The West Chamber is Wang Shifu's masterpiece. As soon as the play came to power, it stunned four seats and won the love of young men and women. It is known as "The West Chamber is the best in the world". The following are the research and analysis papers I collected for you, for your reference, hoping to help you.

The West Chamber is a typical representative of China's classical drama. The charm of its lyrics and the typicality of its characters reached the highest level of drama creation in Yuan Dynasty. This paper summarizes the research situation since 2 1 century from the aspects of drama theme, characters and story changes.

Keywords: "The West Chamber" research summary

The study of The West Chamber was involved as early as the Ming Dynasty. Since the 20th century, the academic research on The West Chamber has become increasingly rich, and the analysis angle has been constantly updated. According to incomplete statistics, there have been more than 1300 research articles on The Romance of the West since the 20th century, among which the theme research of The Romance of the West accounts for the majority, and there has been a certain breakthrough in the depth and breadth of the research on The Romance of the West since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The following is a brief summary of the research on The West Chamber in recent ten years.

First, the main research

The academic circles basically believe that the main purpose of The West Chamber is to pursue freedom of marriage and oppose feudal ethics. Zou You's Love and Ceremony —— On the theme of Wang Shifu's The West Chamber (Journal of Guizhou University, No.6, 2007) holds that "love, ceremony and righteousness" are in conflict, and shows the theme of "love and ceremony" through the love process between Cui Yingying and Zhang Xun. Chen Xing analyzed the plot of The West Chamber from a historical perspective, highlighted the rich ideological content and profound theme of the work, and inherited the development of orthodox drama thought. Liu Jian, the author of Iron-Discourse from the Perspective of Male Power-A deep analysis of the theme of The West Chamber (Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities, No.2004) S 1, 2005) and Huang Yihuang's A New Interpretation of the Meaning of The West Chamber (master's degree thesis of Huazhong Normal University in 2000) are analyzed from the perspective of content and cultural significance.

Revealing the duality of the theme of The West Chamber from the compromise of feudalism is another angle of study in recent years. Ru Bai's Duality of Theme Thought and Its Causes (Literature Education, No.6, 20 13) focuses on the solution and ending of Cui Zhang's marriage problem, analyzes the weakness of the characters and the author's compromise on feudal ethics, and then leads to the contradictory duality of the theme thought of The West Chamber.

Xiao Zhiqun's Study on the Complexity of Theme Thought (2012,09) combs the rebellious, contradictory and progressive theme thought in detail from the aspects of characters and rhetoric, and finally highlights the complexity of this theme thought.

Second, the study of characters.

The study of characters mainly focuses on three areas. The first field is the comparative study of characters; The second field is the monotheistic analysis of characters; The third field is the psychological research of characters. The comparative study of characters is mostly images with similar temperament and background. For example, Li Yang's On the Image Differences between Cui Yingying and Du Liniang (Journal of Qiqihar Normal University, No.5, 20 13) analyzes their image differences from their living environment, personality characteristics, unremitting pursuit of love and so on. Wang's Comparative Talk about Nightingale and Matchmaker (Journal of Dream of Red Mansions,No. 1 2003) also made a thorough analysis, and thought that the handmaid promoted the master's marriage with wisdom.

Of course, there are comparisons with some foreign characters, such as Cui Yingying, Juliet and Sagondaro. In the comparison of Chinese and foreign characters, most of their research fields are to analyze the characters through the differences of times and national characteristics, and the foothold is the subjective attitude and emotional tendency of the characters, praising the beauty of personality and love. For example, Juliet and Image Comparative Research (Journal of Lingling University 200 1No. 1) and Cheng's Sha Gong Da Ruo and Image Comparison (Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities, No.8, 2000) are all studied according to this model.

In the second field, the research object is specific people, and the significance and value of the works are revealed through analysis from different angles. Sun Hongjun's On Zhang Sheng's Image Characteristics in The Romance of the West Chamber (Huazhang 20 12 07) discusses the value of this character image through the analysis of Zhang Sheng's Zhicheng. Luo's Why the Image of the Matchmaker is so Changed (Sichuan OperaNo. 1 issue, 2009) is based on the aesthetics of traditional Chinese opera, while On the Modern Deduction of the Matchmaker Phenomenon (Jinyang Academic Journal No.6, 20 12) shows the new image of the matchmaker on the basis of history and culture.

