Paganini Niccolo (1782- 1840) is a famous violinist, composer and one of the most outstanding performers in the history of music. He was born in a poor family in Genoa, Italy. He studied mandolin at the age of five and changed to violin two years later. At the age of nine, she made her debut playing her own works, and also played guitar and viola. He began to perform in public at the age of thirteen. He studied under Nura. 1733 The violin art edited by Locatelli has a profound influence on Paganini's later creation. From 65438 to 0828, he began to travel and perform in Vienna, Germany, Paris and England. 1834 Stop the game for health reasons. His superb violin playing skills have made many musicians, composers and music critics crazy. His 24 capriccios are a collection of his playing skills. His works include six violin concertos, chamber music and other violin music.
Bach Johann Sebastian 1685- 1750) German. 1685 was born in Eisenach and studied violin with his father since childhood. After his parents died at the age of ten, he lived with his brother and began to learn keyboard instruments and organ. 1700 worked as a singer in the choir of St. Michel church in Luneburg, and studied under Bomna. 1703- 1708 worked as a church organist in Arnstad and Liao erhaoxun. /kloc-worked as a court organist in Weimar in 0/708, and was promoted to a musician in 0/714. From 65438 to 0723, he went to Leipzig, where he worked as an organist and court musician in St Thomas' church. 1749 was blind and obviously declined. 1750 died of a stroke in Leipzig on July 28th. His works are extremely rich, except those that do not involve traditional Chinese opera, and there are also works of various genres. He is one of the important representatives of the Baroque period and has a far-reaching influence in the history of western music.
Bach was unknown before his death and published few works. After more than 50 years' death, Mendelssohn highly praised it and began to be valued by later generations.
Chopin (Chopin Frederic Francois1810-1849) is a Polish composer and pianist. His father is French and his mother is Polish. Influenced by Polish folk music in his early years, he began to learn piano and compose Polish dance music at the age of 7. He began to perform at the age of eight, and began to learn harmony counterpoint and start writing at the age of twelve. He entered Warsaw Conservatory of Music in 1826 and left school in 1829 to become a famous pianist and composer. 1830 went to Austria, Czech Republic, Germany and other countries to perform. After the failure of the Polish uprising, he settled in Paris and devoted himself to creation. He has contacts with outstanding musicians such as Liszt and Berlioz, and often plays in aristocratic salons. Chopin's music creation is rooted in Polish folk music, full of patriotic feelings, and good at writing unrestrained melody and flexible harmony. His works are mainly untitled piano music, and he often expresses his poetic music thoughts in old genres such as waltzes, serenades, Bologne and Mazzuca.
Felix Mendes Thorne (1809- 1847) is one of the most representative composers of German romantic music school. 1809 was born in Hamburg. His father is a big banker, and his mother is a good wife and mother with extensive cultivation and musical talent.
He published many works when he was ten years old. 17 years old completed the overture of A Midsummer Night's Dream, and began to study and sort out Bach's works at 2/kloc-0 years old. He conducted Bach's Passion of St. Matthew at 1829, which was a famous concert for the first time after Bach's death. Therefore, this century-old masterpiece of drama can finally regain the attention of the world, and at the same time, it has inspired the upsurge of rediscovering Bach's music at the beginning of 19 century, making the most important contribution to the works of this father of music. In the same year, as a piano player and conductor, he toured all over Europe with audiences all over the world. Stay in Italy 183 1- 1832, with the Berlin singers' association 1833 conducting. In the same year, he held the Lowland Rhine Music Festival in Dü sseldorf, and served as the conductor of churches, opera houses and choirs in the city for three years. From 1835 to 1847, Mendelssohn was the chief conductor of Gewandhausorchester Leipzig, the "music conductor" of Prussian court, the conductor of "Gewandt Hausen Concert Hall" in Leipzig, and the doctor of philosophy of Leipzig University. During the period of 1843, Schumann and others established the Leipzig Conservatory of Music, the first conservatory in Germany, and served as the dean. Due to overwork, he died of cerebral hemorrhage in Leipzig on 1847 at the age of 38.
