It means that on the basis of measuring, analyzing and summarizing the subjective and objective conditions of a person's career, comprehensively analyzing and weighing his own interests, hobbies, abilities and characteristics, combining with the characteristics of the times and according to his own career tendency, determining his best career goal and making effective arrangements for achieving this goal.

So what's the significance for freshmen? Freshmen look for knowledge, skills, interests and hobbies suitable for their career development from the beginning of their enrollment, give themselves a clear positioning as soon as possible, and finally realize the matching between individuals and occupations and maximize their personal value.

Step by step can win, step by step is difficult.

For freshmen, it is mainly to improve their knowledge and skills. Freshman is the beginning of the university, and it is a crucial year that affects the other three years and even the future of the university. Therefore, the first step for freshmen to enter the university must be good, so as to lay a foundation for future employment. Only by doing it step by step can we win step by step!

So, how do freshmen make their own plans? Employment guidance experts divide it into seven steps:

The first step is to adapt to the campus environment. In the first month of college, freshmen are in a strange environment, so they should get familiar with the campus environment as soon as possible and get rid of strangeness. While being familiar with the campus environment, we should also understand the campus resources and learn to use the network to master information.

The second step is to think about yourself and define your position. At this stage, freshmen need to know themselves as comprehensively as possible and explore their hobbies. Establish career ideals according to your own personality characteristics and abilities.

The third step is the adaptation period of school life. The main task of freshmen in this period is to learn basic courses well and master basic skills. And develop good habits of life and study, and make efficient use of university resources.

The fourth step is the understanding period of the selected major. After freshmen have a basic understanding of college life, understanding majors is put on the agenda. At this stage, freshmen should consult more professional teachers to understand relevant professional knowledge. In the process of studying professional courses, establish your own interest in this major.

The fifth step is during other professional fairs. It is a good choice to use these spare time to learn from others and reserve knowledge related to this major for yourself. Contact with other majors related to this major, and on the basis of learning this major well, learn the knowledge of other majors through the library or network, understand and judge this major, and determine your own interests and your own target major.

The sixth step is the professional skill experience period. After studying the theory, it's time to find a chance to experience it for yourself, so as to verify your choice in theory and practice. For example, science students and teachers go to the laboratory to do a lot of professional practice, and journalism students can try to write some articles or even work part-time in the summer vacation. Students with marketing goals can try to do some sales work, which takes at least two months, which is conducive to judging whether their target career is of interest to them and adjusting their goals.

The seventh step is the establishment period of university relations. The accumulation of contacts should start from the university. In college life, we should not only pay attention to the communication with former classmates or friends, but also not ignore the establishment of college classmates' relationship. Specifically, it is the following: 1, familiar with the department of the class and determine the communication object; 2. Learn about school alumni and join community organizations; 3. Strengthen communication with teachers and find tutors; 4. Expand off-campus communication, and look for noble people in life.

As long as freshmen have a heart for a rainy day, from now on, get to know themselves deeply, make a good career orientation and make clear their life goals, they will find the internal source of their career and draw a perfect stroke for their future.

Second, how do freshmen adapt to college life

After the baptism of the college entrance examination, freshmen become the lucky ones in the college entrance examination and enter the long-awaited university hall. They are immersed in the longing for college life and a bright future. However, the university is not a paradise or a casino, but a place to recharge before entering the workplace. College may not be what you think. When the original desire for further study has been realized and the new goal has not been found, it is inevitable to fall into temporary confusion. At the same time, I feel that the life and learning styles of universities and middle schools are completely different, so I need to change my role as soon as possible and adapt to university life as soon as possible.

(1) mind your own business

In college, you should first learn to be a man, and then learn to be a useful person.

University life is a collective life and an independent life. Entering the university, the living environment will change greatly. Students come from all corners of the country, and their living habits, temperament and personal hobbies will be different, so some contradictions are inevitable. The most important thing is to properly handle these contradictions with tolerance and understanding.

In life, we must learn to live independently. We should establish a correct outlook on life. University life is rich and colorful, study should be effective, life should be orderly, entertainment should be beneficial, communication should be intentional, and consumption should be moderate.