In the third field, the study of characters' psychology is a hot spot and trend in recent years. Wang's Going Deep into the Soul of the Characters-Interpreting the Spiritual World (China's Self-study Guide, No.6, 2002) and Niu's Romance of the West Chamber and Psychoanalysis of Rebellion (No.9, 2005, China's Ancient Novels and Dramas Series) all write that Cui Yingying's psychology is love but dare not love, and love but cannot love. It was the long-term feudal imprisonment that forced her to break through the barriers of feudal Confucian culture. Jiang Kui and others further improved and enriched the argument of characters' psychological behavior. As a kind of sexual psychology, it is rarely mentioned, but researchers in Cui Yingying have opened up this channel in recent years, linking her psychology with her history and works. Ding Fengshan's Exploration of Cui Yingying's Sexual Psychology (Journal of Ningxia University,No. 1 2008) examines the research results of Yingying's "refusing first and then running" behavior from the perspective of sexual psychology. Li Shuangjun's "Loving Love" and "Honesty" —— Looking at the psychology of Tang and Yuan scholars from the image of Zhang Sheng (Youth, No.6, 20 13) combines the psychology of Zhang Sheng and Tang and Yuan scholars.

Third, the story evolution of The West Chamber.

Biography of Yingying, Romance of the West Chamber, Gongdiao and Romance of the West Chamber are in the same strain, and some stories have changed. In the evolution history of The West Chamber, scholars have studied it from different angles. First of all, Jiang Jiaqing's Analysis of the Development and Change of Anhui Literature from Yuan Zhen to Wang Shifu (No.8, 20 10) focuses on the changes in story plot, characters, words and sentences and ending. Secondly, Yang Wenbang's The Only Way from Humanization (Journal of Qiongzhou University, No.3, 2005) highlights the development of humanization from the adaptation of the script. Finally, the textual research on the family background of the characters is also a new direction in the evolution of the story. For example, the study of life mainly focuses on the textual research of Hu's daughter and family background. Wang Yue's On Cui Yingying's Hu Nv (Language Construction, No.9, 20 12) thinks that Cui Yingying's prototype should be Hu Nv from three aspects: the author's Hu Nv lineage, the cultural integration in the Tang Dynasty and the Hu Nv's culture in Zhou Pu, where the story takes place. Ge's exploration of the role of life (Guangming Daily, June 5-438+ 10-8, 2003) also demonstrated this point. Cui Yingying's Family and Destiny by Xu Zong (China Classics and Culture, No.3, 2003) mainly proves that Cui Yingying is indeed Kelvin Cui's daughter and Yuan Zhen's cousin. He met Yuan Zhen when he returned to Chang 'an and passed through Zhou Pu after three years of mourning with his mother's husband.

Fourthly, the study of the lyrics of The West Chamber.

The lyrics of The West Chamber are beautiful and have been praised by many people. The research on Qu Ci mainly focuses on vocabulary, rhetoric, allusions and style. A study of high vocabulary (Master's thesis of Guangzhou University, 20 13) counts the vocabulary in the script and classifies it into 13 categories, focusing on the analysis of prominent vocabulary such as dialect words and modal particles. Li Hao's Study of Figures of Speech (master thesis 20 12 of Xinjiang Normal University) analyzes the figures of speech in The Romance of the West Chamber, and draws the conclusion that it has a complete variety, a "flavor of life" and a "literary popularity". Wang Rihong's light makeup and heavy makeup are always appropriate —— An analysis of the linguistic beauty of The West Chamber (master's thesis of Northeast Normal University in 2005) shows his appreciation of elegance and vulgarity through the linguistic beauty of The West Chamber. Wang, Bao, Xu and others started with allusions to reveal the beauty of the composer's words, and further said that allusions are an important factor in "winning the crown in the world". The analysis of lyrics mainly focuses on three aspects: part of speech, word meaning and word selection, which is a deepening of the study of lyrics in The West Chamber since the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) A Study on the Author of The West Chamber

