Technology, multimedia technology, sensor technology, human-computer interaction technology, network technology, vertical
Volume display technology and simulation technology.
The new technology in the computer field has been involved in the research and application fields, including military affairs.
Business, medicine, psychology, education, scientific research, commerce, film and television, entertainment, manufacturing, engineering.
Training, etc. VR technology has been recognized as an important development discipline in 2 1 century.
It is also one of the important technologies that affect people's lives.
1 the connotation and characteristics of virtual reality technology
VR technology originated in the United States in 1950s and has developed to this day.
At present, it is still in the stage of continuous exploration. At the same time, due to the limitation and research of software and hardware environment.
People's understanding of virtual reality technology varies with the application direction.
Different people have different ideas. Generally speaking, VR technology is a comprehensive application of various technologies.
Realistic artificial simulation environment can effectively simulate people in natural environment.
An advanced human-computer interaction technology to perceive the behavior of the system. Virtual environments usually
It is generated and controlled by computer, which makes users feel in a virtual environment.
Objects, through the three-dimensional equipment of virtual reality, contact with objects, thus truly
Realize human-computer interaction. It can be said that people in the virtual environment, the real environment is the same.
There is no difference in the development of VR technology, which always revolves around its three characteristics, namely immersion, interactivity and conception. These three important features are the technologies close to them (e.g.
Multimedia technology, computer visualization technology and so on. ). Immersion, refers to meters.
Computer-generated virtual world can give people an immersive feeling, just like entering.
The real objective world; Interactivity means that people can naturally follow the virtual world.
Interact or communicate with objects in the quasi-world; Intention refers to the virtual ring.
Environment can make people immerse themselves in it, gain new knowledge and improve people's perceptual and rational understanding.
Knowledge, so as to deepen the concept and sprout new ideas. Therefore, it can be said that virtual reality can
Stimulate people's creative thinking.
2 Research status of foreign virtual reality technology
VR technology was first developed by American VPL Exploration Company and it in the mid-20th century.
Jamir, the founder of NASA, put forward this concept.
The Ames Space Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States uses the popular liquid crystal display to display TV and others.
Equipment, began to develop low-cost virtual reality system, which promoted the technical hardware.
Progress. At present, virtual reality technology has made great progress. In the countryside
In China, the research began in the late 1980s and is still in the primary stage.
2. 1 research trends of virtual reality technology in the United States
As the birthplace of VR technology, the research level in the United States basically represents
International VR development level. At present, the basic research in this field is mainly concentrated in the United States
There are four aspects: perception, user interface, background software and hardware. The research of NASA Ames Laboratory mainly focuses on
The following aspects: (1) engineering data gloves to make them high-availability products; exist
Johnson Space Center completes real-time simulation of space station operation; Use a lot of noodles
Cockpit flight simulation technology: simulation of Hubble Space Telescope. at once
Committed to a project called "Virtual Planet Exploration" (vPE) o[3 3 Now
NASA has established a virtual reality training system for aviation and satellite maintenance, space station virtual reality.
Training system, and established a national VR education system.
The Computer Department of the University of North Carolina (UNC) was the first to conduct VR research.
University, they mainly study molecular modeling, aviation driving, surgical simulation,
Architectural simulation, etc.
Dr. david warner from Malanda University Medical Center and his research.
The research team successfully used computer graphics and VR equipment to discuss nervous system diseases.
Disease-related problems, the first VR pediatric treatment.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) studies artificial intelligence, robots and computers.
Pioneers of graphics and animation, these technologies are the basis of VR technology, 1985.
M 1T set up a media laboratory to formally study the virtual environment.
Man-machine interface technology laboratory, Washington Technology Center, University of Washington
(1ilT lab), introducing VR research into education, design, entertainment, manufacturing and other fields.
Since the early 1990s, the United States has taken the lead in applying virtual reality technology to the military.
The field is mainly used in the following four aspects: virtual battlefield environment; Conduct personal simulation training
Practice; Implement joint exercises of various services and arms; Conduct commander training.
2.2 Research and development of virtual reality technology in Britain and Japan
In some aspects of VR development, especially distributed parallel processing, aided design
Britain is in a leading position in the design and application research of equipment (including tactile feedback), especially
It's in Europe. There are four main centers engaged in VR technology research in the UK: [4:
Winddustries (Industrial Group Company) is a famous development machine in the international VR field.
Structure occupies a place in important fields such as industrial design and visualization; British
The Brough division of British Airways BAe is using VR.
Technical design of advanced fighter cockpit: Dimension International is desktop VR.
Pioneer. The company has produced a series of commercial VR software packages, all named as
Super range; Divison Co., Ltd. is developing vision, professional vision and SU-
Tmnsputer is the first one used to monitor the system/modular high-speed graphics engine.
And i860 technology.
Japan is mainly committed to the research of establishing a large-scale virtual reality knowledge base.
The research on real games is also in a leading position.
The Advanced Institute of Electronic Communications (ATR) in Kyoto is developing a system,
It can recognize gestures and facial expressions through image processing and use it as a system.
Input; Fujitsu Laboratories Co., Ltd. is studying virtual biology and VR environment.
In terms of interaction, they are still studying gesture recognition in virtual reality, which has been opened.
A neural network attitude recognition system is developed.
The signal language representing words can be recognized. _2 Nara Graduate School of Advanced Technology, Japan
In 2004, a research team led by Seiji Maehara, a university professor, developed a smell.
Sleep simulator, as long as the fruit in the virtual space is pulled to the tip of the nose to smell, this device
It will release the fragrance of fruit at the tip of nose, which is a virtual reality technology in olfactory research.
Breakthrough in research field.
3 Research status of virtual reality technology in China
China's VR technology research started late, and there is still a certain gap with foreign developed countries.