Mendelssohn, known as a prodigy, has created a large number of music works with various themes in his short and busy playing career. The composition style is gentle and comfortable, beautiful and quiet, complete and rigorous, with few contradictions and conflicts, full of poetic, melodious, romantic and aesthetic atmosphere. In addition, he also created the piano music genre of "Songs without Words", with eight volumes and forty-eight songs, which is vivid and is the representative of the earliest title music. It had a great influence on German music in19th century.
Schumann1810-1856 is a famous German musician. 18 10 was born in Zwickau, a high-cultural family, and began to show his talents in music, poetry and drama at an early age. Due to the influence of family environment, Schumann loved literature as much as music when he was a child, so he cultivated rich feelings and extraordinary imagination. He began to learn music at the age of six, and he was able to write opera and compose music at the age of nine. He studied music tirelessly and spent most of his life studying and studying music.
His inspiration came from 1830 Paganini's concert in Frankfurt. After graduation, I switched to music and officially started my career in music. Schumann wanted to be an excellent pianist, but he was in a hurry and his finger was injured because of the wrong training method. Later, he switched to composing music and writing music reviews. 1840, he met Clara, the daughter of a famous pianist and teacher, and got married. Their combination can be called one of the most touching love stories in19th century music. Subsequently, Schumann's creation also entered its heyday, such as Butterfly, Woman's Love, Carnival and so on. 1854 was on the verge of schizophrenia due to severe mental failure, attempted suicide, and was finally sent to a mental sanatorium to recuperate, thus ending his composing career.
Schumann is one of the representative figures in the mature period of romantic music, with warm and sensitive nature and rich democratic thoughts. Founded in 1834, New Music magazine became the most authoritative music magazine in Germany, which played a positive role in changing the stale music atmosphere at that time and promoting the development of romantic art.
Schudert frantpeter (1797-1828), an Austrian, was born in Vienna in1797 and grew up in a poor family. My father is a primary school principal and his first music teacher. He studied piano and violin with his brother and father since childhood, and later became a tenor in a church choir and began to study formally. At the age of eleven, 1808 was admitted to the Imperial and Royal School of Vienna, and later joined the Vienna Court Chapel Choir, and completed the first symphony. 18 12 studied under the famous Italian composer salieri. 18141kloc-0/9 Schubert first composed for Goethe's poem Gretchen by the Spinning Wheel. It is said that this song contributed to the birth of German art songs. Although this statement is not accurate, it has some truth. 18 18 was invited to Hungary to be his daughter's music teacher at the Duke of Estehassa's residence (Haydn was the court music director with him until 1790 when the orchestra was dissolved) and earned a fixed income at a low price. 182 1 When his Devil was published, he had composed nearly 700 pieces of music. 1823, Schubert began to get sick. During his stay in hospital, he wrote some songs in the vocal suite "Beautiful Mill Girl". Schubert died suddenly on 1828 at the age of 3 1 year.
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732- 1809) is a famous Austrian composer. 1732 was born in Lolo, and his family was poor. His father was a mechanic, a church handyman, an organist and a tenor. Haydn studied music under very difficult conditions since he was a child. Later, he entered the choir of St. Stephen's Church in Vienna and studied music and composition diligently. At the age of sixteen, he was dismissed by the choir because of his declining voice, and he had nowhere to live. He borrowed a friend and a humble disciple for a living. Later, he became the assistant of Bobora, a music teacher. From 65438 to 0759, he was Earl Mohin's music foreman. 176 1 year, he served under the Hungarian prince esteban for a long time and created a lot of works in a difficult environment. I met Mozart in 178 1 and our friendship is very deep. He visited London twice and wrote the famous London Symphony (the best work of his life). 1798 and 180 1 year were written as Genesis and Four Seasons respectively. After that, his health began to deteriorate. 1809 died in Vienna on May 3rd.
