1, the main chemical properties of methane
(1) oxidation reaction CH4 (g) +2O2 (g) CO2 (g) +2H2O (l)
(2) substitution reaction
2. Main chemical properties of ethylene
(1) oxidation reaction: C2H4+3O2CO2+2H2O.
(2) Addition reaction
Ethylene can also react with hydrogen, hydrogen chloride and water.
CH2=CH2 + H2 CH3CH3
CH2 = CH2=CH2+HCl CH3CH2Cl (monochloroethane)
CH2=CH2+H2O CH3CH2OH (ethanol)
(3) polymerization:
3. The main chemical properties of benzene
(1) oxidation reaction 2c6h6+15o212co2+6H2O.
(2) substitution reaction
① + Br2 + HBr
(2) Benzene reacts with nitric acid (represented by HONO2 _ 2) to produce an oily liquid-nitrobenzene, which is colorless, insoluble in water, smells like bitter almond and has a higher density than water.
+Hafnium oxide+H2O
(3) Addition reaction
Using nickel as catalyst, benzene reacts with hydrogen to form cyclohexane.
+ 3H2
4. Important chemical properties of ethanol
The reaction of (1) ethanol with metallic sodium.
2CH3CH2OH+2Na 2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑
(2) Oxidation reaction of ethanol
① Combustion of ethanol: ch3ch2oh+3o2o2co2+3h2o.
② Catalytic oxidation of ethanol.
2CH3CH2OH+O2 2CH3CHO+2H2O
Oxidation reaction of acetaldehyde ③ ethanol at room temperature.
CH3CH2OH CH3COOH
5. Important chemical properties of acetic acid
Acidity of (1) acetic acid
① Acetic acid can turn purple litmus test solution red.
② Acetic acid can react with carbonate to generate carbon dioxide gas.
Using the acidity of acetic acid, acetic acid can be used to remove scale (CaCO3 is the main component);
2ch 3 cooh+CaCO3(ch 3c oo)2Ca+H2O+CO2
Acetic acid can also react with sodium carbonate to generate carbon dioxide gas;
2ch 3 cooh+na2co 3 2ch 3 coona+H2O+CO2↑
The above two reactions can prove that acetic acid is more acidic than carbonic acid.
(2) Esterification of acetic acid
① reaction principle
Ethyl acetate is the main product of the reaction between acetic acid and ethanol. It is a colorless, fragrant, water-insoluble oily liquid with lower density than water.
6、c 12h 22 o 1 1+H2O→c 6h 12o 6+c 6h 12o 6
7. Hydrolysis is an important chemical property of oil.
Hydrolysis of (1) oil under acidic conditions
Oil +H2O glycerol+higher fatty acids
(2) Hydrolysis of oil under alkaline conditions (also called saponification reaction)
Oil +H2O glycerol+higher fatty acids
Protein +H2O amino acid