Learn to arrange your own time in your study. A lot of time in college is reserved for yourself. We should arrange time for preview, homework, exercise, entertainment and rest, and control ourselves.

Therefore, for freshmen, we should take six steps:

1, adjust your mind and start from the beginning. Maybe you are the best in high school, an example to your classmates and the pride of your parents. Your classmates are equally excellent. In the past, high school was the best. In this new group, it is not clear who is taller and who is lower. When you get to college, you lose the feeling of holding the moon in the past and feel empty. Don't be depressed at this time. High school is only the foundation, and the university will gradually train you into a professional in a certain field. Everyone who has just entered the university has equal opportunities and stands on the same starting line. As for the final result, it depends on their own efforts.

2. Do your own financial management. You should learn to be your own master when you go to college; With parents' hard-earned money, we should consider both material products and spiritual food when calculating monthly food, clothing, housing and transportation. Otherwise, there will be a fiscal deficit, but it is far from hunger.

3、? Home? Suddenly there are five brothers (sisters) with local accents. They will live under the same roof for four years. Meeting is fate. Everyone has advantages and we can share them. Everyone has shortcomings, so we should tolerate each other.

There are many kinds of clubs in universities. At the beginning of each new school year, new notices are posted everywhere on campus, and leaflets are flying all over the sky. Be sure to hold your horses and bear it first. Find the club you are interested in, first look at its nature and previous activities, then talk to your brothers and sisters, see how the reputation of the club is, and finally see if its membership fee is reasonable. If you are satisfied with the above aspects, then sign up!

Learning in college is almost like changing teachers, changing one classroom after another, having a noisy class and ending the class. Self-study is the main feature of university study. Not only should you digest and absorb what you have learned in class, but even your whole knowledge system needs to be supplemented and improved by yourself. Therefore, in addition to professional study, we should also properly dabble in extracurricular knowledge and enrich ourselves.

6. What should I do if I am not satisfied with my present major? It doesn't matter, you still have a chance to choose again in college. If you are still not interested in your major after studying for one year, you can apply to change your major. As long as you pass the prescribed exam, you can get what you want. If you still don't want to go to this major, you can also choose to minor or double major. You only need to complete the assigned credits, and you can still get the certificate.

(B) changes in the role of life

Freshmen should make five changes to adapt to the living environment of the university:

1, changes in social roles

College students and middle school students have different roles in school. In middle school, many of them hold certain positions and are respected learning leaders in schools or classes. However, in a university campus with abundant talents, most people may become ordinary students who do not hold any positions. Freshmen must adapt to this change from famous to unknown, from high flyers to ordinary students. In addition, the social roles of college students and middle school students are different, the psychology and thoughts of middle school students are developing, and their career direction and social roles are not sure enough; The career direction of college students is basically determined, and their social status has been greatly improved. The society's expectations and requirements for college students are much higher than those of middle school students. Therefore, in order to realize the social role transformation from middle school students to college students, freshmen should be strict with themselves according to the standards of college students everywhere, and learn to be a man and do things at the same time.

2, the transformation goal of public welfare network (recommended by the special group)

University is a new starting point for success in life and career. The ancients said:? Where there is a will, there is a way. ,? And learning must be determined first? . College students should wake up from the satisfaction and intoxication of the success of the college entrance examination, formulate their own goals and action strategies in terms of academic, ideological and moral, psychological development and other quality training according to the objective reality of school teaching, enhance the internal motivation of enterprising, and lay a good foundation for re-creating brilliant life in the university stage.

3. Changes in the way of thinking

Compared with middle schools, universities have a fast pace of life, a large space for activities, and many people make friends. Faced with these changes in environmental conditions, how should freshmen think? No? Turn around. When thinking about dealing with the problems encountered, we should strive to be dialectical and comprehensive, not idealistic and one-sided, far-sighted, pragmatic and short-sighted, deliberate on the choice of major issues in life, not blindly impulsive or emotional, strengthen moral and legal concepts, and consider the consequences when doing things.

