form an effective demand for college students in economically underdeveloped areas, especially in the western region, and it will be difficult to change the situation of insufficient regional effective demand for a long time.
To sum up, I would like to give the following suggestions to the graduates of the 20th15th class:
1, scientific and reasonable career planning is the basis for achieving smooth employment.
Clearly planning career goals is the first step to success in life. You must design your career well. Only in this way can there be hope for the future. Of course, when designing yourself, you should remember to know yourself, especially to know yourself comprehensively, to know your strengths and weaknesses, to know your temper, to know your professional adaptability, to know your talents and to know where you may succeed. In order to know oneself more accurately and design oneself scientifically and reasonably, it is suggested to use scientific tools to measure professional ability, psychology, personality and adaptability. A good professional testing tool will be a compass for you to enter your career correctly.
2. Changing ideas is the key to achieving a smooth employment.
A. Crisis is both a danger and an opportunity. Without pursuit, there is no chance (winter swimming).
B. College students are no longer synonymous with elites, but ordinary workers with higher quality.
C. Learning starts at the grassroots level with poor living conditions, but often with strong autonomy, more exercise opportunities and rapid growth.
D. treat income correctly. A good company has a large development space and low income at present, but there are many development opportunities in the future, and its income may increase rapidly (internship 800- 1000 yuan, graduation 1500-4000 yuan).
E. correctly treat the differences between regions. In the choice of urban types, although there are many opportunities in central cities, the changes are also greater. Comparatively speaking, some potential secondary cities may have better and more stable employment opportunities.
F. not limited to one's own major, it is important to apply what one has learned. Look at yourself objectively, find out your advantages, and choose a job according to your development potential. Don't stick to your major and don't ask for flexibility. You should establish the concept of "lifelong learning" as soon as possible to adapt to the rapid upgrading of science and technology, and don't let "professional counterparts" tie your hands and feet.
G. about college students going to the countryside to be village officials. We encourage college students to become village officials in rural areas. There is a figure in it. There are 640,000 village committees in China. If every village committee has an assistant, it will be 640,000 posts. There are 35,000 township governments, 63,000 sub-district offices and about 200,000 part-time or assistant positions when college students go to towns and villages. Of course, there are many grass-roots and rural educational institutions. If all these are taken into account, this is a considerable proportion.
H. About college students' entrepreneurship A. What is the success rate of college students' entrepreneurship? 20% globally; In China, there is 10%. At present, the methods and modes of entrepreneurship training still need further study. Most of the existing entrepreneurship training is taught by "teachers" without any entrepreneurial experience. They can only "transfer" the rules and regulations in books to students, or copy foreign successful cases. "Is this kind of training useful?"
3. Broadening job-seeking channels and changing job-seeking methods are the guarantee to achieve smooth employment.
A. Change from passively waiting for social demand information to actively collecting social demand information
College students should look for opportunities with a proactive attitude. Usually pay more attention to job fairs, corporate briefings and other corporate information, and actively collect relevant employment information instead of just waiting.
B. Change "follow the trend of job hunting" into "individual job hunting"
In the past, there were "four concentrations" in college students' job hunting, focusing on time, region, industry and employer, which not only increased the intensity of employment competition, but also led to uneven distribution of talents in social industries. There is an obvious surplus of talents in some industries, while there is a shortage of talents in others. College students should make personalized career choices according to their own personality and ability, instead of being confined to traditional "concentrated" regions, industries and units, and broaden their horizons in job hunting.
C. Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security predicts eight hot majors in the future: According to the statistics of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, there are eight categories of talents urgently needed in China in the next few years: high-tech talents represented by electronic technology, bioengineering, aerospace technology, marine utilization, new energy and new materials; Information technology talents; Mechanical and electrical integration professional and technical personnel; Agricultural science and technology talents; Environmental protection technicians; Bioengineering R&D talents; International trade talents; Lawyer talent.
D. Change "short-term job hunting" into "long-term job hunting". College students should not be too idealistic when choosing jobs. A person may have to choose three or four times to find a job he likes, so don't be too picky about the first job.
E, practicing internal strength is the basis of employment.
An optimistic and positive attitude
Strong sense of responsibility
C, standardize behavior consciousness
D. Perseverance and courage to overcome difficulties
E, strong social adaptability
Good team spirit
G, certain social experience