The first part "Chemical Engineering Principles" examination outline
1. Chemical engineering and technology applicable to enrollment: chemical process, chemical engineering, industrial catalysis.
Two. The basic requirements of the exam
1.
Definition, unit and influencing factors of fluid density and viscosity, definition, expression and unit conversion of pressure; Hydrostatic equation, continuity equation, Bernoulli equation and their applications; Flow pattern and its criterion, physical significance and Reynolds number calculation; Calculation of mechanical energy loss when fluid flows in pipeline: calculation of simple pipeline; Working principle, performance parameters, characteristic curve, working point and flow regulation of centrifugal pump, installation and use of pump, etc.
Basic calculation formulas of gravity settlement and centrifugal settlement of heterogeneous mixture: filtration mechanism and basic equation.
Heat transfer characteristics of heat conduction, thermal convection and thermal radiation; The basic equation of conduction heat transfer and its application in the steady heat transfer process of flat wall and cylindrical wall: the basic principle and coefficient of convection heat transfer, the correlation of convection heat transfer coefficient when fluid is forced to turbulent in straight tube and its application; Calculation of total heat transfer process; Structure and heat transfer calculation of tubular heat exchanger.
Representation and transformation of phase composition; Solubility of gas in liquid, various expressions of Henry's law and their relationships; Application of phase equilibrium; Molecular diffusion, Fick's law and their applications in equimolecular reverse diffusion and unidirectional diffusion; The concept of mass transfer; Key points of double-film theory; Absorbing material balance, working line equation and graphic solution; The concept of minimum liquid-gas ratio and the determination of absorbent dosage; Calculation of packing layer height, definition and physical significance of mass transfer unit height and mass transfer unit number, and calculation of mass transfer unit number (horizontal driving force method and absorption factor method); Design and calculation of absorption tower.
Gas-liquid equilibrium relationship and phase diagram representation of binary ideal system; Principle and process analysis of distillation; Calculation of two-component continuous distillation column (including material balance calculation, operation line equation, Q line equation, calculation of feed thermal condition parameter Q, determination of reflux ratio, calculation of theoretical plate number, etc.). ); Structure and gas-liquid flow mode of plate tower, non-ideal flow and abnormal operation phenomenon of plate tower, total tower efficiency and single plate efficiency, tower height and tower diameter calculation.
Properties and calculation of wet air; Enthalpy-humidity diagram of humid air and its application: material balance and heat balance in drying process: characteristics of constant speed drying stage and slow speed drying stage; The nature of the water contained in the material.
Liquid-liquid extraction process; Triangular phase diagram and its properties.
Bernoulli demonstration experiment; Reno demonstration experiment; Fluid resistance experiment; Centrifugal pump performance experiment; Distillation experiment; Absorption (desorption) experiment.
2. Familiar content
Characteristics of laminar flow and turbulent flow: key points of complex pipeline calculation; Working principle, basic structure and calculation of tachometer, orifice flowmeter and rotor flowmeter; Working principle and volume characteristics of reciprocating pump; Performance parameters and characteristic curve of centrifugal fan.
Division of subsidence area; Calculation of production capacity of dust settling chamber.
Phase change convection heat transfer process and its influencing factors: calculation of average temperature difference of complex flow: design points of tubular heat exchanger: measures to strengthen heat transfer process.
The corresponding relationship between various mass transfer rate equations, mass transfer coefficients and mass transfer driving forces; The relationship between various mass transfer coefficients; Gas film control and liquid film control; Selection of absorbent; Operation analysis of absorption tower: desorption characteristics and calculation.
Simple calculation method of theoretical plate number: heat balance of distillation unit; Characteristics and calculation of equilibrium distillation and simple distillation; Main types of trays, characteristics and functions of tray load performance diagram.
The state change of air when it passes through the dryer; The meaning of critical water content and its influencing factors; Calculation method of drying time in constant-speed drying stage: strengthening of drying process.
Material balance and lever law.
3. What do you know
Laminar inner layer and boundary layer; Working principle and characteristics of other chemical pumps; Working principle of reciprocating compressor.
