Knowing people and making good use of them is a remarkable feature of Zeng Guofan's talent view. "Doing things is nothing more than employing people, and employing people must have a prophet" and "take it widely and use it cautiously". Anyone who has a skill should recruit widely and use it carefully, so as to make the best use of people, make the best use of things, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and foster strengths and avoid weaknesses.
A basic content of careful use of talents is to measure talents and make the best use of them. To truly measure and use materials, the first thing is how to know people. He pointed out: "stealing the opinions of the ancients, God is changing, and things are not square. It's only a hundred years old, and it's hard to accommodate. I'm afraid it's also a cult word in history books. It was not scheduled for the same day at first. It is undoubtedly a one-sided recognition of talents to praise people with certain abilities or achievements as "a hundred schools of thought are combined, and one family is too short to accommodate" or even deify them. Therefore, we should measure talents in an eclectic way and judge whether things are demanding or not. We should not discard them because of rotten wood, and we will lose the opportunity to catch big fish if we don't cast our nets frequently. It is important to be good at understanding. Gold is not enough, no one is perfect, and you should not be demanding of all materials. " You shouldn't give up your useful talents because of small shortcomings. He wrote to his younger brother and said, "Good people are hard to come by. My younger brother should pay attention to the interview. Brothers will never despise people who have a skill. "It is a waste to have materials that are not used; Being overqualified is not conducive to career; If you are overqualified, it will damage your career. Zeng Guofan said: "although there is good medicine, it is not appropriate to catch inferior products when you are ill;" "Although there are talents, they are not suitable for use and can't catch the flow. Liang He was in a hurry to enter the city instead of suffocating the cave, and the cow couldn't catch the mouse; You can't stay; Daughter's sword, used to analyze wages, is not as good as an axe; Three generations of ding, used for ploughing, are not as good as coffins. ...... The deceased does not suffer from talents, and those who suffer from talents cannot use them. " Zeng Guofan used the metaphor that good medicine is not suitable for illness, Liang Lizhi's material is used for boring holes, catching rats with cattle and guarding the door with good horses, criticizing improper employment, and pointing out that talents must "use tools to apply" and give full play to their specialties. It has its advantages, that is, the art of leading and employing people. Cai E spoke highly of this. He said: "Zeng (Frant Gwo) said that talents are cultivated, and Hu (Lin translation) also said that talents come from the importance of employing people. It can be seen that employers don't have to stick to a rule, but to cultivate and tailor their skills, especially when using them carefully, so that everyone can show their strengths and get rid of their shortcomings. " It is said that Zeng Guofan first gave a little salary to the people who went to the military camp to reassure them, and then personally received them and observed them one by one: courageous and bloody, let them lead the troops to fight, timid and cautious, handle the copywriting well in literature, be loyal in interviews, and organize books knowledgeable. After a long period of behind-the-scenes observation and use, when I feel that I have a deeper understanding and have a grasp, I will protect my official position and entrust it with a heavy responsibility according to the specific situation. He attaches great importance to the work arrangement of employees, so that talents can apply what they have learned. Those who are good at running the army are placed in the battalion to experience military affairs and prepare for the future; Good at comprehensive audit, put it in the counter of grain depot, transportation bureau, cost raising bureau and other institutions to learn cost raising, financial management, transportation and other work; Those who are good at making devices will be assigned to the manufacturing bureau to do the work of building ships and guns. Make sure that everyone can give full play to their talents.
Zeng Guofan's reuse of Hong Rong is a good example of knowing people and making good use of them.
Zeng Guofan once reused and appointed Hong Rong to purchase machines in Europe and America. The native of Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province, received western education from an early age, studied at Yale University in the United States in his early years, and later became an American citizen. Li, Hua, Xu Shou and others all recommended Zeng Guofan. Although Yung Yung has been to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and Tianjing, he also wrote a letter to Hong Rengan, the dry king, and put forward seven suggestions for developing capitalism. Later, Zeng Guofan did not blame him for doing tea business with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom many times. Zeng Guofan sent an invitation three times in a row. Thirty-five-year-old Hong Rong boarded the door of the Governor's Office for the first time and was received by Zeng Guofan the next day. After understanding Hong Rong's experience and knowledge, Zeng Guofan thought that he was indeed a talented person who knew the West and had courage. When asked where to start with what is most beneficial and reused for China at present, Yung replied that there is no better way than to build a machine factory like foreigners, especially to set up a factory to manufacture machine tools first. Zeng Guofan appreciated it very much and immediately allocated huge sums of money to send him to Europe and America to buy machines. Hong Rong had dreamed for many years that China would prosper in a foreign country. When he was appointed, he was very excited. A year later, the machine he bought from the United States was installed in Jiangnan Machinery Manufacturing Bureau, the largest military enterprise in China at that time, which played a certain role in promoting the development of capitalism in China.