There are few records about Wang Shifu in historical materials and few articles about his life. In Wang Huazhi's Textual Research on Wang Shifu's Family Dingzhou (Six Items) (Journal of Hebei University, No.2, 200 1), according to Sun's textual research on Yuan Qu, Wang Shifu's family Dingzhou was researched, and it was further confirmed that the two were the same person, namely Wang Shifu. Then, Liu Chunbin pointed out in "Analysis of the Reasons for Wang Shifu's Failure to Join the Four Masters of Yuan Opera" (No.7, Cultural and Educational Materials, 2006) that there were three reasons why Wang Shifu failed to join the ranks of the four masters of Yuan Opera: the form of his works was out of touch, his works were modified by the border, and his thoughts were out of keeping with the times. With regard to Wang Shifu's known situation and the creation time of The West Chamber, Deng made a detailed introduction and summary in the article Wang Shifu's Activity Time and Creation Time (No.4 of Literary Heritage 20 12).

Expansion: The Original and Translation of The West Chamber

Original text:

(Mrs. Wang, the elder, Yun) I was sent back to Beijing today and set up a banquet at Shili Pavilion. My elders and I went first, but Zhang Sheng and Teacher Zhang didn't come. (Dan, Mei and Hong are the same as above.) It's sad to see the court today, and it's late autumn weather. What a bother! "Sorrow and joy gather for a glass of wine, and go north and south on Wan Li Road." (dancing)

[Gong Zheng] [Correct and Good] Blue sky, yellow land, tight west wind, flying north and south. Who is drunk in Xiao Lai's frost forest? Always in tears.

[Rolling hydrangea] I hate being late with you, but I hate being sick. It is difficult to tie a willow with a long jade, but hate it in the forest. The horse limped and the car followed quickly, but he told Acacia to avoid it and left early. Hearing the word "go also", Jinchuan was released; Seeing the Shili Pavilion in the distance, I lost my jade muscle. Who knew this was annoying!

(Miss Hongyun) Why isn't Sister dressed up today? (Yun Dan) You know my heart! (dancing)

[Talking about the order] Seeing the arrangement of chariots and horses, people can't help but boil and fry; How are you feeling? Flowers, cymbals, blooming; Prepare quilts and pillows, and only sleep in a daze; From now on, shirts and sleeves will be covered with overlapping tears. I kill people, don't I? I kill people, don't I? After a long time, books and letters were sent to me anxiously.

(Be an official) (See Wang Fu Ren Ke) (Wang Fuyun) Sit with the elder, the young lady sits on this wall, and the matchmaker brings the wine. Zhang Sheng, you stand up. You are your own relative. Don't shy away. Today, I will take Yingying to Beijing with you, stop humiliating my children and earn a championship. (The last cloud) I trust the lingering sound of Mrs. Wang, and regard the official as a mustard ear with the talent in my heart. (Yun Jie) Mrs. Wang's opinion is very good, and Zhang Sheng is not a backward person. (Put down the wine and sit down) (Dan sings Tsui Hark) (Dan sings)

[Take off your shirt] The west wind and yellow leaves fly, and the cold smoke is dying. Those who sat at the banquet with the sign crooked died with a frown.

[Xiaoliangzhou] I saw his pavilion in tears and dared not hang down. I'm afraid I already know. Suddenly I saw that I lowered my head, sighed and pushed my clothes.

Although it is a good match for a long time, how can time not be sad? I feel like a fool and my heart is drunk. Last night, today, I reduced my waistline.

(Mrs. Wang says) Miss, take the lamp! (Red hands the wine, Dan holds the lamp to urge the branches, and the cloud says) Please eat the wine! (dancing)

[Shangxiaolou] I didn't leave my heart, but I left one sadness after another. Thinking about last night, I got married last night and left today. I know that the taste of lovesickness these days is ten times that of parting.

[Yao Zhang] Young and far away, feeling thin and easy to abandon. I don't want my legs to touch, my faces to touch and my hands to hold together. You and Cui are son-in-law, your wife is rich, but you get a lotus, as strong as the first place.