Structure, principle and selection of dust settling chamber, sedimentation tank, centrifugal sedimentation, filtration and other equipment; Strengthen the separation process of heterogeneous mixture.
Types, structures and working principles of common heat exchangers; Basic concept and calculation of thermal radiation; Convection and radiation combined heat transfer.
Molecular diffusion coefficient and its influencing factors; Derivation of basic equation for tower height calculation.
Characteristics of other distillation methods; Strengthening and prospect of distillation process.
Structure and working principle of various dryers; Key points of dryer design.
Phase equilibrium of partially miscible systems: Distribution coefficient and selectivity coefficient; Single-stage extraction; Multistage cross-flow extraction; Multi-stage countercurrent extraction; Extraction equipment.
Three. Examination method and time
The exam is a closed-book written test, and an electronic calculator without dictionary and programming function can be used; Examination time 1.5 hours.
Four. The main contents and requirements of the examination
1, Overview of Fluid Flow and Hydrostatics
Fluid flow and transportation problems; Research methods of fluid flow; Steady flow and unsteady flow; The force of fluid flow; Newton's viscosity law; Physical properties of the fluid; Pressure characteristics and expression methods; Static equation and its application; Liquid column differential pressure gauge.
2. Conservation principle of fluid flow
Definition of flow and speed; Mass conservation of fluid flow; Conservation of mechanical energy of fluid flow; Bernoulli equation and its application: principle and application of momentum conservation.
3. Calculation of internal structure and resistance of fluid flow.
Reynolds experiment; Two flow modes and standards; Characteristics of laminar flow and turbulent flow: shear stress distribution and velocity distribution of pipe flow; Boundary layer concept; Boundary layer separation phenomenon; Straight pipe resistance; Laminar flow resistance; Friction coefficient; Turbulent resistance-dimensional analysis method: the concept of equivalent (equivalent diameter, equivalent length); Local resistance; Calculation of total flow resistance.
4, pipeline calculation and flow measurement
Simple pipeline calculation: characteristics and methods of pipeline design calculation and pipeline operation calculation; Characteristics and calculation method of complex pipeline; Influence of flow resistance on pipeline flow: measurement principle and calculation method of orifice flowmeter, venturi flowmeter and rotor flowmeter.
5. Centrifugal pump
Classification of fluid conveying machinery; Pipeline characteristic equation; Analysis method of pipeline with pump-process decomposition method: working principle and main components of centrifugal pump; Gas combination phenomenon; Theoretical pressure head and analysis: performance parameters and characteristic curves; Working point and flow regulation; Principle of combined operation and selection of pumps; Installation height and cavitation; Operation and selection of centrifugal pump.
6, other types of pumps and gas conveying machinery
Working principle, structure, performance parameters and flow regulation of positive displacement pumps (reciprocating pumps, rotor pumps, etc.). ); The structure, working principle and flow regulation of vortex pump; Classification of gas conveying machinery; Working principle of centrifugal fan; Performance parameters and calculation; Roots blower, vacuum pump, centrifugal compressor and reciprocating compressor.
7, liquid stirring
The purpose and method of stirring; Basic components of mechanical stirring device; Types and characteristics of commonly used mixers; Function of agitator; Mixing mechanism of homogeneous liquid; The mixing mechanism of heterogeneous systems; Performance of common mixers; Measures to strengthen turbulence.
8. Flow of fluid through granular layer
Introduction to heterogeneous separation: characteristics of granular bed: pressure drop of fluid passing through granular bed-mathematical model method: filtration principle and equipment; Concepts of filtration speed, driving force and resistance-engineering treatment method of filtration speed: basic equation of filtration and its application: filtration constant; Constant pressure filtration and constant speed filtration; Performance analysis and calculation of plate and frame filter: performance analysis and calculation of pressure vane filter: performance analysis and calculation of rotary vacuum filter: ways to speed up filtration.
9. Sedimentation and fluidization of particles
Settlement principle; Resistance of fluid to particle motion; Resistance coefficient of spherical particles and Stokes law: free settlement process; Gravity settling velocity; Gravity settling equipment (performance analysis of dust settling chamber); Centrifugal settling velocity; Centrifugal sedimentation equipment (performance analysis of cyclone separator); The concept of solid fluidization; Bulk fluidization and polymerization fluidization; Fluidization curve and fluidized bed characteristics; Initial fluidization speed and withdrawal speed; Fluidized bed operation and its strengthening.
