D 1 Itinerary: Xi 'an-Lintong Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and Terracotta Warriors Pit
There are 306 buses on the west side of the railway station square, which can go directly to the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit in Lintong. You have to ask to take the high-speed 5 yuan and the low-speed 4 yuan to reach the Terracotta Warriors. I suggest you choose expressway, where the road conditions are good and the arrival time is about 40 minutes. Terracotta Warriors and Horses Tickets 100 Yuan. I went in June 5438+February 2003. At that time, all tickets were given to 60 yuan and students to 35 yuan.
Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors Pit: Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is located at the foot of Mount Li, more than 30 kilometers away. According to historical records, Ying Zheng began to build cemeteries when he ascended the throne at the age of Qin Dynasty 13. Planning and design were presided over by Prime Minister Reese, and General Zhang Han supervised the construction for 38 years. The project is huge in scale and magnificent in momentum, creating a precedent for the luxurious burial of feudal rulers in past dynasties. At that time, the total population of the Qin Dynasty was about 20 million, and the labor for building tombs reached 720,000. The spiritual household soil is taken from Sanliu village, 2000 meters south of the cemetery, to the county quarry, with multi-level loess cliffs, 5-25 meters high. A large number of stones used in the construction of the cemetery were taken from Zhongshan and Jun 'e Mountain, north of Weihe River, and all of them were transported to Linchong by manpower, so the project was very difficult.
The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is 43 meters high, with a base circumference of 1.700 meters. It is made of double rammed earth walls inside and outside, symbolizing the imperial city and Miyagi in the capital. The inner city is slightly square with a circumference of 3890 meters. There are two doors in the north, and one door is opened on all three sides. The outer city is rectangular, with a circumference of 6294 meters and a door on each side. Jia Ling lies to the south of the cemetery. The pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang is the burial pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, which is located at l 500 meters east of the cemetery. This used to be a cemetery, and local farmers found something similar to people when they dug graves. 1in March, 974, when the villagers in Xiyang village in Lingdong were fighting drought, a large toilet pit of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum was found between Lisanxiahe village and Wula village on the east side of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum. After excavation by archaeologists, the treasure of Qin figurines buried more than 2000 years ago was discovered.
The toilet burial pits of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang sit west to east, and the three pits are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The first pit of Terracotta Warriors was rectangular, with a length of 230m from east to west, a width of 62m from north to south and a depth of 5m, with a total area of14260m2. There are sloping doorways on all sides, and there are two terracotta warriors and horses pits on the left and right, which are now called pits No.2 and No.3. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit of Qin Shihuang is the largest underground military museum in the world. The layout of the copper pit is reasonable and the structure is peculiar. At the bottom of the pit about 5 meters deep, an east-west bearing wall is set every 3 meters, and the terracotta warriors and horses are arranged in the holes between the walls. More than 500 samurai spears, 6 chariots and 24 horsemen, as well as bronze weapons and ironware used in actual combat, such as bronze swords, Wu Gou, spears, arrows, crossbows and bronze halberds, were unearthed in pit 1. At the eastern end of the cave, there are 2 10 terracotta warriors and horses with different facial expressions, clothing styles and hairstyles, which are lifelike. They are arranged in three rows, with 70 people in each row. Except for three leaders wearing pin armour, the rest are all dressed in short brown, with their legs tied, without helmets, holding bows and arrows and crossbows. Later, it was the main force composed of 6,000 armored figurines, each armed with spears, daggers, halberds and other long weapons of about 3 meters, separated from 35 chariots by 38 columns 1 1 east-west tunnels. There are a row of warrior figures on the north and south sides and at both ends, which look like guards to prevent the side tail from being attacked. This team is uniform, well-equipped, powerful and magnificent, which is the artistic representation of the mighty army of Qin Shihuang in previous dynasties and has a strong artistic appeal. Pit No.2 is located in the northeast of Pit No.1 and the east of Pit No.3. It is square, 96 meters long from east to west and 84 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of about 6,000 square meters. The buildings in the pit are the same as those in the No.1 pit, but the arrangement is more complicated and the arms are more complete. It is the most spectacular military array in the three pits. Pit 2 has an exhibition hall of 1.7 million square meters, which is the largest and most well-preserved exhibition hall of modern sites in China. Yuan, director of the Qin Terracotta Warriors Museum, explained: "First of all, in order to better protect cultural relics, and secondly, it takes at least five to seven years to clear the entire army array from the ground. The advantage of this is that tourists can not only visit the local features of the second pit, but also see the excavation work of the second pit with their own eyes. " The third pit is located 25 meters west of the first pit, with an area of about 520 square meters and a concave shape. There is a chariot in front of the door, in which there are 68 warriors. Judging from the layout of the No.3 pit, it seems to be the general headquarters, commanding the left, right and middle armies, but it was not built. There are no terracotta figures in the fourth pit, only backfill soil.