Haydn's creation covers a wide range, among which symphony and string quartet are the most prominent. His music is rich in melody and often reveals a simple and cheerful folk flavor. He often used the "theme flexibility principle" in the development of music, which directly inspired Beethoven's "motivation development". Haydn is one of the representatives of Vienna Classical Music School.
Hector Berlioz 1803- 1869 is an outstanding French composer. 1803 was born in a doctor's family in a small town in southern France. He likes music since he was a child, but his family wants him to be a doctor. Soon after studying medicine, he finally chose the music road at the cost of breaking with his family.
Berlioz entered the Paris Conservatory of Music on 1826. When he was young, he was a romantic writer full of petty-bourgeois revolutionary spirit, and once wrote "Chorus of the Greek Revolution". During the July Revolution in France, she also took to the streets of Paris to sing La Marseillaise. Later, it was adapted into a large orchestra and duet. Goethe, Beethoven and Shakespeare inspired his imagination, and his oratorio The Death of Chadenat Pu, written in 1830, won the Rome Prize in one fell swoop. In the same year, the autobiographical symphony Fantasia premiered, making him the most revolutionary composer in the contemporary era.
Berlioz is an important representative of French romantic music school. In addition to the expansion of brass instruments, he opened up a new space for orchestral performance, and also enriched the symphony performance with novel and clear orchestration effects and dramatic treatment. He also created the composition of title music with his original "fixed musical thinking" method, which was deeply influenced by Liszt's symphonies and Wagner's operas. Nevertheless, Berlioz was not valued in France before his death, but he was highly respected abroad, especially in Germany. Berlioz's name is on a par with Hugo, a French romantic literature master, and Delacroix, a romantic painter, and can be called the outstanding three romanticists in France. Berlioz died in Paris on 1869.
Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus1756-1791,an Austrian composer, is the most representative composer of Vienna Classical Music School, and is also known as the three major composers of Vienna Classical Music School together with Haydn and Beethoven.
Mozart1756 65438+/kloc-0 was born in Salzburg on October 27th. His father Leopold was a court musician. He can play the piano at the age of 3 and compose music at the age of 5. He is a very precocious musical genius, and he showed great musical talent at an early age. He studied music under the guidance of his father, and his improvisation and composition were excellent. He wrote a minuet when he was five years old. During 1762- 1763, he and his sister performed in Munich, Vienna, Frankfurt, Brussels, Paris and London, and published their first works. 1764 went to London to study composition with Abel and J.C. Bach. 1968, he performed the first opera Bastin and Bastina in Vienna. Mozart's long-term performance, travel and creation have won praises from all over the world. During his journey, Mozart met many influential figures and important musicians. Make his creation more extensive and perfect. In the last and poorest nine years of his life, he created an amazing number of masterpieces. Such as: Opera Don Juan, Figaro's Wedding, Magic Flute, etc.
Bizet George 1838- 1875 is a French composer. Born in Paris. At the age of ten, he entered the Paris Conservatory of Music and studied composition with Allevi and others. /kloc-After winning the Rome Prize at the age of 0/9, he studied in Rome for three years and decided to write an opera. 1863 published the opera Pearl Pickers, 1872 composed music for the drama Girl in Alai City. The performance was unsuccessful, but the music was handed down to future generations in the form of a symphony. When the last opera Carmen was being performed in Paris, he died of depression.
Bicai's creation has a distinctive national color, vividly describes the symphonic development of life conflicts, expresses the French love for opera, and creates the highest achievement of French opera in the19th century. He is one of the representatives of the romantic music school.
Ohannes brahms 1833- 1897 is a German composer and pianist. 1833 was born in the family of a professional musician in Hamburg on May 7th. In his early years, he studied piano with Gasell and Banjarmasin. He made many friends in his life, especially appreciated and supported by Schumann and Achim. He is a composer who pays equal attention to creation and performance. The works have both classical techniques and romantic spirit, and rarely use titles. His symphony works not only imitate Beethoven's momentum, but also have delicate brushwork and changeable emotions. He attached great importance to Austrian folk songs and created more than 90 arrangements. Various forms of ensemble works have improved the status of chamber music. In addition, there are more than 200 songs, some piano sketches, theme variations and concertos.