However, it has attracted the attention of relevant state departments and scientists.
According to the national conditions of China, the research plan of VR technology is made. nine
Planning, national natural science foundation, national high-tech research and development plan, etc.
VR has been included in the research project. Some key universities in China have actively invested in it.
Research work in this field.
Computer Department of Beihang University is the earliest VR research in China.
One of the most authoritative units, and has made progress in the following aspects: paying attention to research.
Representation and processing of physical characteristics of objects in virtual environment: views in virtual reality
In the aspect of sensor interface, some hardware is developed, and the related algorithms and implementation methods are put forward.
The network design of distributed virtual environment is realized, which can provide real-time three-dimensional dynamic numbers.
Keywords database, virtual reality demonstration environment, virtual reality system for pilot training,
Virtual reality application system development platform, etc.
Zhejiang university CAD&; CG State Key Laboratory has developed a desktop.
A real-time roaming system of virtual building environment is developed.
A new fast roaming algorithm and fast mesh generation algorithm are proposed. Hardware abstraction layer (abbreviation of hardware abstraction layer)
Binhai University of Technology has successfully created a specific face in human advanced behavior.
Technical problems such as image synthesis, expression synthesis and lip motion synthesis; Tsinghua University
The Department of Computer Science and Technology studies virtual reality and telepresence.
Research; Key Technologies of Virtual Reality in School of Information Engineering, Xi Jiaotong University
The stereoscopic display technology is studied and a stereoscopic display method based on JPEG standard is proposed.
A new quasi-compression coding scheme realizes high compression ratio, signal-to-noise ratio and decompression.
Speed; North china university of technology CAD Research Center is the earliest computer in China.
One of the animation research units, China's first film made entirely by computer animation technology.
The science and education film Similarity is from this center.
4 the development trend of virtual reality technology
VR technology is a highly integrated technology, covering computer software and hardware, sensors.
Technology, stereoscopic display technology, etc. The research content of VR technology can be roughly divided into
The research of VR technology itself and the research of VR technology application can be divided into two categories.
According to the different characteristics of virtual reality, the current virtual reality system mainly
It is divided into four levels: desktop, enhancement, immersion and network distributed virtual.
The essence of quasi-reality VR technology is to establish a system through which people can communicate freely.
Participants can explore or move each other's "world" in real time.
The objects inside. Immersive virtual reality is the most ideal goal that people pursue and realize.
The main way is to wear special helmet display, data gloves and body.
The part tracker can be experienced in the virtual scene through hearing, touch and vision.
Desktop virtual reality system is called "window simulation", although it has some limitations.
Sex, but because of its low cost, it is still widely used. Enhanced virtual reality
The real system is mainly used for a group of people wearing stereoscopic glasses to observe the virtual environment and sex.
Can be between the above two, but also become one of the hot spots of development. In general,
Looking at the development of these years, the future research of VR technology will still follow the principle of "low success"
The principle of "low cost and high performance" is developed from both software and hardware, and will be mainly used in the following aspects.
Direction development: J.
4. 1 dynamic environment modeling technology
The establishment of virtual environment is the core content of virtual reality technology, dynamic environment modeling
The purpose of this technology is to obtain the three-dimensional data of the actual environment and establish the phase as needed.
Virtual environment model.
4.2 Real-time 3D graphics generation and display technology
The generation technology of three-dimensional graphics is mature, and the key is how to "real-time"
Generation ",on the premise of not reducing the graphics quality and complexity, how to improve?
Refresh frequency will be an important research content in the future. In addition, VR also depends on standing.
With the development of volume display and sensor technology, the existing virtual devices can no longer meet the needs of the system.
In order to meet the needs of the system, it is necessary to develop new 3D graphics generation and display technology.
4.3 Development of new interactive devices
Virtual reality realizes the free interaction between people and objects in the virtual world.
Interaction is like being there, and the input and output devices are mainly helmet-mounted displays.
Device, data glove, data suit, three-dimensional position sensor and three-dimensional sound generator.
Wait a minute. Therefore, new, cheap and sturdy data gloves and data suits will be developed.
It is an important direction of future research.
4.4 Intelligent Voice Virtual Reality Modeling
Virtual reality modeling is a complex process and needs a lot of time.
And energy. If VR technology is combined with intelligent technology and speech recognition technology,
Come on, you can solve this problem well. We are interested in the attributes, methods and methods of the model.
The description of general features is transformed into the data needed for modeling by speech recognition technology.
Then, using computer graphics processing technology and artificial intelligence technology to design,
Navigation and evaluation, the basic model is represented by objects, and all kinds of logic are
Connect the basic model statically or dynamically, and finally form the system model. Zaige
After the model is formed, it is evaluated and the results are given, which is directly used by people through language.
Edit and confirm.
4.5 Large-scale network distributed virtual reality (distributed virtual reality,
Application of DVR)
Network distributed virtual reality will be a distributed virtual reality system or simulator.
Through network connection, adopt coordinated structure, standards, protocols and data.
Library, forming a virtual and synthetic environment coupled with each other in time and space.
You can interact freely with others. At present, distributed virtual interactive simulation has been
It has become an international research hotspot, and related standards such as DIS and mA have been issued one after another.
Network distributed VR has great application value in aerospace field, such as the International Space Station.
The participating countries are distributed in different parts of the world, so the distributed VR training environment is not needed.
Rebuilding the simulation system in various countries not only reduces the development cost and equipment cost, but also
It also reduces the cost of business trips and the discomfort of living in different places.
5 abstract
Virtual reality technology is one of the important technologies developed in this century. As a theme,
Science and art will continue to mature and be widely used in all walks of life.
With, and play a magical role, 2 1 century will be the era of virtual reality technology.
Generation.