4, lifestyle changes

In middle school, some trivial matters of life depend on the help of parents and relatives. After entering the university, personal life such as food, clothing, housing and transportation is arranged by myself. Autonomy, self-reliance and self-discipline are the main themes of university life. College students should adapt to these lifestyle changes, deal with personal study and life problems independently and reasonably, pay attention to cultivating the ability of independent living, consciously abide by school rules and regulations and work and rest time, and develop good living habits; We should actively participate in cultural and sports activities and second class activities organized by schools and classes.

5. Changes in communication methods.

College students and middle school students come from different sources. Most middle school students study in their hometown, and their classmates are full of local accent and homesickness; However, college students come from all over the country, and their language, personality and living habits are quite different, which requires the change of communication methods. Freshmen should pay attention to obedience? Self? Centered? Collective? For the transformation of the center, we should care more about others in the class and be polite to each other in the dormitory. First of all, we should understand each other, adapt to each other and advocate active communication; Secondly, students should respect and care for each other, be sincere and enthusiastic, combine leniency with severity, stress principles on major issues and style on minor issues; Third, in dealing with classmates, we should persist in being kind to others and engage in it. All corners of the country communicate in all directions, instead of having the concept of fellow villagers, engaging in vulgar styles such as sects and gangs, and paying attention to the harmony of interpersonal relationships. Pay attention to leave a good impression in communication. For example, dress neatly and generously, talk politely, treat people sincerely, be neither supercilious nor supercilious, keep promises and be punctual. Also eliminate shyness in communication and cultivate it in conversation? Say? With what? Listen. Skills. Pay attention to improving the level of personal accomplishment and develop good behavior habits. Cultivate all-round communication skills and the art of doing things.

(C) establish a correct view of love

When students transfer from middle school to university, there is naturally one more life problem, love. There is a saying called. In college, love is unavoidable? . But for freshmen, it is extremely important to treat this problem correctly.

First of all, in the early days of college, love (especially girls) is a high incidence period, and it is also a high incidence period of lovelorn. Is it frequent? Arrangement and combination period? . Puppy love is not conducive to success, and it is not conducive to freshmen's smooth adaptation to college life and study. Secondly, college freshmen's love is not conducive to correctly grasping the standards of love. Because of the uncertainty of college students' career direction, economic situation and other prospects, they have little social experience and have a poor understanding of real life. They are often full of idealized colors about love and can't stand the test of real life. At the same time, premature love is not conducive to the correct treatment and handling of various problems in love. In addition, puppy love is motivated and one-sided, and the success rate is low, which is often? Fate acquaintance, no chance to get together? . In short, college students' love is not conducive to the all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique, and puppy love is more harmful than good for college students to become talents.

But people have feelings. There is nothing wrong with liking each other, and there is no need to blame yourself too much, but we must pay attention to the following points:

First of all, distinguish between love and friendship.

Second, love should be subordinated to learning. For college students, love obeys studies, which means putting studies first, ensuring that reason transcends feelings and truly grasps behavior.

Third, we must abide by the ethics of love. Public welfare network () recommended by the special group

Fourth, treat love setbacks correctly.

To sum up, for freshmen, we should pay attention to four wants and four don't.

One is learning. It is an eternal truth that students focus on learning. Since you study, you have to make some efforts. Generally speaking, science and engineering students work harder than literature and history students.

Second, play. College students should play with a purpose as a supplement. Value? Let's go You can participate in interesting activities. Student associations? . Old-fashioned? Student associations? There are: English club, film salon, literature club, etc. Now there are people, tennis teams and model teams. As for which club to join, if you can have brothers and sisters, etc. Master? Better point out the maze.

Third, we must observe. The observation mentioned here is not only a keen and unique observation of scientific phenomena, but also an observation of all people and things around. Especially in the process of interacting with people, if you are good at observing, you can not only make real friends, but also learn a lot of valuable experience.

Fourth, we should think hard. After observation, we must learn to think. When I first entered the university, everything seemed so fresh. Take the student association, for example. On the whole, it is not all good. You must think more when you choose, and don't make a hasty decision on impulse.