(Mrs. Wang says) The matchmaker holds the lamp! (red wine) (dancing)

[Man Fang Ting] The food supply was so urgent that we left each other in an instant. If it weren't for the banquet room, when the mother and son avoided it, they would bring the case to him, Qi Mei. Although we have been together for a while, we are also husband and wife eating at every table. Pay attention to the fundus, think about it and turn it into a stone of hope.

(Miss Hongyun) Sister didn't have breakfast, but took a sip of soup. (Yun Dan) Matchmaker, what soup can you swallow! (singing)

[Happy 3] After that, the wine tastes like dirt and mud. If it is earth and mud, there is also some earthy smell and mud smell.

[DPRK] Moist and soluble jade, white as water, mostly lovesick tears. I'm afraid I can't wait for the tea and rice in front of me. I hate filling my stomach. The snail's horn is a hollow reputation, and the fly's head is meager profit. A wall, a wall, a hand sigh.

(Mrs. Wang says) Get up, I'll go back first, and then Miss Wang and the matchmaker will come. (2) (At the end of the speech, Jack) (Yun Jie) There is nothing else on this trip. The poor monk has to buy the exam records, and the tea and rice at the wedding are indispensable. Sir cares, be careful of the pommel horse! "From now on, I have no intention of listening to the first sound of spring thunder." (2) (dancing)

[All sides are quiet] In an instant, the cups and plates are in a mess, the cars are thrown east, Marcy is running, the two sides are falling, and the sunset is green. Do you know where he is staying tonight? Dreams are hard to find.

(Yun Dan) Zhang Sheng, you must be an official on this trip, so you will come back early. (At the end of the cloud) Xiao Shengbai won a championship, which is precisely "there is a way to the sky, and the golden list will never return" (Yun Dan) Your trip has nothing to give, and your mouth has a unique position. I saw you off: "What's the point of abandoning the present? At that time, I kissed myself. I will also pity the people in front of me. " (At the end of the cloud) Miss Zhang has bad intentions. Who does Zhang Xun dare to pity? I want to make a special effort to give up my heart: "Who is the closest person in life?" If you don't meet a bosom friend, who will pity and sigh? "(dancing)

[Playing with children] Tears are dripping on the sleeves, which are wetter than Sima Qing's shirt. Shrike flew east to Yan Xi and asked about the return date before boarding the plane. Although the eyes are thousands of miles away, a glass of wine is not dead. If you don't drink, you will get drunk first, your eyes will bleed and you will be disheartened.

[Five evil spirits] Go to the capital for water and soil, save food and drink while traveling, and protect yourself if you can. Abandoned villages should go to bed early in the rain and dew, and outdoor shops should get up late in the wind and frost! In the autumn wind of pommel horse, it is the most difficult to recuperate and the support is the most important.

[Four evil spirits] Who does this sorrow appeal to? Acacia is only known to oneself, and God doesn't care if people are haggard. Tears add nine twists to the Yellow River, and I hate the three peaks and the low Hua Yue. In the evening, leaning against the west wing, I saw some ancient sunset roads and decaying willows.

[Three evil spirits] Laugh, cry and return alone. If I return to Luotai, I will stay in embroidered spring last night and have a cold dream tonight. Don't miss you unintentionally. When you see the saddle on, you can't help frowning and crying.

(At the end of the cloud) Do you have anything to say to me, asking me to give my life? (dancing)

[Idiot] If you don't care about your happiness, I'm afraid you will stop your wife from remarrying. Don't ask for a spring fish goose! I have a letter from qingluan that needs to be sent frequently, but don't "swear not to return to the gold medal list." In this section, you must remember: if you see exotic flowers and plants, don't stay here, as if you are staying late.

(At the end of the cloud) Who looks like a young lady? I have this idea again. (dancing)

[One evil spirit] The green hills are separated, the sparse forest is not beautiful, and the light smoke covers it. The ancient sunset road is silent, and the autumn wind listens to Ma Si. Why am I lazy to get on the bus? I came in a hurry. Why is it too late after I go?