Knowing people is an important part of scientific management talents. Knowing people and being good at their duties is a necessary link for people to make the best use of their talents, and it is also an effective measure to motivate talents to make progress.
"Historical Records of Chen Prime Minister's Family" records: Born in (now Henan County). Born in a poor family, he loved reading. At first, he was blamed by Wei, then by Yu, and then by Han. He was recommended by Wei Ignorance to see Liu Bang. Liu Bang talked with him and was glad to see that he was smart. He asked, "What is the official office of the son in Chu?" Chen Ping replied: "For Dewey." On the same day, Liu Bang appointed Chen Ping as a teacher, making him a soldier and guarding the army. The generals were all amazed when they learned that, saying, "Once the king of Chu was killed, he didn't know how to compete with it. Instead, he was in the same boat and became the commander's guardian." Hearing this, Liu Bang was better to Chen Ping.
After a period of time, Zhou Bo, Guan Ying and other generals also had opinions. They thought that Liu Bang had improper trust and slandered them one after another, saying: "Although Ping is a beautiful husband, like Guan Yu, there may not be one. Chen Wenping lived at home and stole his sister-in-law. Wei couldn't allow it and died in Chu. If you miss Chu, you will die in Han. Today, His Majesty ordered the protection of the army. Wen Ping, the minister, took the gold from the general. If there was more gold, he got good points, and if there was less gold, he got bad points. Ping, I will repeatedly confuse the ministers and hope that the king will judge it. Liu Bang was very suspicious when he heard this, so he called Wei ignorant and said that he recommended such a person. Ignorance said, "I can do what I say;" Anything your majesty asks. Today, it is useless to come to the end of life again and to show filial piety again. How does your majesty spend it? Chu and Han refused, so I entered Homo sapiens and took care of them sincerely enough to benefit the country. And stealing money. What's there to doubt? Liu bang asked him to blame him again and said, "Wang missed Wei, so he left in a hurry, and now he has left me." Do you believe it? " Ping replied, "I care about Wang Wei. If Wang Wei can't tell me, I will go to Wang. Wang Xiang can't trust people. He loves not all things, but his wife's brother. Although a strange man can't use it, he will go to Chu. It is said that Hanwang belongs to the king because it can employ people. I have come naked, unaffected by gold. If I draw something acceptable, I hope the king can use it, so that those useless people can have gold clothes. Please seal the official invitation. " Seeing that what he said was reasonable, Liu Bang apologized to him, gave him a generous reward, and was promoted to lieutenant to supervise all officers and men. From then on, the generals dared not slander Chen Ping any more.
Liu Bang's strength is that he is good at knowing and employing people and boldly promoting people at the grassroots level. At the beginning of Chen Ping's return to Han Dynasty, he talked with him and knew that he was very clever, so he admired him very much. He was appointed as a teacher, joined the army and kept the army. Although this is not a big official, it is an important official position. Joining the army is a confidant bodyguard, riding with Liu Bang. People who are not bosom friends cannot hold this position. The standard guard army is a military law supervisor and participates in the management of personnel work. I came to spy on General Chen, which shows his trust. Although people think that Liu Bang trusted a fugitive to leave Chu in such a big way, it can't shake Liu Bang's trust in Chen Ping, but he is more kind to Chen Ping.
Liu Bang's extensive use of Chen Ping shows that he is really good at knowing people and employing people. Chen Ping is really a wizard. Later, Liu Bang was able to defeat Xiang Yu and was in a critical situation. He was able to change branches, and Liu's regime was not seized by Lu. Chen Ping's unexpected plan played an important and even decisive role.