First, don't be conceited. I was in a good mood when I first entered the university, but I can't do this? Frivolity? . Universities are gathering places for intellectual elites from all walks of life, and your teachers may be academic celebrities; Your seniors may have made small achievements; Relatively speaking, what are you doing now? It's nothing. .

Second, don't be sharp. Maybe some students can't understand this article. Didn't they do it on purpose? Reflect personal value? Really? Since you want it? Reflection? , but can't? Exposed? , how to do it? Freshmen, after all, most of them are inexperienced, young and prone to extremes. It's best to watch and listen more first, and think twice before you do anything, so as to gradually mature.

Third, don't intrigue. So-called? Home and everything? Many college students live in accommodation. What is the school? Home? We should unite our classmates and friends.

Fourth, don't be trapped by love. In college, right? Love? Attitude, basically? Do not advocate? What else? Don't try to ban it? Because this is a personal matter after all. If one day you find yourself? Trapped by love? It is better to get rid of it as soon as possible, after all, there are more important things waiting for you in the four years of college.

Third, how do freshmen learn to learn?

Compared with middle school learning, there are many differences between college learning and middle school learning, the main difference is that the learning content and learning methods have changed greatly.

Change one: more content.

In middle school, we usually only study about ten courses, and for two years, we focused on the college entrance examination subjects. The teacher mainly teaches general basic knowledge. However, there are more than 40 courses that need to be studied in four years. The courses studied each semester are different, with many contents, and the learning tasks are much heavier than those in middle schools. Freshmen and sophomores mainly study public courses and basic courses, juniors mainly study professional basic courses and some professional courses and elective courses, and seniors mainly study professional courses, carry out graduation design and do graduation thesis.

Change 2: more self-study

In middle school, teachers often take up self-study classes, which makes students very upset. This situation hardly exists in universities. Because of the relative decrease of college classroom teaching, the time for self-study has greatly increased. At the same time, universities provide students with a very good learning environment. The university has a well-collected library, a well-equipped laboratory and various extracurricular scientific research activities.

Change 3: The teacher cares less.

In terms of learning methods, in middle school, as long as you follow the teacher, you can follow the teacher's instructions. What does the teacher teach the students? Leading teaching hand in hand, who is the university teacher? The teacher is in front and the students are leading the way? Advocate students to study independently, arrange extracurricular time independently, and gradually start from? Want me to learn? Where to? I want to learn? Change, do not use sea tactics and rote learning methods, and advocate lively learning and diligent thinking.

Change 4: the lecture speed is fast.

First, university teachers introduce many ideas and explain few details. Mainly teaching key and difficult contents, many teachers use projectors and multimedia to teach, which realizes the diversification of teaching methods and the rapid progress of teaching. A class may have to teach one chapter or several chapters. Second, there are more abstract theories and less intuitive content. Third, there are more discussions in class and fewer answers after class. Fourth, there are more reference books and less extracurricular exercises. Some teachers talk about two or three chapters in a class, and the students who attend the class don't even have time to turn over the books.

What did you study at university?

The foundation of university education is the inculcation of basic knowledge and the cultivation of humanistic spirit, and the study in university is completely different from that in middle school. Stepping into the university campus, we are faced with a brand-new learning and living environment. The learning task is very arduous, not only to learn professional knowledge, but also to learn knowledge outside the major; To learn scientific research methods, but also to learn experiments and technical operations; Learn to be a man and learn to do things. First of all, the knowledge learned in the university is composed of basic courses, specialized basic courses and specialized courses, which come step by step and step by step. Failure to learn any of the previous links will affect the progress of the following courses. In addition, students have to pass the CET-4 and CET-6 and the computer proficiency test at school, so the learning task is not easy.

Different learning tasks

The learning task of primary and secondary schools is mainly to learn all kinds of basic knowledge of science and culture. Prepare for further study or employment. With the goal of cultivating all kinds of senior professionals, universities should not only learn professional knowledge, but also master professional skills and learn to apply knowledge to solve problems, which is closely integrated with the needs of the whole society and has strong practicality and pertinence.