Brahms lived in Vienna from 65438 to 0862 and devoted himself to creating many masterpieces. Brahms, the last classical composer, died in Vienna from 65438 to 0897.
Brahms's works mainly show the serious and simple temperament of the Germanic nation and the sweet charm of Vienna.
Debussy (1862- 19 18) is an outstanding French composer. 1862 was born in Saint-Germain-Engler. He studied piano since childhood and entered the Paris Conservatory of Music at the age of ten. In his creative career of more than 30 years, he formed a musical style called "Impressionism", in which he often used diatonic scale, oriental pentatonic scale and parallel pentatonic scale. Free use of dissonant chords; Do not do general theme development; The timbre of a single instrument is highlighted on the orchestration. These techniques, which were once opposed by many people, were later recognized as a major music school after romanticism. Afternoon of the Faun is the author's first representative impressionist work. 19 18 Debussy died of cancer in Paris.
Debussy's works have a far-reaching influence on the music of European and American countries.
Camille Saint-Sang (1835- 192 1) is a French composer. He began to compose music at the age of five, became a pianist at the age of eleven, studied organ and composition at the Paris Conservatory of Music at the age of thirteen, and worked as an organist in the church, including teaching piano at Niedermeier Conservatory of Music for four years.
1877 He resigned from the church to concentrate on composing music. He is one of the founders of the French National Music Association, actively engaged in music activities and performed in various countries as a pianist and conductor. His creative skills are skillful, and the number of his works exceeds 170, covering almost all music fields. The works have smooth melody, elegant harmony, neat structure, gorgeous orchestration, rich colors and easy to understand. However, some works are too eager for the superficial color effect and the quality is uneven. His representative works include orchestra suite Animal Carnival, symphonic poem Dance of the Skull, cello concerto No.1, prelude and Rondo for violin and orchestra, etc.
Handel Georg Friedrich (1685- 1759) was a German composer in the Baroque period. My father is a barber and a surgeon, and a court attendant. Handel began to learn oboe, clavichord, organ and counterpoint at the age of 7. At the age of twelve, he became an assistant organist and wrote an oboe sonata. /kloc-in 0/702, he entered Harley University to study law, and went to Hamburg one year later to work as a violinist in Renkai Opera House and at the same time engage in opera creation. 1706 went to Italy to get in touch with Neapolitan opera and Caullery and scarlatti's instrumental music creation. 17 10 returned to China as the music director of Hanover Palace. 17 12 to perform opera in England. He got the position of a British court composer and then settled in Britain to lead the opera house. 1727 British nationality. 174 1 turned to oratorio writing, and created the famous Messiah, Israelis in Egypt, Saul, etc. These works were popular because they were in line with the British nationalist patriotic thought at that time.
Handel suffered from eye diseases in his later years because of his hard work and hard work. 1753, he became blind. 1April 6, 759 organ performance. But eight days later, he died. He composed 46 operas, 32 oratorios, 100 oratorios and a large number of acoustic and instrumental works in his life.
Offenbach (18 19- 1880) is a French composer and one of the founders of classical operetta. He comes from Germany, and his father is a musician in the Cologne synagogue. I moved to Paris with my family when I was young. From 65438 to 0883, he entered the Paris Conservatory of Music and worked as a cellist at the Paris Opera House. From 65438 to 0849, he was the director of the French theatre. 1853 began to write operetta. 1855- 186 1 year, manager of Paris Comic Theatre. 1873- 1875 operates the Happy Theater. He wrote 96 operas in his life. His operetta is interesting in plot, and he boldly adopted various songs, dance music, serenades and marches at that time. This kind of music is easy to understand and has been passed down to this day.
