Point number list (1)
Point at the end of a confidential sentence
Name pause comma semicolon colon period question mark exclamation point
Form,,; : 。 ? !
The action is punctuated, indicating the pause, mood and structural relationship of the sentence.
Tag List (2)
Name quotation marks parentheses dash ellipsis title bullet hyphen interval proper name
Form ""()-"" ...
Function indicates the nature and function of related content.
We should focus on the usage of several common punctuation marks.
(1) period is used at the end of the statement. A soothing imperative sentence is also used. For example:
The door is closed. Please close the door.
(2) Question marks are used at the end of interrogative sentences. For example:
Why did you come back so late today?
(3) The exclamation mark is used at the end of the exclamatory sentence. For example:
This article is really well written!
(4) Commas are used for general pauses in sentences. For example:
Around the lotus pond, there are many trees and lush.
Pause symbols are used to pause between juxtaposed words or phrases in a sentence. For example:
The mountains, water, trees and grass here are all familiar to me.
(6) Semicolons are used to coordinate pauses between clauses. For example:
The ground was swept by Wang Hong; Li Ling cleaned the window.
Once the colon is used after the prompt or before the blanket, it has the function of prompting or summarizing the above. For example:
I thought: Hope is nothing, nothing.
⑻ Quotation marks indicate: ① reference. 2 emphasize. ③ Irony or negation. ④ Specific appellation. For example:
He suddenly remembered Du Fu's poem: "Wan He is near Jingmen, and Mrs. Guang was born and raised in Sri Lanka."
(9) Parentheses indicate comments in the text. For example:
Fruit (apples, peaches, pears, etc.). What Tibet needs is shipped from other provinces.
⑽ Dash indicates: ① Description. ② Progressive meaning. 3 indicates a turning point. (4) The sound is prolonged. ⑤ words are stopped. For example:
I didn't want to go, but my mother-in-law insisted that I visit him again-what's the point!
⑾ Ellipsis indicates: ① The quotation is omitted. ② Omission of repeated content. 3 words are not finished. (4) semantic unfinished. ⑤ Speak intermittently. For example:
(1) But Chinese and foreign killers hold their heads high and don't know that there is blood on every face. ...
He covered his wound and said, "I'm ... I'm almost ready."
⑿ The title of the book indicates the name of the book, document, newspaper, article, etc. For example:
Have you seen the movie "The Promise"?
Five, set the wrong comb
Judging from the examination methods, there are mainly the following mistakes:
Misuse of pause between coordinate words in 1. sentence
In recent years, with the development of economy, the expansion of cities, the rapid increase of population and the improvement of living quality, urban garbage has been increasing, and "urban garbage treatment" has become a major problem in environmental protection. (Jilin Volume in 2004)
Generally, pause is used between words or phrases in a sentence, which is equivalent to "and" and ". If there are more than three coordinate components, only conjunctions are used between the last two coordinate components, and the rest coordinate components are marked with pauses. In this issue, the comma between "economic development, urban expansion and population explosion" should be changed to pause.
2. Misuse of pauses between parallel clauses
This spring, the coastal areas of this province will complete 37 million cubic meters of river embankment heightening and estuary closure diversion projects, which are heavy tasks, difficult projects and large scale. (97 national volumes)
"Heavy task", "difficult project" and "large scale" are three coordinate clauses, all of which are subject-predicate structures, with a long pause in the middle and a comma in the middle.
3. Misuse of pauses between numerals representing divisors
Three or four miles across the river is a shallow mountain, like a small wave of microwave, with soft lines and winding ups and downs, connecting high mountains. (1995 National Volume)
If two adjacent numbers are put together to represent a divisor, there is no pause between numerals in the language. "Three or four miles" should be a divisor, indicating the approximate distance, and the pause should be removed.