Judging from the layout and formation of the two pits, the formation of the two pits is complex and the arms are complete, which is the backbone of the confrontation. In Sun Tzu's art of war, this grouping method is called "large array with small array, large camp with small camp, even falling with hooks, bending around". "Sun Bin's Art of War" said: "People who ride a war can be divided into three parts, one on the right, one on the left, one who is easy to ride many cars, one who rides many risks and one who is wide." Only the organic combination of the three can win every battle. The second pit is the theoretical map of this ancient strategist. Judging from the carved years of weapons unearthed from the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit was built before and after Qin Shihuang unified China. Qin Shihuang destroyed the six countries and unified the world with his skills of "breaking clouds with a sword" and "rough driving ahead of others" Terracotta warriors and horses reflect the momentum of the Qin dynasty and make Mazhuang stronger. After Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi Hu Hai succeeded to the throne and continued to overhaul Epang Palace and Chidao. The tax corvee was heavier than before, which led to the peasant uprising. In this form, the third pit was cut off halfway, and the fourth pit was hastily filled before the Terracotta Warriors were put in. Traces of fire were found in the excavation, which may be related to the burning of Epang Palace by the King of Chu.
D2 itinerary: Wild Goose Pagoda, Cold Kiln, Forest of Steles Museum.
Take bus No.5 directly at Jiefang Road in the south of the railway station square, and you can go directly to the North Guangchang Station of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. Ticket price 1 yuan coin. After visiting the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, you can take a bus at the North Square of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda and go to Qujiang Cold Kiln.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is located in Ji 'an City, south of Xi, Shaanxi Province, China. Ji 'en Temple was built by Prince Li Zhi in the 22nd year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (AD 648) to commemorate his dead mother, Empress Wende, and to repay the kindness of upbringing, hence the name "Ji 'en Temple". At that time, * * * had 13 courtyards and 1987 houses, and invited Xuanzang, a monk who went to India to study Buddhist scriptures and returned to China, to preside over the temple affairs. Famous painters Yan, Wu Daozi and others have painted murals here on a large scale. In the third year of Tang Yonghui (652), Xuanzang built a tower in the west courtyard of the temple, named Ci 'en Temple Tower, to store the scriptures brought back from India. The present name of the pagoda is recorded in the Biography of Sanzang Master Ji Angji: There was a monk temple in Tuozhou, Mojie, and one day a wild goose broke away from the community and fell to the ground. Monks believe that this wild goose is the incarnation of Bodhisattva and decided to build a tower for the wild goose, so it is also called the Wild Goose Pagoda, also known as the Wild Goose Pagoda.
When the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was first built, it was a five-story square tower with brick surface and core. Later, it was changed to a seven-story square pavilion, and it was changed to a ten-story pavilion in the Tang Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the Tangta added brick faces. At present, the tower is 64 meters high, and each floor is made of imitation wood structure. There are exquisite line-carved Buddha statues on the bottom lintel, and the west lintel is the Buddha statue of Amitabha, engraved with a magnificent hall. There are two stone tablets embedded in the brick niche of the south gate at the bottom of the tower: Preface to Tang Sanzang and Preface to Tang Sanzang, both written by Chu Suiliang, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. The Wild Goose Pagoda is a famous tourist attraction in the Tang Dynasty, so there are a large number of inscriptions by literati, including more than 200 inscriptions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties alone. Today, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is still a landmark building in Xi 'an, an ancient city, and a famous scenic spot at home and abroad. The State Council was promulgated as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units 196 1.
