1, love makes people successful
In today's society, competition is fierce, and many people leave their relatives, friends and lovers in order to seek personal development. They think that people are indifferent animals, as long as they have power in society, life will be good, and "useless" interpersonal relationships are just spices. However, the "law of the jungle" you believe in may be wrong.
From 65438 to 0938, Ale Bok, then head of the Department of Health at Harvard University, launched a grand research project that lasted for 76 years and cost more than 20 million dollars, with the aim of answering "What makes people successful?" . From 1939 to 1944, 268 undergraduates studying at Harvard were selected as the research objects. These people will be surveyed every two years to answer questions such as whether they are healthy, mentally normal, the quality of marriage, the success or failure of their careers, and whether they are happy after retirement. Only those who finally reach the standards of income, longevity, health and marriage can be called "winners in life". The result was unexpected. Among the factors that affect "success in life", "masculinity" has no influence; After IQ exceeds 1 10, income will no longer be affected; The level of family economic and social status also has little influence. What really affects success is the factors related to love, such as being loved in childhood, understanding and respecting others, and being able to establish close relationships when you are young.
Someone exclaimed, "I cooked a bowl of chicken soup in' 76!" Show disdain. But who will deny that life has become positive after being warmed by love? Xiao Rong, an associate professor of psychology at Southern Medical University, said that love, warmth and intimacy will directly affect a person's way of coping with accidents and setbacks. People who live in love can quickly enter a virtuous circle of health and excitement, while those who lack love often suppress and heal alone and go to the negative end. The ability to love is the core of human society. All forms of love will deepen interpersonal relationships. When experiencing strong love, people will expand their thinking about themselves and the whole world. Seeing this, do you also think of the person you love?
2. Power exposes ugliness
Ignoring human life, dictators who kill people without blinking an eye in history, and "leaders" who have done evil since they came to power in modern times all reflect the ferocious face of people after they took power. Why do some people become villains after gaining power?
197 1 year, in order to observe the influence of environment and identity on people's behavior, the research team led by psychologist philip zimbardo of Stanford University in the United States conducted a "Stanford Prison Experiment". In the experiment, 24 college students who are physically and mentally healthy and emotionally stable are divided into two groups. One group pretended to be prison guards, and the other group pretended to be prisoners, asking them to maintain order in the prison. Prison guards and prisoners quickly adapted to the role, but gradually exceeded the preset boundaries. In the first 24 hours of the experiment, with almost no instructions, prison guards began to physically and psychologically abuse prisoners. In the next few days, the prison guards were more strict with the prisoners, often not letting them rest, letting them do all kinds of rough work and trying to punish them in various ways. The violence and bad behavior of prison guards forced the experiment, which is expected to last 15 days, to be urgently stopped on the sixth day.
People will act according to their recognized identity and expected "what to do". Without supervision, just assigning roles and labeling people, calling some people prison guards and others prisoners, is enough to trigger pathological behavior. "Special environment and unsupervised power will turn a gentle gentleman into a bloodthirsty madman," Xiao Rong said. "People are aggressive and violent. When they gain power, they will expose the ugly side of their sexual orientation. To avoid extreme behavior, first, there must be a sound system to keep' wild animals' in cages. Second, those in power should not be obsessed with power games. Understand that the greater the power, the greater the responsibility. "
3. People are cooperative by nature.
Since the prevalence of evolution, we have generally accepted the view that "man is an animal". But we find that there are great differences between humans and other animals. For tens of thousands of years, Homo sapiens has been able to explore the universe and transform genes from eating animals into intensive cultivation, while other animals are no different from those in the old days, which makes people want to ask, what makes people become "advanced animals" and "the spirit of all things"?
265438+At the beginning of the 20th century, Esther Herman of Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany led a team to conduct a large-scale research. Four years later, the study conducted a number of cognitive tests on 108 chimpanzees and 105 two-and-a-half-year-old children from two wildlife reserves in Africa. The scores of human infants and chimpanzees in spatial reasoning, quantitative discrimination and causality are almost the same. However, when testing social skills, the equally divided subjects suddenly became different, and human babies easily defeated apes. In the "rope board experiment", two chimpanzees have to pull the rope on the board at the same time to get the grapes, but the strong chimpanzee will grab the food first. After several attempts, the weak chimpanzee had to give up. In children's experiments, children will cooperate together. Three-year-olds can negotiate and negotiate to ensure that everyone gets the same share.
It can be seen that chimpanzees are comparable to human children in general intelligence tests, but they lack the innate social and cooperative abilities of human beings. Wang Jue, a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Neuroscience, China Academy of Sciences, said that human beings can intuitively know another person's thoughts (that is, empathy), so that they can work towards the same goal at the same time. It is this social cognitive ability that distinguishes human beings from other animals. There is no denying that there is a violent nature in people's hearts, but researchers believe that people are human because of empathy, and cooperation has made mankind achieve great achievements today.
4. Obey blindly and become a bad person
During World War II, Nazi Germany and Japan brutally slaughtered innocent people, which was outrageous. Adolf Adolf eichmann carried out the final plan to kill Jews. Facing the accusation, he said, "I'm just following orders." . Hideki Tojo, a Class-A war criminal, also defended himself by saying that he was "loyal to the Emperor". Will "obeying orders" really make people lose their sense of reason and morality and become vicious?
From 65438 to 0965, milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, conducted a controversial "electric shock experiment". The experimenter told the participants that this was an experiment to study "punishment and learning behavior". When the "student" behind the window answers the wrong question, he should be punished by electric shock (both the "student" and the electric shock are fake). When the electric shock is about 100 volts, the "student" will shout pain; They will protest at 270 volts; At 330 volts, "students" no longer have sound. Under the instruction of the researcher, the participants should gradually increase the punishment until the experimenter stops. The experimental results are shocking. More than half of the 40 participants completely obeyed the requirements of the researchers, and even when they heard the screams of "students", they still pressed the maximum voltage.
Humans tend to obey authoritative orders, even if they violate their own moral and ethical principles. Wang Jue believes that the idea of "obeying orders" is deeply rooted in self-preservation, and we must yield to powerful forces in order to survive. Historical violence and electric shock experiments warn us that people are not as free and rational as they think. People's behavior is dominated by many "commands" and they may do evil unconsciously.
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