Proposition is the core of self-study examination and the key to realize the professional standards stipulated in the professional examination plan. For candidates, we must first understand the principles and requirements of the proposition, the types of questions, the difficulty of the test paper and other relevant examination information. On this basis, we should grasp the important and difficult points of the exam and determine the exam countermeasures, so that the review can be targeted and get twice the result with half the effort.

Before the general review, the most important thing is to know what to test in college Chinese, and then we can make review strategies according to the objectives. According to the syllabus, College Chinese (undergraduate and junior college) has five types of questions: single choice (20 points), multiple choice (10 points), word explanation (10 points), brief analysis (30 points) and composition (30 points). It can be seen that the focus of review can be on composition and analysis. These two scores are related to the success or failure of the exam, but we can't ignore the study of basic knowledge.

Secondly, if possible, candidates should get all the previous papers. In this way, we can be familiar with the questions and understand the difficulty of the questions, and can also be used for self-test and practice to find out the gaps and fill the gaps as soon as possible. Because most of the self-taught examination questions come from the examination database, the examination questions generally cover all chapters of the examination outline, and the number of questions is relatively large. According to the examination experience, most of the questions in the previous exams came from the question bank or had a lot to do with it. Therefore, knowing the types of test questions can greatly enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of review.

Second, be familiar with the questions. Looking for strategies.

As the saying goes, "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle." When reviewing, we should understand the exam questions and practice effectively, so as to deepen our impression, consolidate our knowledge and achieve the best results.

1. Single choice

This part of 20 points, ***20 small questions, is the easiest to score in the exam. Therefore, candidates should try not to lose points. The single choice mainly tests the writer's life, the author of the work, the characters in the work, the central argument, the main content, the expression technique, the rhetoric technique, the article genre and other literary history knowledge. Whether you know it or not, you have a 25% chance to choose the right answer, which is relatively easy to score. There are two main ways to answer questions: one is to choose the correct answer directly according to your own memory, which saves time and is sure; Second, if you are not sure when to be on time, take a comparative method to eliminate screening and determine the only correct answer. For example, in April 2006, 5438+0 national self-taught college Chinese (Ben) question 9:

After Li Guang's death, "people are crying, whether they know it or not." For depicting the image of Li Guang, this expression method is

A, bedding contrast B, contrast C, side contrast D, symbolic hint (answer: C)

This question is a test of migration ability. Candidates don't have to be familiar with the original text, but they can make correct answers by using what they usually learn.

2. Multi-choice

The score of this part of ***5 questions is 10. It is difficult to test the content of comprehensive comparison, so choose 2 to 5 correct answers from 5 answers. Multi-choice, wrong choice and omission will not be scored. The content of the exam is similar to that of multiple-choice questions, but there are many answers, mainly depending on whether the candidate's knowledge is comprehensive, which is the most direct proof of whether he works hard at ordinary times. Answers can only be identified one by one by comparison and exclusion according to their familiarity with the knowledge points in the textbook. It is not feasible to guess and bet questions by feeling. Take the National College Chinese (Ben) 200 1 for example in April, 2006: No.21Title "The following articles, on the whole, express the main idea in a comparative way", No.22 "The following works are developed through dialogue", No.23 "The following poems belong to the old Yuefu title" and No.24. 2 1, 22, 23 test artistic techniques, 23 test stylistic knowledge, and 25 test artistic features. According to the contents of these exams, candidates should pay attention to grasping the key texts from these aspects when reviewing.

3. Explanation of words

This part of ***5 is 10, which is mainly composed of ancient Chinese words and difficult words in modern Chinese. Answer questions must be translated literally on the basis of understanding the whole sentence, and then understand the meaning of a word. Be accurate and concise, and never write a few specious answers. For example, in April 2006, 5438+0, Question 29 of National College Chinese (College), asked candidates to explain the meaning of "3,000 people are their great friends, and the week is used for prosperity" and review it carefully. Generally speaking, this is also a topic that is easier to get points.

4. Problem analysis

This part is about 3 to 5 questions, with a score of ***30, to test the comprehensive application ability of basic Chinese knowledge. The general way to write a question is to give a paragraph (generally no more than 200 words), and then design the question according to the paragraph. The passing of the 200 1 examination is no longer limited to textbooks. The test paragraphs are mainly modern texts (including modern novels, plays, essays, scientific and technological discourses, etc.). ), ancient prose, classical novels, dramas, ancient poems, modern poems and so on. Mainly about the theme, content, artistic techniques, rhetorical techniques, etc. The flexible way of setting questions requires candidates to have certain reading appreciation ability. Answering questions should adopt the thinking method of restoring the text, retaining sentences from paragraphs, and combining the "tips" of the text to inspire ideas. Be sure to understand the content, find the right angle to ask questions and give targeted answers. The general requirement of answers is that the more concise and accurate the better, not the more answers the better.