4. Misuse of colon after "so-and-so" in quotation.
"What are you still doing?" My mother scolded me loudly: "Hurry up and tidy up the room. When the teacher comes, I'll see what you do ... "(Guangdong Volume, 2004)
"So-and-so" can be placed before the quotation, followed by a colon, followed by a period, and between the quotations, followed by a comma. If you use a colon after "reprimand me", the previous words will not be settled. You should change the colon into a comma.
5. ellipsis and "etc." and "etc."
She doesn't clean carefully, she is impatient with children, she doesn't pay for food and flowers, she is lazy, and so on ... it's unbearable! (Hubei Volume in 2005)
Ellipsis and "and so on" and "and so on" both have the meaning of ellipsis and cannot be used at the same time. This sentence should be changed from ellipsis to comma.
6. Misuse of book titles
Recently, Chongqing Daily, Chongqing TV Station and Chongqing Radio Station jointly launched the column "Immortal Red Rock", which has aroused strong repercussions in the society. (Chongqing Volume in 2005)
The title of the book indicates the title of the book and newspaper article, and the educational activity of maintaining party member's advanced nature produced by "Chongqing Daily, Chongqing TV Station and Chongqing Radio Station * * *" is an "activity", so the title of immortal Hongyan should be removed and replaced by double quotation marks.
7. The dislocation of the last point of the sentence in the quotation.
The "Keep Jinan" photo exhibition deeply attracted the audience. That alley, that spring, that piece of green grass and moss have all become hard-to-find shadows. It can be said that "dreams are deeply remembered, and every street is always concerned." (Shandong Volume in 2005)
Quote the original text directly. At the end of the quotation marks, the period is enclosed in quotation marks. When the quotation becomes a component of the speaker's sentence, there are no punctuation marks (except question marks and exclamation marks) at the end of the quotation, and the points at the end of the sentence are placed outside quotation marks. This sentence "dreams are deeply remembered, and one street and one lane is always related to love." The period should be enclosed in quotation marks.
8. You should use colons instead of semicolons.
In the stock exchange, those who wear red vests are brokers, and those who wear yellow vests are managers and service personnel. This is unified all over the world. (1995 National Volume)
Colons generally indicate the pause after suggestive words and are used to prompt the following, but colons can also be used before general words to summarize the above. This sentence is divided first, then always said, always said that there is a colon in front of the content, this sentence should change the semicolon into a colon.
9. Misuse of two colons in the same sentence
Aunt Geng said to her son, "Dacheng, greet everyone and salute when you salute." Don't be afraid of jokes. As the saying goes,' it's not surprising to be polite to many people. "(1994 national volume)
Generally, only one colon is used in the same sentence, otherwise it is not clear. Therefore, in order to conform to the usage habits, it is necessary to remove the colon after "as the saying goes". In addition, the title "courtesy is not strange to many people" is quoted, and "horse" does not belong to the common saying, so a single quotation mark should be added before "horse"
10, punctuation marks outside brackets are misplaced.
1997 in the first quarter, the publishing house reminded the mail order payee that his name and detailed address must be clearly written on the money order (the name and quantity of books purchased are indicated in the remittance postscript column). (97 national volumes)
The content in brackets in this question is an explanation of the whole sentence and belongs to redundant brackets. The extra brackets should be placed after the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence, and the period should be placed before the brackets in this sentence.
1 1, the brackets in the sentence are misplaced.
In the field, we can see that the leaves of some fruits and vegetables (such as loofah and tomato) are flat, and the leaves of some crops (such as rice and wheat) are upright. (Chongqing Volume 2004)
Parentheses are the explanations of words in a sentence, which should be followed by the explained words. The content in brackets in this question is the explanation of "fruits, vegetables" and "crops", not the explanation of "leaves". Therefore, "(such as loofah and tomato)" should be placed behind "fruits and vegetables" and "(such as rice and wheat)" should be placed behind "crops".