(Miss Hongyun) Mrs. Wang will go later, sister, come to our house! (dancing)

【 End 】 In the surrounding mountains, a whip is still shining. How can you afford these cars all over the world?

(Dan, Xia Hong) (The last cloud) The servant and the boy left early and found a place to stay early. Tears run with the running water, and sorrow flies away from the wild. (below)

Translation:

(Mrs. Wang and the elders came to the stage to say) Today, Zhang Sheng was sent to Beijing to take the exam, and a farewell banquet was prepared in this Shili Pavilion; My brother and I left first and arrived at the pavilion. We haven't seen Miss Zhang yet. (Yingying, Zhang Sheng, and Hong Niang go on stage together) (Yingying says) It was originally intended to make the parting people sad to send Zhang Sheng to Beijing to take the exam today, not to mention how annoying it is to meet in late autumn! "The joys and sorrows are all in this glass of wine. From then on, everything will be separated from Wan Li. "

The main hall is blue and the chrysanthemums are everywhere. The west wind blows wildly, and geese fly from north to south. Who dyed the frosted maple forest red in the early morning? Always tears.

Rolling hydrangea hates meeting too late and leaving too early. Although wicker is long, it is difficult to tie a traveler's horse. I hope I can't keep the sparse forest hanging in the sunset. Zhang Sheng's horse walked very slowly, and my car and I followed closely. Having just experienced the pain of lovesickness, we began to worry about parting early. Hearing him say "I'm leaving", people suddenly lost weight; Seeing the Shili Pavilion from a distance, people are thinner: who can understand this parting?

(The matchmaker said) Why isn't Sister dressed up today? (Yingying says) How do you know my heart? (Yingying sings)

Talking about the chariots and horses that are ready to leave makes me sad and angry; What's the mood of arranging flowers, sticking cymbals and dressing up charming? Prepare quilts and pillows. As long as you are sleepy, shirts and sleeves will only wipe away endless tears from now on. Why not worry about evil people? Why not worry about evil people? From now on, Zhang Sheng, if you want to send me a letter, send it quickly.

(Meet Mrs. Wang in Changting) (Mrs. Wang said) Sit with the elders, the young lady, and the matchmaker bring wine. Zhang Sheng, you also come forward. You are your own relative. Don't shy away. I betrothed Yingying to you today. When I get to Beijing, don't humiliate my children and try to get a champion back. (Zhang Sheng said) I trust Mrs. Wang Hongfu. With the talent in my heart, I treat fame like picking up a grass. Mrs. Wang's knowledge can't be wrong. Zhang Sheng is not a backward person. (Pour the wine and sit down) (Ying Ying sighs)

The west wind blew from the shirt without clothes, the yellow leaves flew about, and the hay was covered with frost. Zhang Sheng sat sideways at the party, frowning, listless and dull.

I saw him holding back his tears, afraid to let them flow out in Liangzhou, for fear of being discovered. Suddenly I saw him with his head down, sighing for a long time, pretending to tidy up his plain silk clothes.

Although the article will eventually become a beautiful marriage after a long time, how can it not make people cry at this time! I seem to be possessed in my mind and in a state of ecstasy. From last night to today, my waist is thinner.

(Mrs. Wang says) Miss, pour the wine! (The matchmaker hands the hip flask, Yingying raises a glass and sighs) Please drink!

It didn't take long for the small building to get together, and parting followed. I was engaged privately the night before yesterday, got married last night, but today I want to separate.

I'm stuck in recess these days, but the taste of lovesickness is ten times deeper than the sadness of parting.

You are young and frivolous, you are indifferent to separation and have weak feelings, so it is easy to dislike each other. I don't want to touch my legs, face each other and hold hands in the past. You are the son-in-law of Cui family, and you are also a rich woman. You just want to be like Bing Dilian and never part, far better than the champion.

(Mrs. Wang says) Matchmaker, pour the bar! (Matchmaker pours wine) (Yingying sings)

Fang Ting poured wine and served food too fast, and in an instant, she was going to leave again. If it weren't for the need to avoid between mother and son at the banquet, I would really like to talk to him about the relationship between husband and wife. Although we can only be together for a period of time, it is also our husband and wife who eat at the same table. There was a deep meaning in my eyes, and I almost turned to stone when I recalled the twists and turns.

