Emotional management is an interdisciplinary subject of psychology and management, and it is a process of perception, control and adjustment of individual and group emotions. This paper talks about emotional management from the perspective of evolutionary psychology. Welcome to read and understand.
Evolutionary psychology, as a new direction of psychological research, discusses the adaptive value of emotions in survival from the perspective of racial evolution, indicating that negative emotions and positive emotions play different roles in the evolution process. Evolutionary psychology gives new enlightenment to emotional management: (1) regulating cognition, negative emotions are a kind of self-protection behavior of human beings; (2) Nature is our most primitive mother, and being close to nature is conducive to relaxing; (3) Looking for a breakthrough in work from negative emotions.
Evolutionary psychology, emotional management, positive emotions, negative emotions.
Emotion is people's attitude towards objective things. As an important individual psychological process, its influence on individual cognition and behavior is highly valued by psychologists. With the progress and development of society, individuals must face the faster pace of life and bear more and more work pressure. A fast-paced lifestyle makes individuals nervous. Emotional loss of control is like a nail driven into a board. Even if it is pulled out, there is still a hole that is difficult to bridge. Therefore, emotional management has great potential in improving individual mental health and improving enterprise efficiency. ①
1 definition of emotional management
Daniel Gorman first proposed emotional management. He believes that when we effectively control or adjust the adverse reactions caused by events or contradictions in life, and can relieve our tension in time with humor and optimism, it is effective emotional management. ②
The research on emotions in different fields is based on denying the role of negative emotions, and it is believed that individuals should avoid and resist negative emotions, thus forming a one-sided position that individuals can only destroy their own lives and cannot help themselves. According to Prachik's point of view, from the process of racial evolution, emotion is not only the product of evolution, but also a psychological tool to adapt to survival. As a psychological activity of the body, emotion appears to control and cope with the living environment and enhance the viability. ③
2 the evolutionary perspective of emotional management
2. 1 What is evolutionary psychology?
Evolutionary psychology is a new research direction of western psychology in recent years. The basic idea of evolutionary psychology is: evolutionary psychology is a longitudinal study, so the past is the key to understand the biological psychological mechanism; The main way to understand the biological psychological mechanism is functional analysis; The psychological mechanism of an organism is assumed to be a modular whole organization; Organisms are some specific psychological mechanisms that have evolved slowly in the process of solving problems; The interaction between psychological mechanism and environment leads to the behavior of organisms. ④
2.2 Evolutionary psychology's interpretation of emotions
Prachik pointed out from the perspective of evolutionary psychology that emotion is at the forefront of psychological activities and is the timely response and signal of organisms; Emotional changes provide physical preparation for individuals; The explicit expression of emotions facilitates the transmission of information between individuals and directly constitutes social media; The formation and development of human consciousness can not be separated from the individual's subjective experience of emotion. Therefore, Prachik believes that emotion is an adaptive means to struggle for survival in the process of individual evolution, rather than a passive or accidental psychological by-product. ⑤
3 negative emotions and positive emotions from the perspective of evolutionary psychology
Positive emotion is a pleasant feeling of the body, and negative emotion is an unpleasant feeling when the body's needs are not met. They have different physiological responses and different adaptive meanings in the process of evolution. ⑥
3. 1 negative emotions
Negative emotions are the objects that individuals are afraid to avoid, such as anger, disgust, anger and fear. These emotions have always been rejected by individuals, and what individuals care about is "how to overcome negative emotions". Studies have shown that negative emotions can produce hormones that are harmful to the human body, so in previous studies, negative emotions were targeted without hesitation.
The research results of evolutionary psychology washed away the resentment of negative emotions. Evolutionary psychology believes that negative emotions such as disgust, fear and anger are adaptive behaviors of individuals when they resist external threats in the process of evolution, so negative emotions are products with adaptive significance. Evolutionary psychology explains that anger is produced by individuals in order to enhance their viability and prompt them to make aggressive behaviors quickly; The sense of disgust is to protect individual interests from infringement and urge individuals to expel quickly; And fear is what individuals need to survive in the face of threats, prompting individuals to make quick escape behaviors and so on.
Therefore, as can be seen from the above, when an individual is in a negative mood, his thinking is focused on the situation or events that lead to his negative mood, so that his body and mind can be prepared to confront the negative situation at any time in the shortest time, thus protecting the individual's life in an environment that may be threatened at any time.
3.2 Positive emotions
From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, positive emotions are different from negative emotions. Positive emotions solve the problem of individual growth and development, not the problem of individual survival. Positive emotions, such as happiness, satisfaction, pride, happiness and love, have the same meaning although their forms are slightly different. The same function of positive emotions is to stimulate individual thinking; Enhance the individual's intelligence, physical strength, psychological adjustment ability and social coordination ability, so that individuals can obtain more personal resources and so on.
Positive emotions expand the scope of individual's cognition, attention and thinking, which is convenient for individuals to obtain information quickly and make reasonable analysis, so as to carry out more appropriate creative behavior activities. In addition, positive emotions can also produce positive chain reactions. For example, individuals in happy situations often show the ability to extend their intelligence, psychology and social adaptation. ⑦
4 New Enlightenment of Evolutionary Psychology on Emotional Management
This paper puts forward some views on the places that are easily overlooked in previous studies:
(1) Regulating cognition, negative emotions are a kind of self-protection behavior of human beings. Evolutionary psychology holds that negative emotions are the adaptive products of human evolution and the adaptive behaviors made by our ancestors to enhance the survival ability of organisms in the face of threats. Therefore, negative emotions are not always useless, and it is necessary for us to re-recognize negative emotions. For example, when your needs are not met and you feel frustrated, you should change your way of thinking, find the positive meaning of negative emotions, free yourself from negative psychological states such as dissatisfaction and anxiety, and make yourself less hurt.
(2) Relax and get close to nature. Being close to nature is good for emotional management. Because our ancestors were born here, they are naturally our most primitive mothers. French writer Mo Luoa described the comfort of nature as follows: "Nature is the broadest and kindest refuge. The vastness of forests and mountains and seas can best soothe the mental trauma of peaceful recovery. "
(3) Looking for a breakthrough in work from negative emotions. Evolutionary psychology interprets negative emotions in employees' work as adaptive behaviors when personal interests are violated. Enterprises should attach importance to the emotional management of employees and protect their vested interests. This can not only reduce employees' emotional excesses, but also be a good way to find a breakthrough in their work.
To annotate ...
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