12. Misuse of question marks in non-interrogative sentences
Recently, many provincial and ministerial officials were sentenced to death for corruption and bribery, and the people applauded, but people are still concerned about what the procuratorate will do with those bribers. (National Volume 2004)
Although some sentences contain interrogative words, the whole sentence expresses a declarative tone, with a period at the end and no question mark. Although there is a question word "how" in this sentence, the whole sentence expresses a declarative tone, and the question mark at the end of the sentence should be changed to a full stop.
13, put the question mark in the inverted sentence.
"Go or not? My little ancestor! " My mother knocked on my door. "I have been called several times, but you should give me an answer!" "(Zhejiang Volume, 2004)
Say the predicate first and then say the subject-predicate inversion sentence of the subject. Because it is still a complete sentence and expresses a complete meaning, the whole sentence can only use a period at the end of the sentence, and commas are used between the components of the inversion sentence. This sentence should be changed to "go or not, my little ancestor?" .
14, question mark is misused for table selection.
Therefore, throughout the NBA season, Yao Ming will be the focus of attention. What is the reason? Is it his size? His kindness? Or his what? (Shandong Volume in 2005)
This sentence is a multiple choice question. In general, optional questions can only use question marks at the end of sentences and commas between items in sentences. This sentence should change the first three question marks into commas.
Punctuation marks are one of the permanent test sites for college entrance examination. Only by accumulating and memorizing the usage of punctuation marks in peacetime, standardizing their use in daily study, and learning to summarize the types of permanent mistakes in college entrance examination propositions can we accurately find mistakes when doing problems.
Six, solve the problem refers to Tianjin.
1, find out the function, master the basic function of common punctuation marks, and pay attention to special usage. Every punctuation mark has its unique function, and candidates must master its function effectively. For those punctuation marks that are easily confused, we should understand their differences, use them correctly and judge them. For example:
"He saw in the newspaper that the graduate school of a university and the editorial board of China Culture jointly sponsored the enrollment notice of the summer seminar on China culture and world culture, and immediately wrote to sign up."
Analysis: This example confuses the role of book titles and quotation marks. The title of a book indicates the name of a book, chapter, newspaper, play, song, etc. And "China Culture and World Culture Summer Workshop" is just a proper name, so it should be replaced by quotation marks that can express the specific appellation function.
2. Try to find out the tone and identify the tone expressed in the sentence. According to the mood of the sentence, judge the type of the sentence, and then judge whether its punctuation is correct. In particular, sentences that use exclamation marks and question marks should be carefully distinguished. For example:
"After the news that the overpass will be built in the west of the city came out, many people were very concerned about how to build this overpass. What will happen to nearly a thousand trees there?
Analysis: Although there are two interrogative words "how" in the sentence, they are both objects of the predicate "care". The whole sentence expresses not the interrogative tone, but the declarative tone. The first question mark should be changed to a comma, and the second question mark should be changed to a period.
3. Analyze the structure and accurately grasp the structure of multiple-choice questions, inverted sentences, multi-attribute and multi-center sentences. Punctuation marks are not allowed to affect the integrity of sentence structure, cause language confusion, or affect the expression of sentence meaning because of unclear levels. For example, the internal structure of a single sentence cannot use a period question mark and other periods at the end of the sentence, and the same complex sentence structure, that is, a pause between clauses of a complex sentence, cannot be used. For example:
"Is the basic knowledge solid or not? It has an important impact on future study. "
Analysis: this is a simple sentence, but the middle man used the last paragraph of the sentence artificially, which made the structure of the first and second sentences incomplete. The question mark should be changed to a comma.
4. Understand the meaning of the text. Correct use of punctuation marks on the basis of understanding the meaning of the text. Punctuation is used to better express the meaning of words. Therefore, when judging whether punctuation marks are appropriate, we should consider whether they are harmful to the expression of literary meaning, and pay attention to analyzing the restrictions of literary meaning on the use of punctuation marks. For example:
"In the stock exchange, it is brokers who wear red vests, and managers and service personnel who wear yellow vests; This is unified all over the world. "
Analysis: the sentence after the semicolon is not juxtaposed with the previous paragraph, but a summary of the previous paragraph. The semicolon should be changed to a colon.
