At present, the world situation has entered a new normal. Traditional problems such as resource and energy security, international terrorism and climate change faced by countries are far from being solved, and many new problems have emerged. New and old problems are intertwined, and the international situation is becoming increasingly complicated. 20 15 The turmoil in the international financial market makes us realize that there is still a long way to go to solve the systemic crisis of the global financial system, and the traditional quantitative easing policy cannot fundamentally solve the structural problems. At the same time, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is emerging on a global scale. Traditional developed countries are stepping up the implementation of "re-industrialization", and emerging market countries and developing countries are accelerating the process of industrialization. Countries all over the world are facing the dual challenges of economic development and coping with global risks.
In order to meet the challenge and release the development demand, the international community needs to establish a "global innovation system" supported by innovation, strengthen global governance and reform the global development mechanism. Internally, it is necessary to promote structural reforms and innovate development models; Externally, it is necessary to create convenience for the global flow of production factors, strengthen international capacity cooperation, shape a global industrial chain that is conducive to giving play to the comparative advantages of various countries, allow innovative subjects, innovative resources and innovative environments to freely flow around the world, support each other, promote development, build new innovation atmosphere standards from a global perspective, and create a new world development situation that is mutually beneficial and win-win.
G20 member countries should realize the transformation of economic growth mode to innovation-driven, accelerate reform and innovation, adjust economic structure, and shift from relying on investment and export to the coordinated development of investment, export and consumption. Countries should vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, transform traditional industries with innovative technologies, create new economic growth points, take promoting innovation-driven and creating new economic growth points as the new cooperation focus of the G-20, accelerate the transformation of old and new growth drivers, and lead the world economic recovery.
Improving global economic and financial governance
It has been seven years since the outbreak of the financial crisis, but its deep-seated impact is still continuing: the world economy is weak and lacks motivation, and the quantitative easing policy can only bring "virtual fever" to the economic recovery. The world economy is still in a period of deep adjustment, and some developed countries beggar their neighbors and pass on the crisis. Facts have proved that the traditional economic means that rely too much on monetary policy are outdated, and the fragmented approach of each country will only create a bigger bubble and bring the economy into long-term stagnation. Finding new consumption growth points and improving global economic and financial governance have become unavoidable issues for all countries.
As a new mechanism of global economic and financial governance, G20 did contribute to countries' response to the financial crisis at the beginning of its establishment. However, with the advent of the post-crisis era, its limitations are increasingly apparent. In the past few decades, the gap in economic scale between emerging market countries and developed countries has been narrowing, their position in global economic development has been rising, and the world economic structure has undergone fundamental changes. The existing global economic and financial governance system is basically dominated by developed countries, and the voices of developing countries and emerging market countries are hard to be heard. G20 consists of developed countries and a dozen developing countries. If we want to be on the international economic stage,
In order to play a greater role, we can't ignore the voices of emerging market countries. Improving the discourse power of emerging market countries and fully respecting their independent will will help fully mobilize the enthusiasm and economic strength of emerging market countries, improve the global economic and financial structure, and be conducive to the long-term sustainable development of the world economy.
When it comes to improving the global economic and financial governance system, we have to mention the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank initiated by China. Compared with the existing western-led international organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, AIIB is an institutional innovation in the global economic and financial reform. This "new" is reflected in its openness, inclusiveness and constructiveness; Reflected in its emphasis on win-win cooperation, rather than confrontation; It embodies China's more responsibility as a big country through AIIB, rather than the self-interest of leading countries like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Developed and developing countries have a mutually beneficial and equal dialogue within the mechanism of AIIB in order to formulate a great development plan. The fact is that AIIB is being recognized by more and more countries. Even the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund controlled by the United States and the Asian Development Bank led by Japan have to throw "olive branches" to AIIB. As an innovation of economic and financial governance mechanism, AIIB will certainly bring inspiration to G20.
Building an open world economy
The key to upgrading the global governance mechanism lies in building an open world economy. At present, countries in the world are at different stages of development and have different needs for economic development. Building an open world economic system and strengthening international capacity cooperation can effectively meet the supply and demand of different countries and realize the common development of countries with different development levels.
Developing countries are facing the demand of urbanization and industrialization, but they are limited by the level of technical equipment and infrastructure construction; The equipment and infrastructure in developed countries are facing innovation, but they are subject to the shortage of funds and high cost. As the locomotive of developing countries, China can give full play to the advantages of high performance-to-price ratio of mid-range equipment, strong comprehensive supporting and engineering construction capabilities, and abundant foreign exchange reserves, so as to help developing countries and developed countries realize the docking of production capacity. Through tripartite cooperation, combining their respective advantages, reducing construction costs to meet the needs of different countries will also help countries to break the bottleneck of development, promote industrial upgrading and promote global industry consolidation.
G20 has both developed and developing countries. Promote the opening of the global real economy and the upgrading of economic cooperation through the G20, and release new kinetic energy for the economic development of all countries. The development of economic globalization has closely linked the interests of all countries, forming the status quo of "you have me and I have you". Only by opposing trade protectionism, maintaining and strengthening the multilateral trading system, providing sufficient space for the development of different countries, ensuring that regional free trade arrangements provide support for the development of the multilateral system, expanding opening up, strengthening international capacity cooperation, and forming a new global value chain, is the only way for the stable development of the world economy.
Promote inclusive and coordinated development.
At present, the world economy is still in a period of deep adjustment after the financial crisis, and the original economic development model cannot solve the problems of economic structure transformation and sustainable development. At the same time, achieving fair, open, comprehensive and innovative development is not only a moral responsibility, but also an inevitable need to release the potential of economic development. In September this year, the United Nations Development Summit formally adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This programmatic document will push the world to focus on eradicating extreme poverty, overcoming inequality and injustice and curbing climate change in the next 15 years, setting new goals and providing a new framework for global development. The international community should look at the development path from a new perspective, properly handle the relationship between sustainable development and economic transformation and economic growth, implement the UN's 2030 development agenda, properly handle the inequality and injustice in economic development, and coordinate the response to challenges such as climate change and environmental protection, so that the international community in different positions in the global value chain can give full play to its advantages and enjoy development opportunities. This is the core meaning of "inclusive and coordinated development".
Conclusion:
In the era of global value chain, no country can fight alone, and the development of each country should form a linkage effect with global growth to realize the optimal allocation of global economic resources; We should conscientiously implement the strategy of "sustainable development" and realize the mutual integration and promotion of economy, society, environment and governance. To this end, the G-20 should be guided by the United Nations 2030 Development Agenda, encourage all economies to participate in world economic governance, and let the development dividend benefit people of all countries. It is necessary to call on all economies to establish a sense of community of interests and destiny, establish a new type of global partnership, and respond to the complex situation of the world economy and other global issues through macroeconomic policy linkage to achieve interconnection, benign interaction and common development among countries; It is necessary to improve the G-20 system, build a peaceful, effective and inclusive mechanism, realize the materialization, restraint and execution of the G-20, and become a long-term platform for promoting international economic cooperation.
I hope to adopt my answer.