Keywords: personality, mental health, current situation, goals and methods
The shaping of healthy personality is an important part of college students' ideological and political education, which reflects their cognition and development. At present, the ideological and political work in colleges and universities in China usually only pays attention to the cultivation of college students' ideological and moral quality, scientific and cultural quality, ability quality and physical quality, but often ignores the cultivation of college students' psychological quality, especially the shaping of college students' sound personality, resulting in unhealthy personality psychology such as poor self-reliance, poor self-discipline, paranoia and indifference like Liu Haiyang and Ma Jiajue. Therefore, it is necessary for us to try to promote mental health from personality education.
First, the concept of personality
(A) Personality (personality)
In psychology, personality is a field to explore the differences between complete individuals and individuals. So far, psychologists have different views on personality because of different research orientations. Based on various viewpoints, the concept of personality can be defined as: personality is a unique integrated model that constitutes a person's thoughts, emotions and behaviors. This unique model contains a stable and unified psychological quality, which distinguishes one person from others. Personality is a concept with rich connotations, which reflects various characteristics of personality. Personality is characterized by uniqueness, stability and integration. Personality is a complex structural system, which includes many components, including temperament, personality, cognitive style, self-regulation and so on.
(2) Healthy personality
The standard of healthy personality of contemporary college students should include the following aspects:
1, can correctly understand and evaluate yourself. On the one hand, you can recognize yourself and accept everything that belongs to you, thus forming a more positive view of yourself; On the other hand, I can objectify myself and have a clear understanding of what I have and what I lack.
2. The intelligent structure is sound and reasonable. With good observation, memory, thinking, attention and imagination, there is no cognitive obstacle, and various cognitive abilities are organically combined to play their due role.
3, can handle interpersonal relationships harmoniously, have strong adaptability to the environment, and constantly carry out social activities.
4. Willing to serve the society, with strong enterprising spirit and certain creativity and competitive consciousness.
5, good mood and will, full and moderate mood. Have an optimistic and positive attitude, not afraid of setbacks and perseverance.
Second, mental health.
There is no 100% mental health in the world, and anyone may have general psychological problems at some stage of his life. So far, there are many definitions about mental health. Generally speaking, mental health refers to "a state well adapted to life." Generally speaking, a mentally healthy person can meet the following conditions: a, emotional stability, no long-term anxiety and less psychological conflicts; B, willing to work, able to show their abilities at work; C, able to establish a harmonious relationship with others, and willing to associate with others; D, have a proper understanding of yourself and a self-satisfied mentality; E, have a proper understanding of the living environment, can effectively face problems and solve problems without escaping. "
From the above-mentioned concept of mental health, healthy psychology not only includes good social adaptation, stable emotions, self-awareness, good work ability and efforts to maintain mental health, but also includes the following personality constructs, such as adaptability, emotional adjustment, self-confidence, cooperation ability, life and work ability.
Similarly, the definition of mental health also tells us how important mental health is to people. It can not only effectively prevent mental illness and psychosomatic diseases, but also protect people from mental illness. More importantly, mental health can promote people's growth and development, stimulate people's potential, and improve people's quality of life and happiness.
Third, the personality status of contemporary college students
Nowadays, the multipolarization of international politics and the globalization of economic development directly affect people's world outlook, outlook on life and values, and also impact the personality development orientation of contemporary college students. Generally speaking, the personality development of college students is positive. They are eager for knowledge, quick-thinking, broad-minded and enthusiastic. They actively explore life, eager to develop their potential and realize their life value. However, as far as individuals are concerned, the personality development of contemporary college students also has a negative side, showing a series of confusion and conflicts. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of China's higher education and the rapid growth of the number of college students, the personality defects of college students have become more prominent. The specific performance is as follows:
(A) lack of lofty ideals and beliefs
With the acceleration of the process of global social diversification, young college students are generally confused, skeptical and even negative about the vague "ideal values" and "political values", and then turn them into utilitarian personal value realization mechanisms, paying little attention to the political situation and social life, and even pursuing hedonism and pragmatism, while the productive ideal of * * * is seriously weakened in this utilitarian pursuit. Self - centered doctrine
At present, most college students are only children, and their parents' parenting style, family structure and family members' relationship are all different. It has a subtle influence on the formation of teenagers' personality. However, the doting, laissez-faire and overprotective educational methods and family atmosphere will definitely have a negative effect on the formation of personality. Some parents regard their children as the apple of their eyes, and the whole family is around, thus forming egoism under the influence of this family environment.
(C) lazy impetuous, lack of pragmatic, rigorous and persistent spirit
The complicated social life has caused a considerable number of college students' impetuous mentality, and it is difficult to calm down and study hard. When college students answered "attitude towards most students at present", the most people chose "don't study at ordinary times, work hard before the exam", and many people chose "just pass the exam". In the investigation of current college students' disciplinary behaviors, it is found that cheating in exams ranks first among all disciplinary behaviors.