Different learning contents

University study is a highly professional learning process, but these courses are closely centered around one center, which is to serve the cultivation of specialized talents. In addition, the university also offers a large number of elective courses, lectures, experiments, internships and social surveys, which reflect the new knowledge and new contents of the development of modern science and technology. There are many kinds of lectures in universities. We should actively participate in school cultural activities and communicate with scholars and classmates.

Different learning styles and methods.

Learning styles and methods are different. In college courses, most teachers only pay attention to the key points in the class. Freshmen should develop good study habits, preview in advance, find out the key and difficult points of the course through preview, understand the internal relationship of the course, be aware of it and master the initiative in class. University study fully embodies students' initiative, enthusiasm and consciousness, and constantly explores and summarizes effective learning methods suitable for them. When studying in university, we must change the learning style of exam-oriented education in the past and actively participate in extracurricular practice and various interest groups, which is very important for future development.

Different learning goals

The study in university stage is linked with employment, and the credit system is mainly implemented. What to study and how to arrange the study time can be emphasized according to personal characteristics. The way of learning in universities requires students' autonomy. Therefore, freshmen should change their learning methods, understand their majors and employment, plan their career goals and work hard to achieve them.

Fourth, how do freshmen get along with their classmates

Du, a student of Shanghai International Studies University, encountered such a problem when he first entered the university last year. In the first month after entering the university, several students in the dormitory were close and everyone's life was very unified. In the second month, because students come from different regions and different families, there are obvious differences in concepts, values, lifestyles and habits, and there are also many conflicts between them.

For freshmen, the relationship between classmates (especially those in the same dormitory) is a serious problem that puzzles everyone. Interpersonal relationship is a compulsory course for prospective college students, and students who are about to enter colleges and universities should consciously strengthen the cultivation in this respect.

First, learn to tolerate others. Many students have no experience of living on campus. Before they went to college, they lived freely. Suddenly, if they want to share a dormitory with several people, they must tolerate other people's lifestyles. If other people's lifestyles interfere with your life, you need to put forward your opinions euphemistically and adjust yourself appropriately (for example, adjust your schedule). Public welfare network () recommended by the special group

Second, active communication. If you want to handle the relationship between classmates, you should be lenient with others and strict with yourself. Don't take me as the center. In our daily life, we should take the initiative to greet our classmates, talk to them and help others. In addition, we should take the initiative to do some public affairs to increase students' goodwill.

Third, pay attention to skills. When you get along with your classmates, you should be honest with each other, but when you give advice to your classmates, you must use your brains and pay attention to methods and skills. One thing to note is that you must not give advice to others in front of everyone, so as not to be embarrassed and lose face.

Actively handle interpersonal relationships.

In college, you learn not only knowledge, but also various skills, including the skills of interacting with people. The study in the university stage emphasizes the team way more. Especially for students studying in middle schools, it may be difficult for them to adapt to dormitory life when they just enter the university, and several people will inevitably have friction with their study life, which will easily affect their studies and future development if they are not handled well. Therefore, you should learn to tolerate others, don't haggle over every ounce in front of things, and always be tolerant and generous. Of course, in the initial stage, it takes some time to deal with the relationship between team members.

What should college students pay attention to in interpersonal communication?

People in society are always in a certain social relationship, and college students are inseparable from people. Harmonious interpersonal relationship is not only an indispensable condition for college students' mental health, but also an important way for college students to obtain mental health. Attention should be paid to interpersonal communication among college students;

Face psychology: Many interpersonal conflicts among college students occur in trivial matters without principled problems, often an unintentional collision, casual verbal injury or petty gain. It would have been all right to say hello and apologize, but what about the two sides? Angry? No greeting, no apology, rude remarks. As a result, they quarreled. What's more, one refused, the other punched each other, broke his head and regretted it afterwards. From the psychological point of view, it is that both sides are using inappropriate methods to maintain self-esteem, which is a typical face psychology. It seems that whoever apologizes first will lose face, and whoever bows before threats will be a coward, so the conflict escalates and even ends in tragedy.

Impulsive psychology: College students are in a specific physiological development period, and their self-control ability is weak, and they are impulsive when things happen, or some students think they are frank, but in fact they are impulsive. Many things, such as bicycle collision, are unwilling to happen, and sometimes it is difficult to judge who is right or wrong. If both sides are modest, they will live in peace. Even if you are reasonable, you can be tolerant and polite. However, college students tend to be impulsive and aggressive, making things worse.