The cold kiln is located in the east corner of Qujiang pool in the southern suburbs of Xi. It is said that this place was once the place where Wang Baochuan lived, so it is famous at home and abroad. According to legend, at the end of the Tang Dynasty, there was a girl named Wang Baochuan in Chang 'an, who was extremely clever and talented. Her father, Wang Yun, is the prime minister of the dynasty and wants to choose a son-in-law for her. However, regardless of the hierarchical concept and secular concept at that time, she broke with her family and married Xue Pinggui, a young beggar she loved. Soon, the frontier was in an emergency, and Xue Pinggui surrendered to the "red-haired swift horse" and went to Xiliang to participate in the war. Wang Baochuan lived alone in a small cave in Wudianpo, the southern suburb of Chang 'an, and spent 18 years by digging wild vegetables, waiting for her husband's triumph and living a happy life again. In particular, the play "Wudianpo" has been staged for a long time since the Ming Dynasty, making the cold kiln famous.
The forest of steles is a treasure house of culture and art with the earliest collection of ancient inscriptions and the largest number of famous inscriptions in China. It is not only one of the focal points of ancient cultural books and stone carvings in China, but also a place where famous calligraphers of all ages gather. "Forest of Steles" is named after the forest of steles stands like a forest and is spectacular. The forest of steles has a history of more than 900 years, and it has become a famous artistic treasure at home and abroad because of its unique collection.
Xi 'an Forest of Steles was developed on the basis of preserving the classic stone carvings of the Tang Dynasty. The forest of steles not only has a long history, but also preserves many steles on a large scale. What is more important is its precious historical value and artistic value of calligraphy.
D3 itinerary: Take bus No.5 at the railway station square, get off at Dacha, and transfer to bus No.302 to go to the site of Abang Palace. Epang Palace of Qin Shihuang
Epang Palace was built when Qin Shihuang proclaimed himself emperor. Located between Zhaojiabao and Dagu Village in the western suburb of Xi today, it is said that it can accommodate tens of thousands of people, and a 50-foot-high flagpole is erected. It's amazing to imagine the scale of the past! Epang Palace was built to show the majesty of the emperor on the one hand, and to accommodate more people to worship on the other. According to historical records, when Qin Shihuang conquered a country in the great cause of reunifying China, he rebuilt it in Beiban, Xianyang, the capital of China, and called it the "Six Kingdoms Palace". Qin Shihuang once moved 6.5438+0.2 million lords and wealthy businessman dajia from all over the country to Xianyang. In the past, there were many palaces in Xianyang, and the population increased dramatically. However, Xianyang faces the Weihe River in the south and the plateau in the north, and its future is uncertain, so Qin Shihuang expanded to the vast plain south of the Weihe River. In 2 12 BC, 700,000 prisoners were recruited and the front hall of Epang Palace was built near Fenghao in the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Afang" means "near", which is near Xianyang. Who knows, Qin Shihuang went before the front hall was built. After him, Qin Ershi continued to build. According to legend, Epang Palace has more than 700 halls, large and small, and the climate of each hall is different in one day. Before his death, Qin Shihuang hid jewels and beautiful women plundered from six countries in his palace. He visited palaces and lived in one place every day, but he hasn't lived in all the palaces yet. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu burned Abang Palace. It is said that the fire lasted for three months and stood the baptism of two thousand years of wind and rain. Today, only one rammed earth site remains in Abang Palace, which is 2,500m long from east to west,1000m long from north to south and 20m high, covering an area of 260,000m2. Locals call it "the first emperor platform".
In addition, if time permits, I recommend you to visit Yan 'an. Let's take a look at Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De, the famous red tourist cities, such as Zaoyuan and Baota shan. In addition, huangling county's Huangdi Mausoleum, the ancestor of China, has a monument inscribed by Tung Chee-hwa, the first chief executive of Hong Kong, and a monument inscribed by He Houhua. Are all scenic spots worth seeing. In addition, there is a tomb of Yang Guifei in Xingping, Shaanxi, 25 kilometers away from Xi. It is said that it will be more beautiful for girls to wipe with the soil on the tomb. My supplement, 2009-08-03 1 1:44, recommends you a place with cheap accommodation:
Guandi Hotel Huzhu Road, Standard Room 80 yuan.
