Part of objective questions:
First, multiple-choice questions (65438+ 0 for each question, *** 15 questions)
1. The editor of Yuefu poetry is (b)
A, Liu Xiang B in Han Dynasty, Guo Maoqian C in Song Dynasty, Zhao Diancheng D in Qing Dynasty and Wang Guowei in modern times.
2. The main style of Du Fu's poems is (C)
A, fresh and natural b, bold and elegant c, depressed and frustrated d, hazy and soft.
3. The thought expounded in Xunzi belongs to (C)
A, Taoism B, Legalism C, Confucianism D, Mohism
4. The works express the setbacks in life, express the feelings of travel and travel, write a lot of slow words, and the poet who is good at using narrative techniques is (B)
A, Su Shi B, Liu Yong C, Jiang Kui D, Li Qingzhao
5. In the Book of Songs, the technique of "saying something else first to make the words sing" is (c)
A, symbol b, ratio c, shape d, ratio edge shape
6. The editor of Songs of the South is (C)
A, Song Yu B, Wang Yi C, Qu Yuan D, Liu Xiang
7. The following poems are poems about women (B)
A. Han Guang B in The Book of Songs and Li Yan in The Book of Songs.
C, The Book of Songs Feng Wei Bo ·Xi D, The Book of Songs Feng Wang Li Shu.
8. In the following poem, (d) is a typical detail to express farewell affection.
A, "flying in the air, but her feathers are different" B, "Zhong's heart is full of sadness"
C, "The final temperature is good, be careful of your health" D, "Expect, cry like rain"
9. In the following poem, it is (c) that expresses the inner pain of a thinking woman with typical details.
A, "Bo Xi, the state of solution" B, "Bo also dies, which is the predecessor of the king"
C, "From my hometown east, my head looks like a flying canopy" D, "Who is a guest without fragrance?"
10. The poem that influenced the theme of "Autumn Prosperity" in later generations and formed a perfect "Sad Autumn Picture" is (D)
1. Autumn wind, waves in Dongting, under the leaves, and birds? What's in the tree?
C. If you smell a beautiful woman, you will drive her away. D. When you can't get it suddenly, talk about freedom and tolerance.
1 1. The expression "There are trees in the south, so we can't rest" is (D)
A, symbol b, ratio c, shape d, ratio edge shape
12. The image of Chang Ju and Jie Drowning is (D)
A, a hermit who lives in seclusion and fails to forget; B, a student of Confucius and a retainer of Ji's family.
C, an indifferent hermit who plows and plows, D, an aggressive savior.
13. The grandiose "Harmony Valley, filled with broken boulders like pecking measures and falling down, falling head over head and following the wind" (1)
A, exaggeration b, metaphor c, duality d, hierarchy
14. The emotion expressed in Zhang Xiaoxiang's Niannujiao is (b).
A, generous and open-minded people's feelings B, sadness of leaving the past.
C, things are the pain of falling, D, the sigh at the end of the road.
15. The work that satirizes the ills of intellectuals in the 1940s is (b).
A, Qian Zhongshu's Besieged City B, Mao Dun's Corrosion
C, Lao She's Four Generations under One Family D, Zhang Ailing's The Golden Lock.
Subjective question part:
1. Short answer questions (2.5 points for each question, ***2 questions)
1. On the phonological features of Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge.
Summarize art and understand the beauty of rhythm
In terms of ideological content, this poem only expresses a kind of artistic conception similar to microwave smoke, and the social projection is very vague, which does not show the spirit of the times in the May 4th era. However, from the perspective of poetic art, this poem has a lofty status and has reached a state of perfection.
(1) The artistic conception is beautiful and pleasant. Cambridge, written by Xu Zhimo, is full of life and spirituality, with a gentle and elegant demeanor of the poet, which is integrated with the poet's feelings. The poet's feelings are not straightforward, but warm and measured; A faint beginning, a faint ending, but contains many complex emotions, which makes people have rich associations and aftertaste. Biekangqiao not only inherits the tradition of classical poetry, but also injects modern people's deep affection for their alma mater, transcending the general sigh of parting and attachment, and has the symbolic significance of modern intellectuals' self-esteem and pursuit of freedom.
(2) The poet understands the harmony and unity of subjective emotion and objective scenery, and handles the relationship between emotion and scenery well. The whole poem downplays the catharsis of parting poems, focuses on the beautiful natural scenery of Cambridge, and melts his love and attachment with the songs of natural scenery. The scenery is full of emotion and melts into the scene, which makes the poet's parting feeling deeper, better and more vigorous and natural, like a round and shining pearl.