In April, 20001year, the national self-taught college Chinese (Ben) test included 5 questions, and the 36th and 39th questions were fragments of ancient Chinese (Qiu Shui by Zhuangzi and Three Gorges by Yun Daoyuan). Question 37 is a fragment of a classical novel (the plot of Baoyu being beaten in A Dream of Red Mansions); Question 38 is a fragment of modern literature (tricky threshold); Question 40 is an ancient poem ("Li Bai's Farewell to Jingmen"). The content of the examination is quite comprehensive, requiring candidates to have a certain appreciation of various styles.

Write a composition

The composition is 30 points, accounting for a large proportion. If there is a big mistake, it will lead to failure in the exam, which should be highly valued. The composition mainly examines the candidates' ideological accomplishment, Chinese level, comprehensive analysis and application ability. The general requirements of composition: clear theme, rich materials, clear structure, proper expression, fluent language, correct punctuation, neat handwriting and standard lines. When writing, we should pay attention to the combination of factual materials and theoretical materials, comprehensive materials and typical materials, positive materials and negative materials. This can not only avoid single angle and insufficient change, but also meet the requirements of the number of words in the composition. The main reasons for losing marks in previous candidates' compositions are: style confusion, irrelevant articles, disjointed arguments and arguments, insufficient words, unfinished content, scrawled handwriting and so on, which need to be paid attention to and avoided. According to the past marking experience, there are several things that candidates must pay attention to if they want to get high marks:

One is to write neatly. The influence of handwriting on marking teachers is potential, but it is also extremely important. No matter how well written, if the handwriting is sloppy, the composition score will be greatly reduced.

Second, pay attention to the beginning and end of the composition and divide it into paragraphs. It is best to write the central sentence of each paragraph at the beginning, so that the level is clear and the teacher can understand what you mean at a glance. The composition is most afraid of full-text confusion, especially for candidates who are not used to segmentation.

Third, generally speaking, except poetry, there is no restriction on the style of the exam, and candidates must write their own good style. If you are writing an argumentative essay, you must make the argument clear at the beginning, and you may wish to use some famous aphorisms in the article; If you write a narrative, don't be direct, and the ending should be meaningful.

Third, suit the remedy to the case and get to the point.

The above is a basic combing of the basic questions and examination contents of college Chinese, which is convenient for candidates to grasp the important and difficult points of the examination and strengthen the pertinence of review. Now let's talk about the key points and methods of review. Candidates can review from the following aspects.

1. Sort out the history of literature and master the basic knowledge of literature.

College Chinese, as a basic course of public education, has a wide range of contents, covering almost all the works of China literature in different stages. In the general review, candidates should be familiar with the history of China literature development and the evolution of literature development in different periods, take literature development as a lesson and writers' works as a latitude, remember important writers and works, and construct a clear outline of China literature development in their minds. In this way, you can draw inferences in the exam. When combing the history of literature, we should pay attention to the following two points.

First, pay attention to key sentences. The contents involved in the examination generally appear in the introduction of writers and works before the text. Therefore, when reading the text, candidates should not miss the introduction easily, but read it carefully and remember it carefully. Some key sentences are just common sense of literary history. For example, Lu Xun is the founder of modern literature in China, Diary of a Madman and The True Story of Ah Q are all his representative novels. Another example is "Ouyang Xiu is the leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty" and "one of the great men in the Tang and Song Dynasties".

The second is to master the stylistic analysis of the works and master the basic knowledge of stylistics. College Chinese is divided into four units according to style, namely argumentative, expository, narrative and poetry, and each unit is accompanied by an introduction to stylistic features. Candidates should study hard and focus on the characteristics of various styles. For example, the "three elements" of argumentative writing, theoretical arguments and factual arguments, arguments and refutations; The "six elements", clues, narrative mode and description mode of narrative text; The type, sequence, structure and eight interpretation methods of explanatory texts; Lyricism and expression of poetry, the format of ancient poetry and modern poetry. Mastering these stylistic features is not only beneficial to the examination paper, but also helpful to the examination and writing of the composition.

2. Be familiar with the content of the work and read it.

According to the examination syllabus, the basic knowledge and ability of the examination will not exceed the basic knowledge involved in the textbook, so it is extremely important to read the text carefully. When reading a work, we should pay attention to the following two questions.

First, be familiar with the work and find out the main contents of the work.