10, heat transfer overview and heat conduction
The application of heat transfer process in chemical production-the basic mode of heat transfer: industrial heat exchange process; Heat transfer rate; Fourier law; Thermal conductivity and its influencing factors; One-dimensional steady-state heat conduction calculation (single layer and multi-layer flat wall, single layer and multi-layer cylindrical wall).
1 1. Convective heat exchange
Analysis of convective heat transfer process: Newton's cooling law; Convective heat transfer coefficient and its influencing factors; Establishment of empirical correlation of phase-invariant convective heat transfer coefficient: quasi-number equation and physical meaning of quasi-number: forced convective heat transfer inside tube, forced convective heat transfer outside tube, natural convective heat transfer, vapor condensation heat transfer and liquid boiling heat transfer.
12. Thermal radiation
The radiation ability of an object; Stephen Boltzmann's law; Shikhov's law; Radiative heat transfer between two ash bodies.
Calculation of heat transfer process
Heat transfer process between walls; Heat balance formula and total heat transfer rate equation; Calculation of total heat transfer coefficient, thermal resistance and average temperature difference of heat transfer-engineering treatment method of heat transfer rate; Fouling thermal resistance; Calculation of wall temperature; Parameter selection and calculation method of heat transfer design problem; Analysis and calculation methods of heat transfer operation problems (heat transfer efficiency and number of heat transfer units).
14. heat exchanger
Types, structures and applications of baffle heat exchangers: design and selection of tubular heat exchangers: strengthening of heat exchangers and other types.
Overview of gas absorption and gas-liquid equilibrium
Absorption basis; The purpose of absorption; Industrial implementation of absorption process; Absorption and desorption characteristics; Classification of absorption process; Selection of absorbent; Economy of absorption process; Solubility of gas in liquid; Henry's law; Influence of temperature and pressure on phase equilibrium; Relationship between phase equilibrium and absorption process.
Diffusion and single-phase mass transfer
Molecular diffusion and Fick's law; Molecular diffusion in gas phase and liquid phase (equimolar back diffusion, single phase diffusion); Diffusion coefficient and its influencing factors; Eddy diffusion and convective mass transfer; Mass transfer rate equation and mass transfer coefficient in phase.
17. Interphase mass transfer
Double membrane theory; Interphase mass transfer rate equation and total mass transfer coefficient; Relationship between mass transfer driving force and mass transfer coefficient —— Engineering treatment method of mass transfer rate: mass transfer resistance analysis and mass resistance control in absorption process.
18. Calculation of absorption (desorption) of low concentration gas
Low concentration gas absorption hypothesis; Material balance and operation line equation; Calculation of mass transfer rate and height of packing layer: number of mass transfer units and height-process decomposition method of mass transfer units; Calculation of the number of mass transfer units; Design and calculation of absorption tower (selection of parameters in absorption process design; Minimum liquid-gas ratio; The influence of backmixing in the tower); Operation calculation of absorption tower (calculation method and strengthening of absorption process); Comparative analysis of absorption and desorption processes; Calculation of plate absorber.
19. Overview of liquid distillation and vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary system
Distillation basis; Distillation purpose; Industrial implementation of distillation process; Economy of distillation operation; Vapor-liquid equilibrium of ideal solution; Raoul's law, phase diagram and phase equilibrium curve; Calculation of bubble point and dew point; Relative volatility; Gas-liquid equilibrium of non-ideal solution.
20. Balanced distillation and simple distillation
Equilibrium distillation; Simple distillation; Comparison between equilibrium distillation and simple distillation.
2 1. correction, correction; Rectification; Rectification; Find the length
Distillation principle; Material balance of the whole tower; Constant molar flow hypothesis; Theoretical tray and tray efficiency; Process analysis of feed tray: operating equations of rectification section and stripping section.