(3) formal structure, four lines, patchwork and echo.
(4) The language is fresh and full of musical beauty. The language of this poem has the outstanding characteristics of simplicity and fluency, but it is also deeply tempered and has no traces of carving. The metaphor in the poem is fresh, accurate and vivid, flowing naturally like running water, without the Europeanization tendency of new poetry at that time. At the same time, as a representative of the Crescent Society, Xu Zhimo agrees with Wen Yiduo's new poem "three beauties" (architectural beauty, painting beauty and music beauty). He has his own uniqueness in the musical beauty of poetry. In addition to regular rhythm and harmonious rhyme, he also emphasized the fluctuation of syllables and the integrity of music melody. Farewell to Cambridge: The poem consists of seven sections, each with four lines and two or three meals. Eclectic, rigorous, rhyming with two or four rhymes, cadence, catchy. This beautiful rhythm ripples like ripples, which is not only the voice of pious students seeking dreams, but also conforms to the ebb and flow of poets' emotions and has a unique aesthetic pleasure. The seven verses are strewn at random, and the rhythm spreads slowly in them, which is quite a poet's temperament of "white robe and thin suburban island". The syllables are cadenced and the tones are repeated, and the whole poem constitutes a complete piece of music, which brings the unity of musical beauty and modeling beauty.
2. Briefly describe the last chapter of Xiaoya and Cai Wei, "I have been there, Yangliuyiyi; Today, I think about the artistic features of Rain and Snow.
Before leaving home for war, the willows were gentle and danced with the wind. Now back home, snowflakes are flying all over the sky.
This is a poem about a soldier who was sent to the frontier from going out to going home. These four sentences are famous sentences with a blend of scene and scene in the poem. The overlapping words "Yiyi" and "Feifei" not only vividly describe the graceful figure and heavy snow of Liuzhi, but also reveal the inner world of this trick. "Willows and Yiyi" shows his nostalgia for his relatives in his hometown when he went to the battlefield in spring. Rain and snow reminds us of many hardships he suffered during his journey, and it also sets off his grief and indignation after returning to China. Wang Fuzhi, a poet in A Qing, said that these four poems "write mourning with joy, mourn with Syaraku, and their sorrow is twice as enjoyable." (Jiang Zhai Shi Hua)
This is a poem written by a homesick frontier soldier on his way home in the Western Zhou Dynasty. This poem describes his hard life in the frontier and expresses his patriotism and homesickness. ?
The first three chapters of this poem recall the hardships of exploration in flashback. To resist? He has been away from his family for a long time. He is very arrogant. How eager he is to return to his hometown when the border is settled as soon as possible! Chapters 4, 5 and 2 describe the frontier sergeant's expedition to dignity. The whole article is magnificent, and the patriotic experience of soldiers has been fully reflected. At the end of this chapter, I wrote "Let's go home". Although we can survive, the hardships of the past have only brought us today's "hunger and thirst". How can you not be depressed?
This poem is selected from Xiaoya, but it has the characteristics of "national style" folk songs, and attaches great importance to the use of sentence repetition and metaphor. For example, in the repeated sentences in the first three chapters, the words are slightly changed, which sets off the feeling of being away from home for a long time with Wei's growth process, which is extremely vivid and appropriate. The fourth chapter regards the blooming of the Long Beach as a symbol of strong military capability, strict military power and strangeness of the new police. The last chapter, with its scenery before and after the expedition, is filled with endless sadness, shallow words and profound meanings, and the scene is mixed, which has always been regarded as a much-told story of Miao Yan in The Book of Songs.
Second, the essay questions (5 points for each question, ***2 questions)
1, combined with the specific description of The Golden Lock, analyzes the image art of Zhang Ailing's novels.
Zhang Ailing has profound classical literature accomplishment, especially her love for A Dream of Red Mansions is extraordinary. She watched a dream of red mansions at the age of eight, which was the beginning. In the later years of her life, she studied it repeatedly and became very familiar with it. She once said, "Most people have seen something like A Dream of Red Mansions several times in their lives. Personally, when I first read it at the age of eight, I only saw a little excitement. I read it every three or four years, and gradually I have the outline, style and brushwork of the characters' stories, and each impression is different. " (《
How familiar is she with A Dream of Red Mansions? Look at this sentence and you will know: "I"
The only qualification is to be really familiar with a dream of red mansions. Don't be careful with different books, they are a little rusty.
