The Swiss banking system is developed, with a complete range of banks and a wide range of businesses. According to the total assets and liabilities and main business, the Swiss National Bank divides the Swiss banking industry into the following categories (Table 1):
1, National Bank
With the exception of Geneva and Vaud, most state banks are responsible for their finances. In terms of organizational form, except for banks in Vaud, Zug, Jura, Valais and Geneva, banks in other states 19 are official institutions with independent legal person status, their own capital comes from states, and part of their profits must be turned over to the state government according to the state banks. State-owned banks are comprehensive banks, and their advantages are savings and real estate mortgage business. At the same time, they provide asset management, securities and foreign exchange management, microfinance, export credit and leasing services for enterprises in their respective States. Some state-owned banks are state-owned and can provide government guarantees.
According to the total assets and liabilities in 2005, the largest Swiss national bank is Zurich National Bank, followed by Vaud National Bank and bern state Bank.
2. Big banks
From the analysis of total assets and liabilities and business volume, big banks are an important part of Swiss banks. At first, there were eight big Swiss banks. After many mergers and reorganizations, especially 1993 and 1997, there were two high-standard integrations (Credit Bank and People's Bank, United Bank and Banking Company). Now there are only two big Swiss banks, UBS and Credit Suisse, with total assets and liabilities accounting for 67.65438. The main business scope of big banks is: asset management, stock management, foreign exchange trading, precious metal trading, letter of credit, guarantee and financial derivative trading, and their branches and service networks are all over the world. After the merger, UBS's total assets and total liabilities ranked fourth in the world. After merging with Fengtai Insurance Company, the second largest insurance company in Switzerland, Credit Suisse Group became one of the largest financial services groups in the world, ranking first in the field of asset management of private and public institutions.
3. Regional banks and savings offices
The business areas of regional banks and savings offices are similar to those of national banks, but the main difference is that the legal form and business scope of the institutions are smaller. At present, the functions of regional banks are gradually developing towards comprehensiveness.
4. Remison Bank
The founder of Frye Essen Bank is Swiss Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen. This kind of bank is mainly distributed in suburbs and villages and adopts the form of cooperative organization. The service content is to provide credit and mortgage services to cooperative members, similar to rural credit cooperatives in China. At present, 722 Swiss member banks (chain banks) have come to Fu Sen with their headquarters in St Gallen.
5. Other banks
Other banks are mainly divided into Swiss-controlled banks and foreign-controlled Swiss banks.
Banks controlled by Switzerland are mainly divided into:
(1) Commercial banks: Most of them are comprehensive banks, and their business focuses on providing commercial loans and mortgage loans to the industrial and commercial circles. The largest is Leu bank;
(2) The largest financial institution specializing in the management of stocks, securities and assets is the United Private Bank;
(three) financial institutions engaged in personal loans, consumer loans and pawn business;
(4) Banks whose other nature is difficult to define.
A foreign-controlled bank refers to a bank established according to Swiss law, in which foreigners directly or indirectly hold more than half of the share capital, or foreigners control the bank in other ways.
6. Financial service companies
Since 1 February, 19951day, there is no longer a banking financial service company in Switzerland. Such companies can choose to apply for a banking license or become financial institutions that are not regulated by the Banking Law.
7. Branches of foreign banks
Refers to non-independent branches established by foreign banks in Switzerland. Together with foreign holding banks, they are collectively referred to as foreign banks. At present, the largest is the Bank of new york, the Republic Bank of the United States.
8. Private banks
This is the oldest bank in Switzerland with various organizational forms. Its creditor's rights include not only the bank capital, but also the owner's private property. Its main business is securities trading, asset management and stock trading. , but less engaged in commercial financial services.
Table1:Swiss banking in 2005
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Second, the advantages of the Swiss banking industry
Swiss local and foreign banks use the latest technology to handle all domestic and international transactions quickly and reliably. The excellent service of Swiss banks has made international financial analysis institutions give AAA rating in recent years. The vitality of Swiss banks has made its domestic banking business more concentrated and intensified its efforts to acquire foreign banks. Swiss banking is an important cornerstone to maintain Switzerland's financial status, and its advantages are mainly reflected in:
First of all, Swiss banks have strict confidentiality mechanisms. According to the Swiss banking law, banks must keep confidential their transaction information with customers and the property status of customers to third parties. Violators should not only bear relevant civil liabilities, but also be severely punished by criminal law, which enables customers from all over the world to safely deposit their property in Swiss banks or entrust them to handle related businesses without worrying about being told by a third party. In addition, the Swiss Federal Anti-Money Laundering Act came into effect in 1998, which stipulated the duties and obligations of banking institutions in anti-money laundering activities and stipulated that all other financial intermediaries had reporting obligations. These measures can effectively prevent and combat money laundering crimes to a certain extent, and better safeguard and enhance the reputation of the Swiss financial market.