Tolerance: Being honest with each other and exchanging needed goods is conducive to enhancing mutual friendship and reducing unnecessary frictions and conflicts. However, if you encounter differences of opinion when communicating with your classmates, or if the other party makes a mistake, whether to choose blunt wording, direct and detailed words, or to draw inferences from the other party's position and politely let the other party accept your opinions will have completely different effects. In addition, cultivating a sense of humor can also help ease the tense situation, and a few one-liners can make the embarrassing scene disappear in a joke.

Closed psychology: One of the manifestations of harmonious interpersonal relationship among college students is their willingness to associate with others. However, some college students form different degrees of closed psychology for various reasons, which hinders the formation of their normal interpersonal relationships. Some are introverted, the intensity of emotional impulse is weak, and the performance of exposure is not obvious, which makes people mistakenly think that it is closed. In fact, some of them have deep feelings and can help others to the end; Some are busy all day, tired of intense work and heavy study, always in a state of fatigue, and naturally have no enthusiasm. As long as the nervous mood is relaxed, their enthusiasm can generally be mobilized quickly; Others are caused by psychological trauma. For example, I used to treat people sincerely, but I was cheated and assassinated. So they gradually became wary of people and did not easily expose their thoughts and feelings. The recommendation of the public welfare network () special group or their research has been frustrated again and again. The world cast a gloomy color in their eyes, and they lost their confidence and pursuit of life. They think they have seen through the world of mortals, and it is difficult to arouse his enthusiasm for new things and activities. For students with closed psychology, the most important thing is to try to change themselves and improve themselves. We should care for them and help them with greater enthusiasm, instead of simply accusing them or even isolating them.

Seven common methods of personal career planning

1, naturally occurring method:

Everything goes with the flow, especially in? Package distribution? S, can be used in that era, because it is a less emphasis? Personal cultivation? And then what? Self-happiness? Today, especially after mankind entered the 2 1 century, with the development of society and the return of humanistic care, people are increasingly hoping to make the most suitable choice to reflect their own life value and significance.

All the time, if possible? Go on with it, you can always do it, right? Accept the reality and conform to external requirements? Spontaneous generation is also an option.

2, the current trend method:

? Conformity? Is the instinctive expression of human self-protection, so it appears? Is it hot? And then what? Follow the crowd? . The current trend method can reduce our external risks, but it is easy to appear at this time? Blind conformity? And ignore their personal feelings.

So, you need to ask yourself. Whether I like it or not, whether I am suitable or not, what is it? The most suitable is the best. ?

3, the artificial hand others method:

There are human resources that we are aware of, and we should integrate and make rational use of them;

If you haven't discovered the undeveloped network resources hidden around you, you should bravely discover, integrate and gradually use them.

Just say it, okay The predecessors planted trees and the descendants enjoyed the cool? Should we also think of ourselves and our descendants? Plant good trees and maintain them? .

4, the most labor-saving method:

A popular phrase nowadays? It is better to grow well than to be born well, and to be born well is better than to marry well? Although different people have different views on this, we should distinguish between them? Is it a denial of justice? , or from? Sour grape psychology? what's up Envy, jealousy, hate? .

Of course, from an existential point of view, can we continue to do this? Responsible for your choices? And be firmly responsible for your actions at any time, is that? The white snake is infatuated with Xu Xian, and Xu Xian marries the white snake, which has nothing to do with the monk.

5. Money worship law:

There is nothing wrong with pursuing the maximization of economic interests legally and reasonably.

If we blindly pursue unsustainable economic interests, it is not advisable for individuals, collectives or the whole human world.

6. Setting method:

The realistic basis may be the reference of rationality or the limitation of adaptability. So what's the difference? Conservative? And then what? Experience? .

7, window walking method:

Sometimes the best choice is no choice.

When we can't choose, why not jump out of the choice itself and have a look? Why am I trapped by choice or? What kind of goal should be achieved in the end? Which option is closer to my goal? ?