When reviewing modern texts, we should focus on hints and analyze the structure and content of the text. Structure includes style, paragraph, level, clue, order, beginning and end, etc. The content includes writing intention, background of the times, ideological content, characters and so on. For classical Chinese, review should closely follow the notes, understand the text, especially the classical Chinese, and must dig word by word, master the common real words and function words, the usage of conative and causative, the flexible use of parts of speech and passive sentences, inverted sentences, judgments and so on. Only in this way can you grasp the exam well and solve it easily.

In the exam, questions are often set around the main content of the work. For example, in April 2000, there was a topic in College Chinese (College):

The following is the correct order of the plot arrangement of Biography of Lian Po.

First, the meeting of Mianchi, since the wall belongs to Zhao, blends;

B. Mianchi's meeting will be harmonious and happy, and the wall will belong to Zhao;

C. Return to Zhao Hui, Hehe Hui and Mianchi Hui;

D. Go back to Zhao from the Great Wall, meet at Mianchi, meet the generals, and have fun.

Another example is the second question of College Chinese (Ben) in April 2006, 5438+0:

Sima Guang accused Wang Anshi of "making trouble" in the new law. When Wang Anshi refuted this accusation in Answering Sima Yi, the main reasons were as follows.

A, the new law is "human"; B, the new law is "to ward off evil spirits, it is difficult to forgive people";

C, the new law is "managing money for the world"; D. The new law is "Mr. Ju's government",

This is to test students' grasp of the main content of the work.

Second, understand the "tips" and exercises after class, and pay attention to the artistic techniques of the works.

This knowledge mainly includes artistic features, rhetoric techniques, expression techniques, argumentation methods and explanation methods. This kind of questions in the exam mainly examines the basic skills of candidates and requires candidates to understand, master and skillfully use them. To do this kind of questions well, candidates should pay special attention to the induction of writing methods in the text after class. For example, in April 2006, 5438+0 College Chinese (College)No. 1 Title:

In Spring of Science, when the author demonstrates that "science needs to be created and fantasy needs to be created", he takes "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, Dragon Palace's treasure hunting and many fantasies in The Romance of the Gods have become today's reality through science" as the basis. The argument method used here is

A. Deduction; B. entry; C. comparative law; D. analogy method.

For example, in April 2006, College Chinese (Ben) 10:

The biggest feature of Zhang Zhongji's biography and postscript is that

A, pay equal attention to lyricism and discussion; b, pay equal attention to discussion and narrative.

C, pay equal attention to narrative and lyric D, pay equal attention to narrative and description.

The design of these questions is the content of "tips" and exercises after the exam.

3. Recite poems and understand famous poems.

According to the examination syllabus, candidates must master and recite a certain number of excellent ancient poems in order to obtain a college degree. This is not only necessary, but also can cultivate sentiment and improve personal cultural accomplishment. The annual exam will also test students' understanding and recitation of ancient poems. For example, on April 5438+0, 2006, the national self-taught college Chinese (Ben) question 18: Among the following poems, the one from Liu Yuxi's Five Questions about Jinling is

A. Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, one white crab island and one water;

B. On a frosty night, Jiang Feng sleeps by fishing;

C. Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy;

D. There are many weeds and flowers beside Suzaku Bridge, and the sunset at the entrance of Wuyi Lane is oblique.

On April 5438+0, 2006, the national self-taught college Chinese (Ben) question 19: The following words have philosophical significance.

What year is it today?

B, dance to find the shadow

Third, turn to Zhuge, low-lying households, and stay awake.

D, the moon is cloudy or sunny.

These are masterpieces of classical poetry, and candidates should pay attention to them when reviewing.

4. Basic knowledge of writing.

The basic knowledge of writing is not only the direct content of the previous multiple-choice exam, but also indirectly affects the composition writing. This knowledge mainly focuses on the introduction of stylistic knowledge and writing knowledge after the end of the text unit, such as the reading and writing of argumentative and expository texts. There are two kinds of questions about stylistic knowledge in the past years: one is to directly test stylistic knowledge; The second is to use this knowledge flexibly. Judging from the examination papers in recent years, the second situation appears more frequently. For example, in the first half of 2000, there was a problem:

In the following article, the scientific sketch of physical things is

A. Basic disciplines of modern natural science

B. Strange phenomena in the desert

C. "Diners in our bells"

D. "Introduction to Master Planning Method"

Candidates can be confident in the exam as long as they know which articles are substantive and which are abstract. Of course, if candidates have a deep understanding of the style, the composition will naturally not stray from the topic, and it is easy to write an excellent composition.

Relatively speaking, as long as the candidates carefully and systematically review, understand and master the contents stipulated in the syllabus of the self-study exam, find a self-study method suitable for them, and constantly improve their self-study ability, they can achieve satisfactory results.