22. Design calculation and operation calculation of binary distillation
Plate-by-plate calculation and graphic method of theoretical tray; Influence and selection of reflux ratio; Total reflux and minimum theoretical plate number; Minimum reflux ratio; Influence and selection of feed thermal conditions; Other types of two-component distillation processes; Actual tray and total tower efficiency; Calculation of packed distillation column: influence of operating parameters on distillation process: temperature distribution and sensitive plate of distillation column.
23. Batch distillation and special distillation
Characteristics of batch distillation; Constant reflux ratio operation and constant distillate composition operation; Principle and application of azeotropic distillation: principle and application of extractive distillation: comparison between azeotropic distillation and extractive distillation.
24. Gas-liquid mass transfer equipment
General requirements for tower equipment in gas-liquid mass transfer process; Types and characteristics of tower equipment; Design intention of plate tower; Structure of plate tower; Gas-liquid contact state on the plate; Hydraulic performance and abnormal operation of tray; Pallet load performance diagram; Efficiency of plate tower; Evaluate the performance index of plate tower; Common tray types and characteristics; Process calculation content of sieve plate tower; Packed tower structure; Types and characteristics of fillers; Gas-liquid two-phase flow in packed tower: the relationship between pressure drop in packed tower and gas velocity in empty tower: minimum spray density; Process calculation method of packed tower: mass transfer in packed tower.
25. Liquid-liquid extraction
Liquid-liquid extraction process; Triangular phase diagram and its properties: material balance and lever law; Phase equilibrium of partially miscible systems: Distribution coefficient and selectivity coefficient; Single-stage extraction; Multistage cross-flow extraction; Multi-stage countercurrent extraction; Extraction equipment.
26. Overview of solid drying and drying statics
Dehumidification method of materials; Classification of drying process; Economy of drying operation; Properties and calculation of wet air; Air humidity chart and its application: the changing process of wet air state; Water balance between gas phase and solid phase (bound water and unbound water, balanced water and free water)
27. Calculation of drying rate and drying process
Drying rate under constant drying conditions; Drying curve and drying rate curve; Drying mechanism; Calculation of intermittent drying process: characteristics of continuous drying process; Material balance, heat balance and thermal efficiency of dryer in continuous drying process.
28. Drying equipment
Desiccant commonly used in industry; Performance requirements and selection principles of dryers.
29. Experiment.
(1) Bernoulli demonstration experiment
Measuring heads in static and flowing fluids and their mutual conversion; Verify the hydrostatic principle and Bernoulli equation; Measure the change of fluid flow head and the corresponding head loss to determine the relationship between them.
(2) Renault demonstration experiment
Observe the relationship between Reynolds number and fluid flow type; Observe the velocity distribution of fluid particles in laminar flow.
(3) fluid resistance experiment
Master the measurement method of fluid flow resistance, and measure the friction resistance coefficient and local resistance coefficient of straight pipe; The relationship between frictional resistance coefficient in laminar flow region and Reynolds number and relative roughness of pipeline is verified.
(4) Centrifugal pump performance experiment
Determine the performance curve of centrifugal pump and the best working range; Determination of orifice flow coefficient of orifice flowmeter.
(5) Experiment of measuring the film coefficient of forced convection heat transfer.
The coefficient and index in the standard number correlation of heat transfer film coefficient are determined by experiments. The factors affecting the coefficient of heat transfer film are analyzed. Understand the method of enhancing heat transfer.
(6) Distillation experiment
Master the operation method and adjustment method of distillation column; The efficiency of total reflux tower and veneer efficiency were measured.
(7) Adsorption (desorption) experiment
Observe the hydrodynamic state of packed tower and determine the relationship curve between pressure drop and gas velocity; The total mass transfer coefficient was measured and its influencing factors were analyzed.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) test paper structure
The full score of the test paper is 50, and the problem is solved and calculated.
The main reference books of intransitive verbs
Chen Minheng et al. Principles of Chemical Engineering (Volumes I and II) (Third Edition). Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2006.
The second part "reaction engineering" examination outline
First, the application of enrollment majors
Chemical engineering and technology: chemical technology, chemical engineering, industrial catalysis.