5. Pay attention to application. The so-called "application" means that when punctuation is used, there are many points and labels used together, and the positional relationship between them should be analyzed when using. The most common ones are quotation marks and periods at the end of sentences, and brackets and periods. There are some special requirements for their positional relationship, which should be paid attention to. For example:
Because young, I don't know how to cherish time. Now I understand that "an inch of time and an inch of gold can't buy an inch of time." The true meaning of this sentence.
Analysis: the quotation is only part of the author's own text, and no other punctuation marks are used at the end. You should delete the period before the back quotation marks.
(2) If it must be as real as the real thing, then the figure is only two or three inches, so it is not real. Without paper the same size as the earth, the earth would not draw (Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume VI, page 23).
Analysis: The notes in brackets explain the whole previous sentence, and brackets should be placed after the period.
The key to punctuation review is to master usage and make clear mistakes. In addition, it is very practical. As long as the students combine specific materials and train carefully, I believe everyone will easily pass the punctuation mark.
VII. Optimize training
1. In the following sentences, the correct punctuation is ().
I was supposed to meet at two o'clock in the afternoon, but I waited two or three hours before he came.
B, American families throw out 200 million tons of garbage every year, and Americans "produce" almost twice as much garbage as Germany and Japan.
C. The teacher came into the classroom and asked, "Have you finished your homework? Students. "
D. The superior leaders put forward three requirements for us: First, learn from Theory of Three Represents and improve our consciousness; Second, persist in reform and innovation and take the road of sustainable development; The third is to care about the thoughts and lives of employees and ensure internal stability and unity.
2. In the following sentences, the correct use of punctuation marks is ()
A, at the same time, we should also pay attention to exquisiteness in the words and pictures of product packaging, trademarks and instructions.
B, the old Balkan agreed with this reporter that although the agreement was signed and the peacekeeping forces began to "maintain peace", the Kosovo crisis has not been eliminated.
C. The Economic Contract Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates: "An economic contract is an agreement between legal persons to clarify their mutual obligations in order to achieve certain economic goals."
D Jiang Yang's Remembering Qian Zhongshu and Fortress Besieged tells us in detail how Fortress Besieged was created.
3. The correct punctuation in the following sentence is ()
A. The Divine Comedy is profound and all-encompassing, with knowledge, myth, religion and literary allusions everywhere.
B. Time and again research shows that having money is not the standard of happiness, and it has never been.
C. In order to facilitate people to take the "Eleventh" bus, six tour routes will be opened within days, namely, Hongmiao to the zoo, Qianmen, Dongdaqiao, Fengtai, Beitaizhuang to the Summer Palace, Xiangshan to the Sleeping Buddha Temple.
D, the bridge brick is dark brown, indicating a long history; But they are all perfect, which makes people lament the exquisiteness of ancient projects.
4, the use of punctuation in the following sentences, the correct sentence is ()
A, everyone has three personalities: what he reveals; What he has is not revealed; What he thinks he should have.
Father, mother and brother are watching football in the next room. I am often interrupted by their loud voices, "Good shot!" It startled me.
He went to the bookstore and bought back his favorite novels: Midnight, Fortress Besieged and Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Brontexq. He was in a very happy mood.
D. The monitor said, "There are ‘F4', She and Jay Chou in my class!"
5, in the following sentences, the correct use of punctuation is ()
A, persistence is meaningless and nonsense; Saying what you mean is nonsense without thinking clearly; That's all wrong.
B, every time these schools interview, reporters can't help but silently say in their hearts: hard work! Principals and teachers at the forefront of running schools by social forces.
C. Gold used to refer to all metals, such as "gold is sharp and profitable" ("Xunzi's admonition"), but now it refers to gold.