"I don't know people's shortcomings, I don't know people's strengths, I don't know people's shortcomings, I don't know people's shortcomings. You can't choose people or teach them. Employing people, taking their strengths and avoiding their weaknesses; Those who teach others, the strengths of adults, the shortcomings of others. Only by making the best of your friends' shortcomings can you get rid of others' shortcomings, rather than relying on your own advantages to gain others' advantages. "
Here, Wei Yuan dialectically discusses the relationship between the length and the length of employing people, and takes knowing the length of people as the decisive factor. In particular, he emphasized that "you can only learn from others without relying on your own strengths", which is very insightful. He revealed the key reason why we can recognize people and employ people.
In the dispute between Chu and Han, why can he give full play to his strengths, but not Xiang? This is because Liu Bang is dissatisfied with his own strengths, does not think that his strategy is superior to others, and does not think that he has military genius. Because he has self-knowledge, he can listen to Sean and Chen Ping with an open mind, and let Han Xin, Ying Bu, Peng Yue and other valiant soldiers fight independently, that is to say, he can use the strengths of military commanders as counselors. Fight for him; Xiang Yu, on the other hand, relied on his own understanding of the art of war, so powerful that he could pull out the mountains and lift the tripod. He thinks he is superior to the military commanders of the counselors, so he can't give full play to their strengths, neither listen to the counsel of strategist Fan Zeng, nor disdain the advice of Han Xin and Chen Ping. There are brave people who turn a blind eye and people who don't trust them. Fan Zeng was very angry. He resigned. Han Xin and Chen Ping, wizards and valiant soldiers in the world, left Chu for Korea. The result is that Liu Bang can make use of others' strengths to strengthen his own strengths, but Xiang can't make use of others' strengths to create his own shortcomings. Whoever wins or loses will decide the overall situation.
Emperor Taizong can use other people's strengths, but Yang Di can't. The reason is the same. Emperor Taizong was a wise all-round master, but he was not satisfied with his own strengths and did not think he knew everything. Therefore, he can listen to instructive opinions with an open mind and make use of his own strengths to make up for his own shortcomings. So there are many talented people around him who can achieve great things. Emperor Yang Di, on the other hand, thought that his talent was superior, and everything he said was right, and no one was allowed to refute it; Everything he does is right, and others are not allowed to violate it. Those who are obedient can be promoted, and those who are disobedient can be beheaded. So they can't take advantage of the strengths of people, they can only take advantage of their weaknesses, that is, they can't use talented loyal ministers, they can only use some courtiers to flatter them. As a result, many people betrayed each other and were finally hanged by the minister he considered to be his "confidant".
Mao Zedong, the founder of China, used the ancient art of employing people for reference, knowing how to make good use of people in revolutionary wars and making good use of people in peacetime.
Mao Zedong attaches great importance to knowing people. First of all, he believes that the great people's revolution will produce thousands of outstanding cadres in Qian Qian, thus attracting talents from all corners of the country. Secondly, he does not require "perfect people" and "all-round people". He is good at grasping people's quality and character strengths, and arranges the work of cadres according to everyone's specialty, so as to make the best use of people. Therefore, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, many useful talents always stand out.
1950 At the beginning of the year, the Central Military Commission established the China People's Liberation Army Military Academy. Liu Bocheng has always advocated that "running the army must first run the school". After hearing the news, he immediately requested to resign as the chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Committee and take up the work of running a school. Mao Zedong is familiar with Liu Bocheng, and Liu Bocheng is known as "the great general in ancient times" and "the ever-victorious general". He first received a systematic military education in Chongqing Army General School, and then studied in Soviet Advanced Infantry School and Fulongzhi Military Academy. In the revolutionary war, the troops he commanded often included military and political schools, camps or rotation training teams. During the Central Soviet Area and the Long March, he successively served as the president of the Central Red Army School, the president of the Red Fourth Army and the president of the Red Army University, and was worthy of being an outstanding military educator. Therefore, Mao Zedong immediately agreed to Liu Bocheng's request and personally replied. Liu Bocheng presided over the work of the college for seven years with great ambition, and made great contributions to training middle and senior military cadres and promoting the modernization and regularization of our military.
In selecting talents, Mao Zedong advocates self-recommendation, opposes selecting talents only with diplomas, opposes seniority, and advocates eclecticism, which is not unrelated to his own self-taught, aggressive and successful experience, but fundamentally, it is the embodiment of his leadership art with strategic vision.