Two. The basic requirements of the exam
Candidates are required to master the basic principle of chemical reaction engineering, the basic calculation of ideal reactor and the basic concept of non-ideal reactor, and have the ability to analyze and solve practical engineering problems by using the basic knowledge of chemical reaction engineering.
1. Master the basic concept of homogeneous chemical reaction kinetics and the method of establishing kinetic equation.
2. Master the form, characteristics and basic calculation of the ideal reactor.
3. Master the characteristics of simple series reaction, series reaction, parallel reaction, reversible reaction and autocatalytic reaction, and the relationship between different reactor types and reaction conversion rate, selectivity and yield.
4. Master the basic concept and expression method of non-ideal flow reactor, the concept of residence time distribution and the significance and determination of residence time distribution parameters. Understand the form of non-ideal flow model and the method to deal with the problem.
5. Master the concept of intrinsic kinetics of gas-solid catalytic reaction and the method of establishing kinetic model.
6. Master the content of macro-kinetics of gas-solid catalytic reaction, the concept of effective factor and basic calculation.
7. Master the modeling method of gas-solid catalytic fixed bed reactor.
Three. Examination method and time
The exam is a closed-book written test, and an electronic calculator without dictionary and programming function can be used; The examination time is 45 minutes.
Four. The main contents and requirements of the examination
1. Homogeneous chemical reaction kinetics
Calculation of simple series reaction, series reaction, parallel reaction, reversible reaction and autocatalytic reaction under isothermal conditions.
2. Homogeneous ideal reactor
Understand the concept of backmixing, the form, operation mode and characteristics of ideal reactor.
Calculation of reaction time, reactor volume, conversion rate, yield and selectivity when simple series reaction, series reaction, parallel reaction, reversible reaction and autocatalytic reaction are carried out in ideal reactor.
3. Non-ideal flow reactor
Basic concept of non-ideal flow, residence time distribution and simple calculation of non-ideal flow model.
4. Kinetics of gas-solid catalytic reaction
The basic concepts of adsorption and reaction on catalyst surface, the methods of establishing intrinsic kinetics and macro-kinetics, and the calculation method of effective factor of catalyst.
5. Gas-solid catalytic fixed bed reactor
The modeling method of fixed bed reactor, simple model derivation and the significance of model parameters.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) test paper structure
The test paper has 25 points, all of which are solutions.
The main reference books of intransitive verbs
, Tang, Zhou, Chemical Reaction Engineering. Beijing Chemical Industry Press 2000.
The third part "Chemical Thermodynamics" examination outline
First, the application of enrollment majors
Chemical engineering and technology: chemical technology, chemical engineering, industrial catalysis.
Two. The basic requirements of the exam
Candidates are required to systematically understand the knowledge structure of chemical thermodynamics, master the basic definitions and concepts, and master the methods of obtaining thermodynamic property data (consulting literature, establishing mathematical models, using experimental data, etc.). ) and evaluation methods; And master the application method of thermodynamic principles (analyzing and calculating process conditions or system characteristics in view of phase equilibrium and chemical equilibrium and energy conversion and utilization in chemical production). Specifically including:
Master the use of truncated virial equation, cubic equation and generalized correlation;
Familiar with the basic selection method of state equation;
Master the calculation method of saturated liquid volume;
Master the calculation of residual properties, enthalpy change and entropy change of single-component fluid;
Master the use of water vapor meter and thermal property diagram;
Master the analysis and calculation of partial molar properties and their relationship with mixture properties;
Master the calculation of enthalpy change and entropy change of multicomponent fluid;
Master the expression method of system energy balance equation;
Master the analysis and calculation of gas compression process and expansion process on T-S diagram and lnp-H diagram;
Familiar with the analysis and calculation of simple steam power cycle on T-S diagram and lnp-H diagram;
Master the calculation of fugacity of gas pure component, fugacity of liquid pure component and fugacity of multi-component system;
Familiar with the use of solubility parameter model, van larr model, Margulars model and Wilson model (including the acquisition of model parameters);
Familiar with the basic selection method of activity coefficient model;
Master the concept of loss and the theorem of energy quality imbalance;
Familiar calculation;
Familiar with the expression method and basic analysis method of system equilibrium equation;
Master the basic mode and choice of VLE relationship;
Master the calculation of VLE equilibrium problem of miscible system;
Familiar with the expression method of reaction progress of balanced composition;
Master the basic model and selection of chemical equilibrium relationship;
Master the calculation method of homogeneous gas phase reaction.