Dots will pop up. "(A Dream of Red Mansions) Her familiarity with traditional novels,
Her creation was branded with China's traditional novels, and she didn't study by herself.
First of all, the language of storytelling
The language of Zhang Ailing's novels is somewhat like storytelling, and she likes to add an introduction at the beginning of the novel. In traditional novels, storytellers always say at the beginning of each book: "The last book talked about …", and the beginning of each new story is a preface. Zhang also likes to add an introduction at the beginning of the novel. For example, at the beginning of "Agarwood Tablets * The First Furnace Incense": "Please find out the moldy and colorful copper incense burner handed down from your family, light a furnace of Agarwood Tablets, and listen to me tell a story about Hong Kong before the war. When you finish this batch of agarwood chips, my story is over. " Another example is the beginning of jasmine fragrance: "This pot of jasmine fragrance I brewed for you may be a bit too bitter. I'm afraid the story I want to tell you about Hong Kong is just as bitter ... Hong Kong is a gorgeous but sad city. " ……
Second, A Dream of Red Mansions and The Golden Lock
Zhang's novels are obviously influenced by A Dream of Red Mansions, especially The Golden Lock. Not only do they describe boudoir trivia, but even the characters in the book are exactly the same as those in A Dream of Red Mansions: "Xiao Shuang said,' Tell you, don't ask your young lady to go! Our second grandma opened a sesame oil shop at home. Feng Xiao yo a track:' open sesame oil shop! Where did you come up with that? Like your great-grandmother, she is a noble family. Although we are not as good as our great-grandmother, we are not condescending people ... "(The Golden Lock) These dialogues seem to be a copy of A Dream of Red Mansions. The same parents, the same language of life, hearing the characters' language and thinking of their expressions, can you not think of Pinger or Qingwen in A Dream of Red Mansions? Another example is a passage describing Cao's appearance: "That Cao didn't sit down. He held the door in one hand and his waist in the other. He looked around and said, "man! I must be late again today! Why don't you blame me for not being late ... who taught me to point the window to the backyard? Just send me that room. Anyway, we won't live long, just wait for orphans and widows ...' Who will you bully if you don't bully us?' "It should be a chicken girl! The colorful appearance, meticulous and tireless clothing description, pungent and sharp manners all seem to be born out of Xifeng.
Thirdly, tragedy consciously inherits and forms the tragic atmosphere of language.
A Dream of Red Mansions is a tragedy, and so are Zhang Ailing's works. Reading Zhang's works will make people fall into a "deep desolation". Her language is gloomy, which makes her whole work shrouded in sadness. Some people say: "Zhang Ailing is undoubtedly close to a dream of red mansions. The bleak tone in her works is based on the description of daily life and the tireless description of daily details. The details are often beautiful and charming, while the theme is always pessimistic. All general observations of life point to nothingness. " "Her words often overflow with heavy sadness and bitterness that cannot be washed away by water. They are often as clear and erratic as fog, and it is hard to understand why. "The two incense burners in the agarwood fragment are tragedies; The most famous The Golden Lock is a tragedy. Half life is a tragedy ... only the love of the whole city has a happy ending, but it is based on the premise of the destruction of the world and civilization. In this case, Fan Liuyuan's nerves are just a little tired outside of paralysis. " He is just a selfish man, and she is just a selfish woman. In this war-torn era, individualism has no place. But there is always room for an ordinary couple. "It was the war that restored some humanity to Fan Liuyuan and changed the tassel of taking marriage as a career. Is this also a movie?
The third is the persistent pursuit of the poetic beauty of the object sign and image.
Car after car, like children waiting in line, is noisy, shouting and ringing the hoarse bell happily: "Klein, Clay, Klein, Clay!" " -"tram", the word appears repeatedly in Zhang Ailing's text:
"Sometimes, all the trams come into the factory, but only one, mysteriously, stops in the middle of the road." (Interesting Apartment Life)
The original meaning of the tram is just a means of transportation, and it is the carrier that travels through the city. But in Zhang Ailing's vision, it gradually sublimated into a container bearing life. It was through the creation of Blockade that Zhang Ailing began to explore the symbolic meaning of "tram".
"If you don't encounter a blockade, the tram will never break down. Shielded. " (Blocked) Trams suddenly stop moving on the normal track as usual, so what kind of problems will happen after people overflow the normal life track?
