Modernization puts forward higher requirements for personnel training, but this requirement is still not limited to mastering scientific and cultural knowledge. If college students want to be useful talents to society, they must develop in an all-round way in moral, intellectual and physical aspects. These three are the unity of mutual connection and mutual restriction, in which morality is the direction and motive force of personal service to society, intelligence is the ability of personal service to society, and body is the material basis of personal service to society, and all three are indispensable. It is necessary to educate students on moral etiquette and train them to learn to be "people" and start from small things. From the cultivation of daily words and deeds, we should not only strengthen the education of cultural knowledge for college students, but also strengthen the education of ideological and political education, moral education, discipline education and legal education for college students, so that students can develop morally, intellectually and physically in an all-round way and can't be shaken at any time. Of course, improving students' comprehensive quality involves many aspects of work, and the civilized quality of college students mentioned here is only a part of it. In real life, we college students do have such uncivilized behavior, and college students need to make up lessons in civilized education. This paper focuses on the analysis of the causes of uncivilized behavior of college students.
First, the existence and improper pursuit of utilitarian temptation-the social reasons for college students' uncivilized behavior
The so-called uncivilized behavior refers to the damage to the interests of society and others and the resulting damage to the moral and social order. Here: benefit is a key word. Marx and Engels were able to discover historical materialism because they discovered the material interests behind people's behavioral motives.
Utilitarianism and interest are inseparable, which mainly refers to the sum of material interests based on the material needs of actors, mediated by certain social relations and means of social practice, including three elements. First, the natural basis of utilitarianism, that is, the material needs of people themselves; The second is the objective condition of utility, that is, the social relationship of human material; Third, the objective means of utilitarian realization-social practice.
There is a close relationship between utility and morality. There are two diametrically opposed views on this relationship: one holds that the pursuit of utility is a kind of goodness in itself, and moral goodness is the pursuit of maximum utility; The other believes that utilitarianism will lead to moral corruption, and all evils stem from greed for profits. In fact, both views have one-sided truth. As mentioned above, in the ultimate sense, the root of evil must be found in human social relations. The function mechanism of utility on morality should also be found from the sociality of utility. First of all, from the perspective of "needs" that constitute utility, it seems to be only related to people's objective desires. In fact, it can't exist without social relations. Different social relations need different contents and forms. Hunger is a need for food. "But eating meat with a knife and fork is different from eating raw meat with hands, nails and teeth." [1] Secondly, the purpose of satisfying utilitarian needs is also related to people's social relations. Originally, people's needs are a psychological activity. There is no distinction between good and evil in people's minds, but people's sociality makes things not so simple: the degree of development of social productive forces determines that people cannot obtain the material information they need, that is, not everything they think can be achieved. This makes people's needs complicated, including personal needs and national (people's) needs, as well as legal and illegal, reasonable and unreasonable needs. Striving for human needs will produce noble behavior; People's improper thoughts and pursuits will produce evil. Thirdly, from the perspective of the realization process of utility, when some people's needs are met and their own utility is realized, it will always have a positive or negative dual impact on society and others: on the positive side, the acquisition of one person's utility can create conditions for the realization of others and social utility, thus producing positive effects; On the other hand, on the negative side, one's utilitarian gain may be based on the premise of harming the interests of society or others. This is the negative effect of utilitarianism, namely evil. If utilitarianism is only possible to do evil at the level of human needs, then the acquisition and realization of human utilitarianism may lead to the reality of doing evil. So whether utilitarianism leads to good or evil depends on people's attitude towards utilitarianism. If we pursue social interests, for the benefit of the people, and put them into action, the realistic result derived is goodness, which is the greatest goodness; If you pursue illegitimate interests and put them into action, the consequences must be evil.
Second, the value dislocation-the subjective factor of uncivilized behavior of college students
Evil is the product of human free will, and morality is related to the subject's value cognition. If the values are misplaced, there may be uncivilized behavior and even the abyss of sin. There are generally three manifestations of value dislocation.
1, the dislocation between individual and society
In social life, a fundamental value problem is how to deal with the relationship between self and others or society, and organically combine self-value with social value. In this regard, there is a contradiction between egoism and collectivism in moral values. Most people who are out of place with society advocate the supremacy of personal interests, and do not hesitate to harm the interests of others or society for personal interests. They pursue "every man for himself, and the devil takes the hindmost", and often show a tendency of "only me" in their behavior, taking "me" as the center of society and putting themselves in a position opposite to society; When dealing with the relationship between individuals and society, individuals are often regarded as the standard, and society is "secondary", emphasizing the satisfaction of individual needs and interests, while ignoring the interests of society or others. The excessive expression of "solipsism" is "no ego". As Mr. Li Jianhua pointed out in The Theory of Original Sin, excessive egoism is not moral selflessness. Is to completely give up their own essence, rights, happiness, value, and achieve complete self-loss. They sacrificed their happiness and joy, but their sacrifice was just as Marx said: "As the sacrifice of asceticism, nothing was created. A man can extinguish his lust and torture himself all day like a monk, but the sacrifices he makes will not provide anything. " [2] If most people in a society are such "no-self" people, then this society must be rigid, inflexible and lacking in vitality and vitality. One of the main reasons for the spread of social ugliness is that too many people are insensitive, do not know their legal rights to protect themselves, and lack strong personal willpower and sense of justice.