Three. Examination method and time
Only one textbook of chemical thermodynamics is allowed in the open-book written test, and no other written materials are allowed. You can use an electronic calculator.
The examination time is 45 minutes.
Four. The main contents and requirements of the examination
PVT relation of 1. fluid
Understand the non-ideality of gas and master the basic selection method of state equation;
Master the use of truncated virial equation, cubic equation and generalized correlation;
Familiar with the mixing rules of state equation (basic types) and the use of interaction parameters (simplification principle and acquisition method), familiar with the principle solution method of mixture pVT relationship;
Familiar with the basic selection method of state equation;
Master the calculation method of saturated liquid volume;
Understand the application significance of fluid pVT relationship.
2. Thermodynamic properties of fluids: enthalpy and entropy.
Understand the basic thermodynamic relationship of single-component fluid;
Familiar with the use of bridgman table;
Familiar with vapor pressure equation and master the calculation of vapor pressure;
Master the calculation of residual properties, enthalpy change and entropy change of single-component fluid;
Master the use of water vapor meter and thermal property diagram;
Understand the basic thermodynamic relations of multicomponent fluids;
Understand the non-ideality of multi-component fluid and master the conceptual difference between mixture and solution;
Master the concept of ideal mixture and be familiar with the basic relationship of mixing properties;
Master the analysis and calculation of partial molar properties and their relationship with mixture properties;
Master the calculation of enthalpy change and entropy change of multicomponent fluid.
3. Energy utilization process and cycle
Master the expression method of system energy balance equation;
Master the analysis and calculation of gas compression process and expansion process on T-S diagram and lnp-H diagram;
Familiar with the analysis and calculation of simple steam power cycle on T-S diagram and lnp-H diagram;
Familiar with the analysis and calculation of simple vapor compression refrigeration cycle on T-S diagram and lnp-H diagram;
Understand the concept and basic principle of heat pump;
Understand the basic principles of deep freezing and liquefaction.
4. Thermodynamic properties of fluids: fugacity and activity.
Understand the provisions of standard configuration on thermodynamic properties of multicomponent fluids;
Master the calculation of fugacity of gas pure component, fugacity of liquid pure component and fugacity of multi-component system;
Understand the nature of excess and its relationship with activity coefficient;
Understand the calculation of mixing enthalpy with activity;
Familiar with the use of solubility parameter model, van larr model, Margulars model and Wilson model (including the acquisition of model parameters);
Familiar with the basic selection method of activity coefficient model;
Understand other commonly used activity coefficient models.
5. Thermodynamic analysis of process
Master the concepts of entropy generation and loss, and the theorem of energy quality imbalance;
Master? The concept of function, familiar with the concept of environmental reference state, and the calculation of material standards;
Master the calculation of heat;
Familiar with the principle and solution method of steady flow system function;
Familiar with the expression method of system equilibrium equation;
Familiar with efficiency and loss rate;
Familiar with basic analytical methods.
6. Fluid phase equilibrium
Familiar with VLE and LLE binary system phase diagram
Master the basic mode and choice of VLE relationship;
Understand the thermodynamic consistency test method of VLE data;
Understand the basic mode and choice of LLE relationship;
Master the calculation of VLE equilibrium problem of miscible system;
Familiar with the discrimination method of * * * boiling phenomenon.
7. Chemical balance
Familiar with the expression method of reaction progress of balanced composition;
Familiar with the determination method of independent reaction number of reaction system;
Master the basic model and selection of chemical equilibrium relationship;
Master the calculation method of homogeneous gas phase reaction;
Understand the calculation method of liquid mixture reaction, solution reaction and heterogeneous reaction equilibrium.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) test paper structure
The test paper is 25 points. Test questions appear in the form of solutions and calculations.
The main reference books of intransitive verbs
Zheng Danxing. Thermodynamics of fluids and processes. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2005.