Second, Swiss banks have the world's leading asset management business. Switzerland maintains long-term economic and financial stability, which is reflected in its low inflation rate, low interest rate and the important role of the Swiss franc, especially in asset management and underwriting business. Switzerland is a center specializing in managing the assets of private customers and institutional investors. With its 35% global market share, Switzerland is currently a global leader in transnational asset management.
Another advantage of Swiss banking industry is to focus on cultivating high-quality managers. Swiss banks invest a lot of money in industry training every year, creating a large number of high-quality financial managers. In addition, Swiss banks also recruit talents from abroad to make up for the shortage of human resources in the domestic market.
Nowadays, the competition in the financial market is fierce, and the Swiss banking industry is also facing many challenges. Swiss banks, which are good at grasping market opportunities, have always maintained strong competitiveness in the international financial community by virtue of their strong strength, accumulated experience for many years, stable social, political and legal environment, high-quality professional customer service and advanced trading technology.
The Swiss University of Business Finance (UBFS) was founded by top experts in the Swiss financial industry. The purpose of the school is to train outstanding international business leaders so that they can accept the challenges brought by the rapidly changing world.
At UBFS, we provide students with excellent business and financial education, as well as all necessary tools and application software to enable students to achieve career success. We carry out the interdisciplinary nature of the course to ensure the combination of practical application and teaching materials. Students take part in practical case studies and development projects, which can help them to exert their greatest potential in their future careers.
At UBFS, we are proud of the excellent courses we offer and the academic achievements of our students. We will provide you with a wonderful and attractive teaching experience and guide you to your life and career goals.
Advantages of Swiss University of Commerce and Finance
Switzerland's financial industry has a great influence on the world economy. About one third of the global overseas private and corporate assets are managed by Swiss banks. Switzerland is one of the countries with the most global economic awareness in the world and has a long tradition of engaging in international business. Swiss University of Business Finance (UBFS) was founded by JML Group. It is a first-class independent financial consultant and asset management company in Switzerland. JML was created by Mr. Jurg M. lattmann wrote in 1974. Since then, it has been providing financial advice and help to customers in Switzerland and around the world, and has been in a leading position. 1996, JML established the Institute of Financial Planning (IfFP) in close cooperation with a famous private bank in Switzerland, which is the first institute in Switzerland to provide financial planning education. Since then, IfFP has provided professional education for managers of the Swiss financial industry. IfFP and UBFS maintain relationships with more than 65,438,000 Swiss banks, insurance companies and other major international companies. This unique network connection is the foundation of HIfFP and UBFS teaching system.
Our professors and lecturers actively cooperate with these well-known companies to introduce their business practices into the classroom. Swiss University of Business and Finance provides students with personalized attention and a positive learning environment. The teaching method of Swiss University of Commerce and Finance emphasizes the combination of theoretical basis and practical application. Swiss University of Business and Finance is committed to establishing the standards of business and financial education through the combination of interests and marginal subject materials and the multicultural campus atmosphere. Swiss University of Commerce and Finance offers a variety of business management and finance courses. Students majoring in finance in Swiss University of Commerce and Finance will be able to work well in the following institutions: banks, insurance companies, leasing companies, real estate companies and brokerage companies. Students majoring in international management in our school have good prospects in corporate management and individual enterprises in international business.
internship
Thanks to the support and affirmation of major banks and financial and insurance institutions in Switzerland, our school guarantees that students can get paid internships in these famous institutions for 4 to 6 months to realize professional and social training.
employment security
The Swiss government clearly stipulates that students are not allowed to work, but due to the reputation and prestige of our school, the local government has given us great support, and all students with our student ID card and residence permit can work normally.
As long as the students pay $65,438+0,000 to the school before graduation, we will guarantee to provide you with 65,438+08-24 months of work in Britain and the United States, provided that the students are willing.
I suggest you study finance and go to America. After all, the world financial center is in new york, with the famous NYSE and Wall Street. Almost all the top financial elites in the world have been in American universities.