The east gate is 2 kilometers east. Opposite Jianguo Hotel. You can take buses 300, 8, 43, 37 and 2 to get there. My supplement 2009-08-03 1 1:45 paomo-liujia paomo (in beiguangji street) and mijia paomo (also in beiguangji street, 200m north of Liu Jia paomo).
Stir-fry and paomo-Majiajia stir-fry and paomo, Xiaopiyuan
Barbecue-Limu Barbecue (50 meters west of Majia Cross, where the ribs are particularly delicious. Remember not to brush sauce for traditional barbecue)
Sichuan small bamboo stick barbecue-the first one is a small bamboo stick in Dongxin Street, and the second one is opposite to Yanta Road Lin Qiu Company.
Huxian Airport Barbecue-Xiaomajia Airport Barbecue in Beiyingfang Village, Huxian County is very famous. Xi 'an's airport barbecues are all modeled after her home, and Ma Xiao's boss is also very hospitable. It's just a little far from Xi 'an.
Chinese hamburger-Qinyu Chinese hamburger (moved to Dongmutou City)
Cumin Chinese hamburger-(Sajinqiao Cross to the north of Lu Nan Road, opposite Marley's dinner)
Chinese hamburger with preserved beef-Liu branch, Zhenxing Road, Nanshaomen. Never eat Li Laosan's. He put a lot of mirabilite in the meat. That's terrible!
Gourd head-iron egg gourd head (moved away and disappeared); Nanyuanmenquan is an old name, so I don't need to say anything. The first bowl in Shaanxi on Labor North Road is also good. But the service attitude is poor!
Steamed bowls-The steamed bowls sold by Xiaoguo in Chejiaxiang Lane are also very good. But the best food is steamed by my dad (greedy everyone! )
Pancakes-Dingdingxiang Pancake House (50 meters southwest of Longshou Village Cross)
Jianggu Village (auspicious village Cross East, North 100 m) is a big bone village in Yang Jiajiang (on Gaoxin Road). )
Spicy powder-spicy powder (the fragrant powder is more delicious)
Hot pot-crispy fish porridge hot pot (the chicken and beef inside are particularly tender and melt in the mouth). The address is 20 meters south of the intersection of Xidian Houjie and Baisha Road. Next to it is the hydraulic hot pot.
Beef Noodles-Mahu Lake (Xiqi Road)
Bacon noodles-Liu Jia bacon noodles in Chejiaxiang and Fenxiang, their basins are also said to be good. Free mung bean soup is also good. )
Spicy-hot fish-a cornucopia of spicy-hot fish on Jianguo West Road. Cooking here is cheaper and suitable for small parties. But the environment is noisy.
Old Bowl of Fish-Jin Xin Sichuan Cuisine (south of Alley opposite Lin Qiu Company 100 m) The fish fillets here are all sliced, and the fish made are particularly delicious. In addition, the pond fish here are also very unique.
Diving fish-Laodong South Road, there is one in the old airport, which is delicious.
Mala Tang-Seven-Star Pepper (Zhou Jia Fence); Jiahe (in the alley opposite weiyang district Municipal Government, Longshou North Road, northern suburb). Balihong beside Taibai Commercial Building on Taibai South Road is also good.
Hot pot-Shunfu Fat Beef (at the turntable of Gaoxin and Laodong Road, there are a lot of fat beef here, and the bowls made of Satay sauce are also good)
Musa in the casserole-(Dapiyuan); Dongli Casserole on Longshou South Road in the Northern Suburb
Fried sea melon seeds-fat sister-in-law (Dongjie night market, recently checked the booth after 12).
Saute spicy chicken-Laoqi chestnut saute spicy chicken at the entrance of Bazhong. Cooking is also good.