Franz Liszt1811-kloc-0/886 is a Hungarian composer, pianist and conductor. Born in Reading, Hungary. He advocated the title music in music and created the genre of symphonic poetry. His works include Tasso, Hungary, Prelude, Matpa and Prometheus. Influenced by Paganini, he composed 19 hungarian rhapsody and 12 advanced etudes, which created an orchestral effect on the piano and greatly expanded the expressive force of piano music. 1875 founded Budapest Conservatory of Music, and personally served as the dean.
Massenet (Massenet 1842- 19 12) is a French composer. 1842 May 12 was born in Loire province, a family running the steel industry. Like all great musicians, you must show your music at an early age. At the age of 9, he was sent to the Paris Conservatory of Music. Among the teachers are the famous composer Thomas and others; During his school days, he won many awards. 1863 When he graduated, he won the Rome Prize for his chorus. Since 1873, Masnai's dramatic music works, such as Don Caesar of Bazin and Elinini, the divine dramas Mary Magdalene and Eve, have been recognized by the public. In 1970s and 1980s, his creation reached the most brilliant and fruitful period. He wrote dozens of operas, including Mistress Manon (1884) and Witt (1886).
In the last twenty-five years of his life, not only did he not broaden his artistic vision, but his dramatic effect and expression remained unchanged. Therefore, although most of his operas were sensational, most of them were forgotten afterwards. Even so, his later operas Thai Man (1894), Sha Bu (1897) and Don Quixote (19 10) still have great influence.
Sibelius (,Jean 1868- 1957) is Finnish, and his father is a military doctor. I began to learn piano at the age of nine. At the age of fourteen, he studied violin and taught himself to compose music. After that, I joined an amateur chamber band. 65438-0885 entered the Law Department of Helsinki University and soon transferred to the Conservatory of Music. The string quartet performed by 1889 is quite popular. Later, I went to Berlin and Vienna for further study at public expense.
1892 returned to China to devote himself to creation, often taking Finnish folk literature and art as the theme. 1893 teaches at Helsinki Conservatory of Music. The performance of "Ode to Finland" at 1900 greatly aroused the patriotic thoughts of Finns. 1904 settled in Jarvenpaa near Helsinki. 19 14 visited the United States and received a doctorate in music from Yale university. After returning to China, he lived in seclusion, but still engaged in creation. 1929 Stop writing. He was the last representative of national romantic music in the19th century, which opened up a new era for Finnish music.
His works include drama scores, symphonies, symphonic poems, chorus and songs.
Faure 1845- 1924 is French, and his father is an education administrator. He was sent to Paris to study music when he was a child. 186 1 year Shengsang teacher. 1866, he was an organist in St. Sanford's church.
1870 When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, he joined the Volunteers. From 65438 to 0877, he was an organist at Madelen Church, and from 65438 to 0896, he was a professor of composition at the Paris Conservatory of Music. His achievements in music teaching are remarkable. Ravel, Anescu and others are all outsiders. 1905 replaced du bois (1837- 1924) as the dean of the Paris Conservatory of Music.
1920 resigned due to deafness and poor health. He composed many piano music, songs and chamber music, and is one of the most accomplished composers in France. Requiem is his masterpiece.
Richard Strauss (1864- 1949) is a German composer, conductor and pianist.
1864 was born in Munich, Germany, and his father was a famous horn player. He began to learn piano at the age of 4, composition at the age of 6 and violin at the age of 8. 65438-0875, studied composition theory under Meyer and graduated from Munich University. 1880, he composed the earliest first symphony (unpublished), 1882, and his serenade for wind music attracted the attention of Taro. 1885 took over from Biao Luo as the conductor of Maningen. From 65438 to 0886, he was the conductor of Munich Palace Theatre. 65438-0889 conductor of Weimar Orchestra. 1894 was conducted by Berlin Philharmonic. 1898 Director of Berlin Opera House. 19 19 was the director of the Vienna Opera House. He was the director of the Nazi government's "National Music Bureau" and was tried in the Munich Special Court after World War II. 1949, shortly after celebrating his 85th birthday in various places, Yugamel Pa Tingstam died at the age of 85.