2. Dislocation between giving and taking.
Dedication and taking are two basic states of life, and they are also basic parameters to measure the value of life. A person who can correctly grasp the relationship between giving and taking can at least be a contented person, even if he can't be a noble person. A person who only talks about taking but not giving will certainly become a despicable person, an immoral person and even a wicked person.
A person who only talks about taking, but doesn't pay, can become evil or vertical evil because he doesn't understand that giving is the basis of taking. Human ancestors mainly passively adapted to nature and obtained food from nature to survive. In the long labor process of asking for food from nature, he gradually changed from a servant of nature to a master of nature. The reversal of this relationship is realized in the labor of obtaining living materials from nature, which is a decisive step for human beings to leave the animal kingdom. However, from the day people left the animal kingdom and entered the human society, the survival and development of individuals are closely related to society and others, that is, individuals must take into account their dedication to others and contribute to the social collective while demanding from society. Therefore, if what a person asks for exceeds his contribution to society, it has actually harmed the interests of others, which is a kind of evil.
Because people who only talk about taking and don't think about giving don't know the relationship between giving and taking. Such people don't know that only taking based on labor and conforming to law and morality is a legitimate claim, and the rest are illegitimate claims. The dislocation of giving and taking will lead to immoral behavior: people who only talk about taking often only pay attention to their own rights and don't understand that the essence and foundation of rights are obligations to others and society. Any rights of human beings are not born, but are determined by social and economic structure. Rights not only show that individuals can pursue interests freely and equally, but also show the objective requirements of national, ethnic and social development. Rights are not only the enjoyment of the interests of others and society, but also the obligations and responsibilities to society and others in essence. A life with rights and no obligations, even if it is possible in real life, is a tyrannical, arrogant and sinful life.
Thirdly, indulgence of desire-the psychological root of uncivilized behavior of college students.
Desire is the real natural existence of life. Everyone is full of all kinds of desires. "He needs to communicate with the outside world and needs the means to satisfy this desire: food, the opposite sex, books, conversations, debates, activities, consumer goods and operating objects." [3] As an organism, the physiological process of various senses is a primitive spontaneous life activity, which makes people's desires have natural characteristics. But people are social people after all, and their physiological process of feeling desire is realized in social relations, which has certain sociality. Morality is the social security or social control mechanism of the subject's sensory activities. Therefore, people's specific desire is the unity of human physiological instinct and social norms. Desire without social regulations is an instinctive impulse of animals. To measure and control people's desires without social norms is to indulge their desires. Epicurus once pointed out that desires can be divided into three types: "Some desires are natural and necessary, some are natural and unnecessary, and some are neither natural nor necessary." Here, Epicurus actually put forward the boundary between legitimate desire and illegitimate desire.
In addition to natural physiological factors, external temptations (money, power, reputation, beauty, status, etc.) exist. ) It often makes weak-willed people forget or lose their willpower to abide by social norms. Indulgence makes people lose their dignity; Indulgence makes people have no lofty ideals and hurts others to satisfy their own desires. Therefore, we must control our desires. Temperance is rational self-restraint of desire. On the one hand, the doctrine of the mean admits the existence of desire, and thinks that people should realize the realizable part of desire, and a good social system should be able to realize all reasonable desires of people; On the other hand, it requires restraint in arbitrary indulgence. Therefore, temperance is not only the inevitable requirement of moralization of desire, but also the inevitable result of moralization of desire. Goethe once famously said, "greatness expresses itself in moderation", which also contains another truth: uncivilized mediocrity or sinners express themselves in indulgence.
Colleges and universities are the cradle of cultivating socialist builders and successors. It is necessary to advocate and educate college students in the new century to infiltrate the spirit of collectivism into all aspects of study and life, learn to correctly understand and handle the relationship between national, collective and individual interests, and advocate that individual interests are subordinate to collective interests, school interests are subordinate to national interests and current interests are subordinate to long-term interests; Advocate the integration of personal ideals and struggles into the common ideals and struggles of the broad masses of the people, and oppose selfish behavior. We should learn to correctly handle the relationship between competition and cooperation, learn to respect, understand and care for others, do more good for schools and classmates, and oppose money worship, hedonism and extreme individualism. We should carry forward the spirit of patriotism, improve national self-esteem, self-confidence and pride, take loving the motherland and serving the people as the greatest glory, and harm the interests of the motherland and national dignity as the greatest shame, advocate learning scientific knowledge, scientific ideas, scientific spirit and scientific methods, work hard and study diligently, and oppose feudal superstition and laziness. We should vigorously advocate social morality with civility and courtesy, helping others, caring for public property, protecting the environment and obeying the law as the main contents, and be a good citizen of society; Vigorously advocate professional ethics with honesty and trustworthiness, dedication, fairness and decency, serving the masses and contributing to society as the main content, and be a good builder in work; Vigorously advocate family virtues with filial piety, caring for brothers, frugality and simplicity as the main content, and be a good member of the family.