D. I took the Shanghai-Chongqing Express and went back to my study (self-named "Kule Zhai"). It's already midnight.
6. In the following sentences, the correct punctuation is ().
A. On the question of Chinese teaching, Mr. Ye Shengtao has an incisive saying, that is, "Teaching is for not teaching."
B, "The market situation has changed a lot ―― please pass me the towel ―― and have a meeting to revise the plan immediately." The general manager panted to me.
C, my balcony is planted with Spring Festival, Pomegranate, Peach, Chinese Rose, etc. Flowers bloom constantly.
D, for relatives, whether you influence him or he influences you, a leading cadre must first answer and solve this problem.
7. The correct punctuation in the following sentence is ()
First, the taboo has a long history. "Its popularity began in the Zhou Dynasty, became in the Qin Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty, with a history of two thousand years" (Preface to History).
Did you attend the computer training class? Or do you want to take a theoretical physics class?
C. Teacher Chen said to the students, "We should keep making progress in our studies, or we will fall back. The old saying doesn't say that' learning is like sailing against the current, and if you don't advance, you will retreat'. "
D, "You-"the teacher said kindly, "You are the hope of the motherland in the future."
8. In the following sentences, the correct punctuation is ().
A, Li Ming was admitted to Tsinghua University and studied in the Department of Architecture; Wang Fang went to Shanghai University of Finance and Economics to study accounting. I became a restaurant waiter: we can all create our own bright future.
B. where exactly is Andersen's writing place? Where is his father's leather shoes workshop? It's impossible to figure it out.
C, please take "win-win wisdom" as the topic, make your own ideas, choose your own style, do your own topic, and write an article of not less than 800 words.
D land and sea resources such as mineral deposits, water flows, wasteland and state-owned forests are all owned by the whole people.
9. In the following sentences, the correct punctuation is ().
One, in a word, is the word "respect knowledge and talent". The key to success or failure lies in whether talents can be found and used.
B, Shanhaiguan, known as the "first pass" in the world!
C. Liu Xie put it well: "Every sentence can be cut, which is obvious; The word cannot be reduced, but it is known. " Regardless of complexity or simplicity, if we take the standard of "no deletion" and "no deletion", we need to refine it.
D This article is selected from Gu Hua's novel furong town (People's Literature Publishing House, 1983).
10, fill in the punctuation marks in the underlined parts of the following paragraphs in turn, and the appropriate groups.
"Painting people and ghosts is superior, and stabbing greed and stabbing abuse is three points." This is a couplet inscribed by Guo Moruo for Pu Songling Memorial Hall Liaozhai Hall. "Painting people and ghosts" refers to the theme of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. "Excellence" is to evaluate Pu Songling's contribution in the history of literature; Three Points to the Bone summarizes his creative achievements. In this class today, we are going to learn his famous article (3) promoting weaving. Let's see if this evaluation is appropriate.
① ② ③ ④
A movie.
B.; " " 。
c，； 《 》 ?
d ., " " ?
1 1. Fill in the appropriate punctuation marks in the following text.
If you look closely, you will see the painstaking efforts of the soldiers: ① They soaked red paint with flashlights to make the eyes of the white rabbit; (2) cut off the bottle mouth, inlaid with porcelain pieces, and make the butterfly wings into spots; ③ There are red sun, rooster and the words "Good morning" in the gargle pool; (4) As the soldiers in the poem said, "Gardens are brocade, flowers are like sitting in an embroidered building"; There is a flower and a leaf here.
Label 1 2 3 4 5
emphasize
12, choose the correct punctuation ()
To sum up, it is necessary to write a process, keep a diary, and have an analysis and summary (a) and not only abstract analysis and summary, but also specific processes and situations (b), otherwise it is not a good summary.
A.A，B，B . A； B: C. A，B； Drug administration.
13. There are four punctuation marks marked with serial numbers in the following paragraph. What is incorrect? Explain how to correct it.
After entering the 1990s, there have been some new trends in the world tourism industry: (a) from the traditional package tour to the characteristic individual tour; (b) In many countries, group tour is gradually being crowded out by individual tourists, even backpackers, who have their own advantages and disadvantages; (c) Middle-aged and elderly people often find a few like-minded people to accompany them instead of traveling with strangers; Young people pay more attention to curiosity, adventurous spirit and seclusion.