(4) Weak will and poor ability to resist setbacks.
Many college students, especially the only-child college students, flinch when they encounter difficulties, and are at a loss when there are contradictions, so they are easily excited by the outside world.
(E) lack of integrity and extreme consumption concepts
Although college students have a certain ability of moral choice, judgment and evaluation, in the real life with diversified interests and values, although they adopt the orientation of "focusing on the country, caring for the collective and being helpful", they often adopt double standards when making specific value choices.
Some college students don't compare their academic performance, moral level and hard-working spirit with each other at school. Instead, they compare who wears brand-name clothes and who uses fashionable mobile phones.
Facing the present situation of college students' psychology and personality, we should clearly realize that personality is the sum of various psychological characteristics of people, and it is difficult to have mental health without personality health; In addition, healthy personality is not only one of the important indicators of mental health, but also an important resource of mental health; Furthermore, everyone should be responsible for their own mental health, but only people with healthy personality have the consciousness of taking this responsibility. Therefore, starting with cultivating college students' healthy personality and enhancing their mental health will help us to promote their mental health from a more positive and constructive perspective.
Fourthly, the basic ways and methods of shaping college students' healthy personality.
(A) establish the concept of personality education
As early as the May Fourth Movement, Cai Yuanpei put forward that "education is to help the educated develop their own abilities and complete their own personality", and its principle is "to show individuality and nature".
1. Personality education emphasizes the unity of moral cognition, moral emotion and moral behavior.
Personality education not only requires students to use language flexibly, think creatively and imagine, and establish a correct outlook on life, but also requires students to have noble sentiments and control their behavior with correct social behavior norms and values, that is, to pursue the unity of knowledge and practice and avoid conflicting multiple personalities.
2. Personality education focuses on improving personality cultivation and paying more attention to cognitive education.
Personality education regards knowledge acquisition, intellectual development and skill formation as the components of personality cultivation. Achievements of human civilization, such as language, art, morality, philosophy, etc. , showing a wealth of human content, the organic whole they form truly shows the depth and breadth of personality. These achievements of civilization are the source of human cognitive education in personality cultivation.
3. Pay attention to the cultivation of non-intellectual factors
Morality is the general name of the code of conduct that regulates the relationship between people and between individuals and society. It is an internal psychological tendency, which often dominates a person's explicit behavior. Public opinion or social norms are usually used as evaluation criteria. "Morality" refers to a certain stable characteristic when an individual acts according to a certain moral code of conduct. It is the most meaningful part of personality and a description of personality from a moral point of view.
Therefore, "morality" and "moral character" both refer to the value judgment of personality traits, which must be cultivated through the process of learning and education, so as to encourage individuals to show positive social behavior in interpersonal communication, and people's non-intellectual factors, including emotions, emotions, temperament, nature, motivation and interest, are the basis of moral quality. Therefore, we should stimulate students' emotional and moral conscience and shape a sound personality.
(2) Grasp the law of college students' physical and mental development and guide them to correctly implement self-education.
The premise of personality development is the awakening of self-consciousness, which is the core of personality, and the state of self will also affect the state of personality. Therefore, educators must follow the people-oriented educational principle, care for, respect and develop college students, fully mobilize their consciousness, enthusiasm and creativity, and guide them to strengthen self-education and management, which is an effective way to promote their self-personality.
Popularize mental health education and improve the level of mental health.
Colleges and universities can solve some practical problems by holding special lectures, group consultation, individual counseling and offering elective courses. The most important channel is the course of ideological and moral cultivation. As a compulsory ideological and moral course for college students, Ideological and Moral Cultivation was offered to all freshmen in the last semester. Because of the comprehensiveness and timeliness of the course, as well as the discipline advantages and the compactness of teachers' knowledge and ability structure, ideological and moral cultivation course should be the best channel to popularize psychological knowledge.
To sum up, with the deepening of the diversification of modern society, college students are inevitably affected by various factors, and at the same time, many mental health problems have formed. College students should treat their mental health problems correctly, strengthen self-education while actively accepting mental health education, improve their psychological quality and shape their healthy personality.
References:
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[2] General Psychology, edited by Peng Yuling. Beijing Normal University Press, 1988.
[3] Psychology (Taiwan) Zhang Chunxiang, Yang Guoshu. Sanmin Bookstore 1999 2nd Edition P48 1.
[4] Zhang Dictionary of Psychology (Taiwan Province) by Zhang Chunxiang. Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House 1992.
[5] Lin Chongde, Developmental Psychology. Zhejiang Education Publishing House is from Sina blog /clcjxs.