Lv Zongzhen, an accountant of Huamao Bank, began to summon up courage to talk to Wu Cuiyuan around him. No sooner had he talked than he began to talk. Slowly, in the isolated container of the tram, he began to fall into his own trap. At some point, he suddenly felt in love, and concluded that Cui Yuan was "a lovely woman-white, thin and warm, like a breath in her mouth in winter" (Blockade), but after all, "Blockade is open". Ding Lingling Lingling is ringing the bell. " (Blockade) When Lv Zongzhen came home, the woman's face on the tram had begun to blur, and the only impression left was what she said.
Blockade discusses the abnormal desires of human beings in a normal space-Zhang Ailing believes that human desires can grow in such a specific environment. On the blocked tram, time and space are blocked, and the blockade has become the growth of hidden desires in people's hearts, giving human nature a real freedom opportunity to be blocked in reality. The tram symbolizes the real human world.
Symbol is Zhang Ailing's usual technique, which expresses a special meaning with concrete things. Writing a novel should not be too straightforward, or it will be as dull as cold and plain. In her novels, symbols can be seen everywhere, and symbols have replaced her in her works and become a tool for her to communicate with readers.
For example, in the second fragrance of agarwood crumbs, "Roger made the rice towel into a circle, put it on the food plate, watched it gradually loosen, reached out to crumple it and squeezed it tightly." This is the wedding table. Roger is extremely disgusted with Radisson, a slim widow. This neurotic woman has been throwing cold water on her for fear that her sister will make the same mistake again. Roger's anger at her is symbolized here: the rice towel is Li Lisheng's thin neck, which is tightly held so that she can't say those depressing words.
"Holding a photo frame in both hands, kissing a thin face, only separated by cold glass. Don't! It was not the glass, but his fiery lips that separated them ... "What caused the tragedy? "Cold glass" symbolizes the self-styled style of a delicate virgin. Roger's passion for burning lips could not dissolve the hard ice of the Virgin Mary, but it was misunderstood as animal violence ... He didn't realize this until "lightning and thunder". It turns out that Li Leidison's husband is an ordinary person, just like him. "Although the fault lies in the unconscious two women, in people's eyes and mouths, they become victims, and the convicted are actually two innocent" ordinary "men.
In the novel, Zhang Ailing also uses various images frequently and flexibly, so that the characters and objects are highly integrated under certain conditions, resulting in new images with changed essence, which completes the poetic expression of the author's perception of life in the narrative process.
In Zhang Ailing's novels, examples of successful use of images abound. It can be said that in the history of modern literature, it is difficult to find any writer who uses so many images in her novels. Images have many functions in her novels: enhancing the vividness and sense of pictures, making readers have rich associations, and conveying the specific psychological state of the characters, etc.
These images are familiar to people and conform to daily experience and prescribed situations, without strangeness, strangeness and exaggeration. Each stroke is strictly realistic. However, because of her ingenuity in shaping images, she can integrate the subjective feelings of characters with her feelings about life, so that the originally lifeless scenes and objects seem to have their own lives and gain symbolic significance beyond the noumenon, so that readers can experience life in the images composed of these familiar things.
These symbolic images scattered in the process of the story enrich the meaning of the novel from different angles and sides, and at the same time convey the theme of the novel more implicitly and meaningfully, thus making the novel have a strong symbolic color.
In Fragments of the First Furnace of Aquilaria Resinatum, before Wei Long really entered the life of Liang Zhai, the author used images to express his feelings and experiences about this environment from different times and angles.
The first time was during the day, and the scenery in the sun was clear and pleasing to the eye. "My aunt's garden is just a rectangular lawn, surrounded by a low white stone railing, and outside the railing is a barren hill. This garden is like a golden lacquer tray lifted out of thin air in chaotic mountains. " (The first fragrance of agarwood crumbs) A little hope in Wei Long's heart is a bright spot in her life;
The second time was after dusk, Wei Long went down the mountain and looked back at Liang Zhai. "Wei Long stopped to rest for a while, but he was a little unhappy. Looking back at my aunt's house, I can vaguely see the yellow and red window sills, the green glass windows reflecting the sea color, and the magnificent white house covered with green glazed tiles, which is a bit like the ancient imperial tomb. " (The first fragrance of agarwood crumbs) I feel that everything is not as real as in my dream. The word Huangling also implies that Liang Zhai is a rich and prosperous place and a sacrifice of young girls.