Brahms was deeply influenced in the early stage of his creation, and tended to Liszt and Wagner in the later stage. His symphonic poems and operas have a great influence on modern music. Representative works include Don Juan, Zarathustra, A Hero's Life, etc.
Mahler1860-1911) is an Austrian composer and conductor. Born in 1860, Bohemian Calix began to learn piano at the age of 6 and held his first piano recital in 1870. From 65438 to 0875, he entered the Vienna Conservatory of Music, studied piano, harmony and composition under Epstein, and was a follower of Brooke. After graduating from the Conservatory of Music, he began his career as a conductor. He was the conductor of the Vienna Opera House from 65438 to 0885 and the music director of the Royal Opera House in Budapest from 65438 to 0888. 1897- 1907, director of the Vienna Palace Opera House. From 65438 to 0907, he was the chief conductor of new york Metropolitan Theatre and concurrently the conductor of New York Philharmonic. Someone once commented: "gustav mahler is undoubtedly one of the most important symphony composers of all time."
Mahler was born in poverty and was bullied as a child because of his dual Bohemian and Jewish ancestry. Fortunately, his father discovered his musical talent and sent him on the road of music.
Mahler is a composer full of melancholy and extremely romantic. He is a composer who connects romanticism and modernism. Mahler's music is often intertwined with a romantic and warm lyric poem and an unavoidable sigh for the pain of human existence, which eventually turns into a moan of the soul.
The golden age of Mahler's creation is basically from 1896- 1907 to 10. During this period, he composed the third to eighth symphonies and the vocal divertimento "Song of a Dead Baby". 1911died of heart disease on May 8th at the age of 5 1. After his death, there are still three works to be published: Song of the Earth, Ninth Symphony and Tenth Symphony.
It is reported that Mahler's early death had a lot to do with his wife Alma. 19 10 alma met walter gropius, the founder of the famous Bauhaus school of design, and they fell in love at first sight, which was a great blow to Mahler and directly contributed to the death of this great composer one year later.
Dvorak (184 1- 1904) is a Czech (Bohemian) composer.
Dvorak entered Prague Organ School at the age of 16 (1857). After graduation, he worked as a viola player in the Mestana band of Prague National Theatre. 1873 just published some works, which attracted the attention of the music industry. After leaving the theater, he specialized in creation and apprenticeship. He is a professor of composition at Prague Conservatory of Music. Dvorak dabbled in various forms of music, but he was basically a composer of folk music. 1885 went to the United States as the dean of new york Conservatory of Music. During his three years in America, he composed the Ninth Symphony, Cello Concerto, Twelfth American Quartet and 10 Bible Songs, which represented the highest artistic level.
Verdi (Verdi1813-1901) is an Italian composer. The son of the boss of the bus station, he learns music from the village organist. Later, he was sponsored to enter Milan Conservatory of Music, but he was not admitted. Then he studied composition with lavina. The first opera composed in 1836 was Rochester, which was appreciated by Melelli, the owner of Scala Opera House, and was staged at Scala Theatre in 1839. 1842 caused a sensation in the music industry with his opera Nabut. He is an outstanding Italian opera writer with 29 works handed down from generation to generation. Macbeth, Othello, La Traviata, Aida and other well-known works are all written by him.
Maurice 1875- 1937 is a French composer. My father is a mechanic, originally from Switzerland; Mother is Spanish. Ravel began to learn piano at the age of seven. Learn harmony at the age of twelve. 65438-0889 entered the Paris Conservatory of Music and studied piano and composition under Beriau. 190 1 won the second prize in Rome. In the next four competitions, the first prize failed, which led to the "unfair prize" incident (1905). Duval, chairman of the jury and president of the Paris Conservatory of Music, resigned and was replaced by Foley. After World War I, he lived in seclusion in Paris, specializing in creation. His early works were close to Debussy's impressionism, and then gradually formed his own style. His main works include ballet Daffini and Croix, orchestral Rhapsody, Waltz, Piano Concerto in G Major, piano music The Game of Water, Goose Suite, Mirror and so on.