Sister hasn't had breakfast yet. Have some soup. (Yingying says) Matchmaker, what soup can you swallow?

The wine and food brought by Happy Meal taste like dirt. If it is really earth and mud, there is also some smell of earth and mud.

Heaven's gentle wine, as light as water, is mostly acacia tears. Don't you want to eat the tea and rice in front of you, but you are full of sorrow? For some "trivial fame and fortune", they divided a couple in two places. One is here and the other is there, sighing for a long time.

(Mrs. Wang says) Get on the bus. I'll go back first, and then Miss Wang will come back with the matchmaker. (Mrs. Wang leaves) (Zhang Sheng says goodbye to the elder) (The elder says) After you leave, I have nothing more to say. I'm going to buy the admission list after the imperial examination. I can't help you prepare the wedding wine. Be careful, sir. Be careful all the way! From now on, I have no intention to recite the scriptures, and I only listen to the good news of your top student in high school. (The elder leaves the stage) (Yingying sings)

The farewell banquet is over, my car is heading east, Zhang Sheng's horse is heading west, and they are inseparable from each other. The afterglow of the sunset shines on the green hills. I wonder where he is staying tonight. It's hard to find even in dreams.

(Yingying says) Zhang Sheng, whether you are an official or not, come back early. (Zhang Sheng said) I believe it will be easy for me to get a champion when I go here. The sky will eventually fall, and the golden list will never return. (Yingying says) I sent you to the exam this time and got nothing. I wrote a poem for you: "Where are all the people who abandoned me now?" I want to be so affectionate to me.

The naughty boy's wet sleeves were covered with tears, which were wetter than Bai Juyi's blue shirt. Shrike flies east and swallows fly west. Before you leave, ask about the return date. Although the person in front is far away, let's drink this glass of wine first. If you don't drink, you will get drunk first, your eyes will bleed and you will be disheartened.

Five evil spirits hope you can adapt to Beijing's soil and water, seize the time, control your diet, adapt to the season and take care of yourself. Abandon the wild shop to go to bed early, and get up late in the wind, frost, rain and snow! Traveling in the autumn wind is the most difficult to recuperate, and taking care of yourself is the most important.

To whom do the four evil spirits tell this sorrow? The pain of thinking is only understood in your heart, and God doesn't care whether people are haggard or not. Acacia tears overflow the Yellow River in nine twists and turns, and resentment can crush the three peaks in Hua Yue. At dusk, I was alone in the West Building, and I only saw the ancient sunset road, the willows and the long embankment.

The three evil spirits came together, laughing and sobbing, and came back alone. If you go home, last night embroidery was warmed by spring fragrance, and tonight embroidery was cold and difficult to sleep. I miss you, just to see you climb into the saddle and get on the horse. I can't help crying and frowning.

(Zhang Sheng says) Do you have anything to tell me? (Yingying sings)

Second, don't worry about "literary talent without happiness". I am afraid that you will "leave your ex-wife and remarry". Don't "go and never hear from you"! I often write to you here. Don't "fail the exam and never come back". You must remember this: If you meet that foreign women, don't be as infatuated as you are here.

(Zhang Sheng said) Who else can compare with this young lady? How can I have this idea? (Yingying sings)

A green hill blocked my farewell, and the sparse forest blocked my view. The faint smoke in the kitchen and the fog in the evening cover each other. There is no human voice on the ancient road with the setting sun slanting, and the neighing of horses comes from the autumn wind blowing through crops. Why am I too lazy to get on the bus? How eager are you when you come, and how slow are you when you leave?

(Matchmaker says) Mrs. Wang has been back for a long time, sister, let's go home! (Yingying sings)

The destination is in the surrounding mountains, and a horse is far away in the sunset. All the troubles of the world are in my chest. How can you afford such a big car?

(Yingying and the matchmaker leave the scene) (Zhang Sheng said) The servant has a long way to go and find a place to live early. Tears increase with running water, and sorrow chases wild clouds all over. (Zhang Sheng leaves the stage)

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