On a foggy night, she saw Liang Zhai again. "It was a wet spring night, and the fog on the mountain in Hong Kong is the most famous. Liang's white house was glued to melt in the white fog, and only the lights in the green glass window were shaking. One side is green, like ice cubes in mint wine, and the ice cubes gradually melt into water-the fog becomes thicker and the lights in the pane disappear. " (The first fragrance of agarwood crumbs) This mansion hidden behind the dense fog symbolizes the uncertain future of Wei Long.
These vivid images not only project the psychological state and subjective feelings of the characters in a specific environment, but also imply the prediction of their unfortunate fate. At the same time, the author's life feeling also escapes in this song: all the prosperous activities are fleeting, just like the "golden lacquer tray lifted out of thin air in the chaotic mountain" with a desolate background. The sense of destruction of the times, the impermanence of life and the fragility of civilization ... all these make the sensible things in life dissipate like clouds, and even the best life will go to the grave of history with the passage of time.
There are so many images like this in Zhang Ailing's novels that it is too numerous to mention. Although there are many images in Zhang Ailing's novels, the moon is the largest, the most typical and the most distinctive. Not only does the time and place of "Moon" have a clear correspondence with the characters' psychology, but every time "Moon" rises in Zhang Ailing's world, it has different emotional colors and different symbolic meanings. It can be said that deciphering the "moon" that constantly appears in Zhang Ailing's novels is helpful to understand Zhang Ailing's creative psychology and grasp the artistic characteristics of her novels.
The Golden Lock has written "Moon" in many places.
At the beginning of the novel, a moon 30 years ago brings readers into a sad story: "Shanghai 30 years ago, a moonlit night ... 30 years ago, we may not see the moon." Young people think that the moon 30 years ago should be as red, yellow and wet as a copper coin, like a tear on Duoyunxuan stationery, old and confused. The moon recalled by the old man thirty years ago is happier, bigger, rounder and whiter than the moon in front of him. However, after 30 years of hard work, looking back, no matter how good the moonlight is, it will inevitably be a bit bleak. " (The Golden Lock)
At the end of the novel, the sinking of the moon is compared: "The moon sank 30 years ago, and people died 30 years ago, but the story of 30 years ago is not finished-it can't be finished." (The Golden Lock) ended Qiao Qi's story and fate.
In this novel, the appearance of the "moon" several times is either vague, incomplete or crazy and scary, lacking the romantic artistic conception of moonlight in the usual sense. On the one hand, it is because Zhang Ailing uses the moon to symbolize the unfortunate fate of the characters and the horror of abnormal sexual desire, on the other hand, it also contains Zhang Ailing's rare and complete sigh for life.
In Zhang Ailing's other novels, such as The First Pot of Aquilaria, Love in the City, Fragrant Jasmine Fragments and The Second Pot of Aquilaria, there are vivid metaphors and descriptions about the moon. The images of the "moon" constantly emerging in Zhang Ailing's world are varied, including cold, bright, hazy, sympathetic, sad, incomplete and so on. The Eternal Moon reflects the characters in Zhang Ailing's world, their secrecy and cruelty, their weakness and fear, and their humanity struggling in the process of civilization development from different angles and directions.
It should be said that it is such symbols and images that construct Zhang Ailing's novel world, and the symbolic connotation behind the text in the novel transcends its superficial meaning, which makes the charm of Zhang Ailing's novels last forever.
"Pictures inlaid with gems are appreciated, not for the color of gems." ("On Zhang Ailing's Novels") But this sentence by Mr. Fu Lei truly tells the role that Zhang Ailing played in her novel creation.
Undoubtedly, Zhang Ailing's exquisite language skills are also the reason why her novels always attract readers. Her clever metaphor, peculiar color, and various symbols and images that appear repeatedly in her articles have all printed the anti-counterfeiting mark of "Zhang Ailing" on her novels. Only Zhang Ailing has such a wonderful language, and only such a wonderful language can accompany this talented female writer.
Zhang Zeng, a writer in Taiwan Province Province, praised Su Tong as "the most attractive stroke after Zhang Ailing" after reading Wives and Concubines and House of Poppies, which is regarded as the highest evaluation of Su Tong so far. It can be seen that Zhang ailing's "narrative charm". Since the May 4th Movement, there are not a few writers who have written in vernacular Chinese and have excellent language skills. People with different backgrounds can cite Lu Xun, Shen Congwen, Zhu Ziqing, Bai Xianyong or Wang Zengqi. But the history of China literature ignores her-Zhang Ailing.
Zhang Ailing's appearance in China's literary world not only enriched the treasure house of literary and artistic language, but also provided a model and useful reference for her later literary creation to creatively use national language.