A:
.
14. A company newly built a building and sent a fax to a director who was ill abroad: the new building was successfully constructed in March, and it was renovated within 7 months after it was capped in plus or minus June. (Note: "plus or minus zero", an architectural term, refers to the completion of the underground part to be flush with the ground. )
Please punctuate this fax in three ways and explain the meaning respectively.
(1) The construction of the new building went smoothly in March, and the decoration was completed within 7 months after it was capped in June.
Explanation:
(2) The construction of the new building was smooth from March to June, and the decoration was completed within 7 months after the capping.
Explanation:
(3) The construction of the new building progressed smoothly from March to June, and the decoration was completed within July after the capping.
Explanation:
Reference answer:
1, B(A pause cannot be used in the middle of estimation; Should be deleted; The sentence in C quotation marks is inverted, the question mark should be placed at the end of the sentence, and commas should be used between the components of the inverted sentence; D "Theory of Three Represents" is a special word and should be quoted)
2. The first two pause symbols in c (a) should be changed to commas; The b colon should be changed to a comma, because it is followed by "namely"; D The first Fortress Besieged applies "",and the question mark should be replaced with a period)
3.D(A) Replace the pause after "understanding" with a comma; Change the first comma into a colon; Item C changes the pause after Fengtai and Summer Palace to comma)
4. The three clauses of item B (a) are in a coordinate relationship, but there is no small language pause between the sentences. Therefore, the semicolon should be changed to comma; C "Written by Charlotte Brontexq" is only an explanation of "Jane Eyre", therefore, dashes should be brackets; D every sentence is a coordinate clause, and the pause should be changed to a comma)
5, C(A) the second semicolon should be changed to a colon, indicating the relationship between points and total; B The colon is followed by an inverted sentence, with a comma after "hard work" and an exclamation point at the end of the sentence; D the title of the book should be changed to quotation marks)
6, b (a period should be placed outside quotation marks; Ellipsis and "and so on" cannot be used together, so delete one of them; D the comma after "affect you" should be changed to a question mark)
7.A(B) The first question mark should be changed to a comma; C "ma "should be removed from single quotation marks; D "The teacher said kindly" is between quotation marks, followed by a comma)
8.A(B) Both question marks should be changed to commas; C the title of the book should be changed to quotation marks; D the first three commas should be changed to pause)
9.D(A) This sentence does not mean doubt, and the question mark should be changed to a full stop; B "the first pass in the world" should be fully cited; C complete quotation, which should be enclosed in quotation marks)
10, answer: a.
1 1、①:②; ③; ④ 1) Tethys is followed by a colon. ② ③ There is a coordinate relationship before and after, which should be a semicolon. (4) a sentence just finished, it should be a full stop. (5) Use a comma to indicate the end of a clause)
12, B (A and b are coordinate relations, use semicolons. The last sentence is the above summary, with a colon)
13, c (This penalty number should be changed to a full stop. Here, four clauses are juxtaposed in pairs, and the last two sentences are explanations of the previous second sentence)
14, (1) The construction of the new building went smoothly to plus or minus zero in March, and was renovated in July after being capped in June. Note: The construction of the new building successfully reached "plus or minus zero" in March, and the interior decoration was carried out in July after the capping in June-it has been completed now. (2) The new building was constructed in March, and it went smoothly to plus or minus zero. It will be capped in June and then renovated in July. Note: the new building has been under construction for three months, and it has successfully reached "plus or minus zero". It will be capped in six months, and it will take thirteen months to complete the renovation in the next seven months. (3) New building construction: March went smoothly, to plus or minus zero; It was capped in June and renovated in July. Note: the construction estimate of the new building: if it goes well in March, it will reach "plus or minus zero"; If it can be capped in June, interior decoration can be carried out in seven months.