Morning in Weinan-East Gate Steamed Bun in Lin 'an
Roasted lamb chops-there is a [roasted mutton] in Yongning village, Nanshaomen, which is now called freshly ground, sold, roasted and eaten; In addition, the little sheep barbecue in the alley opposite the original middle body of Suzaku Road is also delicious. The roasted meat is tender, but the environment is not very good.
Beef ball stew-Dongxinjie, which is delicious, is only available in the night market and will be eaten every few days.
Hansenzhai in the eastern suburb passes through the north exit of Erlu Road, where Li Laosi's beef is sandwiched in buns.
Opposite the auspicious village Cross Academy of Social Sciences in the southern suburbs is Laopucheng-style snacks, where the eight-treasure peppers and old tofu are very good.
"Big Tsinghua" Dumpling House-There is one in Ximiao Street, Xixiangzi. Jiaozi is good, and all the dishes are from Northeast China. Mainly because of the large appetite.
Datong Fishing Port-The cheapest and most delicious seafood is Lion South 100 meter in Bianjia Village.
Water basin meat-Huzhu road, take 40 1 to get there; Old Song family (southwest corner of Baishishu Cross), I don't know how. Someone has gone to eat, saying it's good.
Pan cake-did everyone who grew up in Xi 'an use it for breakfast, but I liked it very much when I was a child. (Ma Jiashi's Southeast Asian glutinous rice cake king)
Meatball Chili soup-Marley's meatball Chili soup is highly recommended! There are a lot of meatballs there, and the taste is absolutely first-class. It is only sold as a midnight snack every night. Besides, the boss has a bad temper. (Go north from Qiaozikou to Sajinqiao. Or 200 meters south of the ancient capital hotel on Lianhu Road); In the morning, the sticky soup sold by Xinyi Paomo Shop on Wen Yi Road is also delicious. It's just that meatballs are missing. Liu Laohu's Chili soup tastes terrible now. Only one of Li's is ok, but it is definitely not as good as the first two I said.
Golden thread oil tower-ternary snacks. There is an aunt pushing a car to sell on the path behind Kaiyuan Mall, which tastes ordinary.
Biangbiang noodles-on Jianguo road
Beef and mutton-I only eat Jia madman's now. Zhijun Liu, north of Qiaozikou, is also good.
Fried dumpling-a kind of fried dumpling in Xiyang city, which seems to be called "the first fried dumpling"; Besides, the pot stickers in Xi 'an restaurant taste good.
Fried noodles with bacon-a family in Nantou, Xitou Road, Jianshe West Road.
Muslim steamed stuffed bun-Dongxin Jie Zheng steamed stuffed bun.
Steamed dumplings-Tiejia steamed dumplings with Ji's turn. Tangyuan is also available, and the taste is OK.
Tang Bao-Jia San is the most famous and feels ordinary.
Saute spicy chicken-Shawan saute spicy chicken. I think it's much better than Guo's! Bianjia village has closed. I wonder if the sea on Chang 'an Road is there.
Roast Duck-Xi 'an Roast Duck Restaurant is the head office of East Street. The old roast duck in the north gate of Northwest University is also very good.
Marinated bean jelly-Dongkou, Xiyang City. I guess many people don't know this kind of thing. Break the cake similar to eating pots into pieces, add bean jelly, add seasoning and pour marinade. West Street Qiaozikou Station Road South Hutong has home-cooked bean jelly, which is not bad either.
South of Dongkou Road, Yi Xi Road
Dumpling Banquet-high-end goods, all kinds of jiaozi, the same kind, with many colors, is unique to Xi 'an. But I haven't eaten it. Someone invited me! By the way, ordinary jiaozi in Defachang is not very delicious. I suggest going to the Jiaozi Pavilion on Jiefang Road.
Crossing the Bridge Rice Noodles-Yunnan Crossing the Bridge Rice Noodles (Yun Fei Rice Noodles, just in Xidian Back Street) Hulutou Paomo-There is one in Fenxiang, Youyi West Road.
Roasted wings-there are not many roasted wings in Chejia Lane, just in the alley next to the Liu bacon noodles. In addition, there is a Bajia roasted wing 50 meters west of the intersection of Yikang drugstore next to Renrenle outside the west gate, which is also very good. Tastes like KFC's Orleans roasted wing.