The Doctrine of the Mean was written by Yang Tianyu and published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House.
The doctrine of the mean, selected from The Book of Rites, was taught by Confucius, who was afraid that it would take a long time, so he wrote a book to teach Mencius. Before Confucius, there was the bud of the golden mean. In the Book of Changes, Yin and Yang are emphasized. All good hexagrams are both rigid and flexible. Confucius himself said that it was too late to learn the golden mean. If only he had studied earlier. In the book, Confucius further developed the concept of "harmony" and thought that "in all unexpressed emotions, the middle section is harmony." If you are in the middle, you are the biggest in the world; He who is harmonious achieves the way of the world. Be neutral, the world is cold and everything breeds. "In the realm of neutralization, there will be order in the position of everything in heaven and earth, and everything will grow and multiply.
What we often call the "golden mean". What is the "golden mean"? In the chapter "The Doctrine of the Mean", Confucius did not define the doctrine of the mean. It's just that a gentleman always keeps the golden mean, but the golden mean is hard to keep. Zhu cited Cheng Yi's words to define the doctrine of the mean, saying, "Being impartial means the doctrine of the mean, and the doctrine of the mean is not easy. The doctrine of the mean is the right way in the world, and mediocrity is the most reasonable way in the world. " The doctrine of the mean is impartial and has nothing to lose. "
The golden mean is not something that ordinary people can achieve, but a means of self-cultivation. In psychological activities, "therefore, the gentleman respects morality and seeks knowledge, making it broad and subtle, extremely bright and moderate." Confucius advocated being born, and this psychological activity must be externalized into an external expression that conforms to benevolence, righteousness and etiquette.
The doctrine of the mean is a sign that distinguishes a gentleman from a villain. There are many standards to distinguish between a gentleman and a villain. Confucius attached importance to his self-cultivation and regarded the golden mean as the standard to distinguish gentlemen from villains. "Gentleman's doctrine of the mean, mean person against the doctrine of the mean. The gentleman is moderate, and the gentleman is at the right time. The villain is despicable, and the villain will do whatever it takes. " Confucius attached importance to self-cultivation and believed that everything originated from self-cultivation. "So, a gentleman has to cultivate one's morality. If he practices by himself, there is nothing he can do. If he is close to others, he can't know anyone. He who knows people knows nothing about heaven. " Only by understanding the truth of nature can we understand people. Only by knowing them can you serve your parents, and only by serving your parents can you correct yourself.
The doctrine of the mean is a supreme and beautiful virtue. Is the ideal personality. "The doctrine of the mean is the best, and people rarely last long." In other words, it is probably the most perfect virtue to always maintain the golden mean, but few people can persist for a long time. "All countries in the world can be equal, and Jue Lu can resign, the white blade can follow, and the doctrine of the mean cannot be done."
The golden mean is the realm that monarchs and saints can reach. For example, Yan Hui always abides by the golden mean, such as being smooth, suppressing evil and promoting good, and choosing both ends for the people. But it is difficult for ordinary people to truly reach the realm of moderation. "As everyone knows, everyone chooses the mean, but he can't last for a month."
The doctrine of the mean is a good policy for governing the country and safeguarding the country. Confucius praised Shun and said, "Shun's great wisdom is also related to it. It is good to ask questions and watch your words, hide evil and promote good, and hold both ends for the people, thinking that it is smooth. "
What is filial piety? Confucius used Shun's example to explain "filial piety": he has the virtue of a saint, the dignity of a son of heaven and the world. Taking King Wu and Duke Zhou as examples, he directly said: "Filial people are good at getting things done and people who are good at expressing human feelings."
Filial piety refers to being good at inheriting the heritage of ancestors and praising their achievements.
What is honesty? The meaning of sincerity is similar to prudence and independence, and it is a sincere mental state. The book holds that only the most sincere people can give full play to their own nature, the nature of others and the nature of all things, and finally they can "praise the cultivation of heaven and earth and participate in it." If people can reach the realm of "sincerity", they can "be sincere in the world, learn the great classics of the world, establish the great foundation of the world, and know the teaching of heaven and earth." Only the most sincere people can establish discipline and establish the foundation of the world. Confucianism attaches importance to honesty and believes that "there is no honesty". According to the golden mean, "sincerity" can be divided into the sincerity of heaven and the sincerity of humanity. In the book, "sincerity" has seven explanations:
1, sincerity, heaven. 2. If you are sincere, you will learn from others.
3, sincere people, not reluctant, not thinking, calm and mean, saints.
4, sincere people, choose good and stubborn people.
5, sincerity, everything depends on human effort, insincerity is nothing.
7. An honest man is not himself, so he becomes something. Sincerity is actually a spirit that connects heaven and humanity. Honesty is the "Tao", and if it is done, it means mastering the method of conforming to nature, that is, "being honest is the Tao". "China" is the foundation of the world, and "harmony" is the way to achieve Tao. "Harmony, where the world is, how everything is bred." When we reach the state of neutralization, the position of everything between heaven and earth will be orderly, and everything will grow and reproduce. Isn't this to conform to the nature of things? So I think the doctrine of the mean, neutrality and "sincerity" are the same, and they are all achieved in order to follow the nature of things.
How to govern the country? On this issue, Confucius advocated "rule by virtue" and thought that "rule by man" and the way to acquire talents should be realized through self-cultivation.
Discussion:
1, the relationship between moderation and kindness and sincerity.
Confucius' moral quality, which a gentleman must do, is closely embedded. It's original. It's not clear who's the first. For example, Confucius pays attention to self-cultivation, but how to cultivate self-cultivation? Of course, cultivation should be "filial piety", "kindness", "honesty" and "moderation", but how can we have these? Here, Confucius fell into a circular theory. In order to have these qualities, "a gentleman must cultivate himself" and strive to become a "gentleman", and the performance of a gentleman is "magnanimity"
2. The doctrine of the mean and national character.
On the philosophical level, the doctrine of the mean advocates "too much is not enough" and the doctrine of the mean. This is an ethical and cultural spirit. It requires people to pay attention to "introspection" and "self-criticism" all the time and not complain about others. In other words, I have been fighting myself. In real life, it often causes such a phenomenon that the image of a modest gentleman that people constantly maintain with the golden mean appears, exquisite in all directions, self-preserved, and has no personality at all.
After reading The Doctrine of the Mean, I realized that the main purpose of The Doctrine of the Mean is to discuss neutralization, which means that neutralization is nature, neutralization is Tao, and neutralization is the original state of the universe. It is different from the Great Learning, which expounds the principles of self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world. In my opinion, "University" talks about concrete external truth, while "The Doctrine of the Mean" talks about self-neutralization, focusing on self-cultivation, which seems to have nothing to do with the outside world, but in fact contains rich life truth!
In the first class, the teacher talked about the unity of man and nature and the theory of cosmic holography. It's too profound, I really don't understand. Briefly explain your point of view. In my opinion, the universe is a whole, interlocking, if any part is unbalanced, then the whole universe will have problems. It's just like the human body. The difference between Chinese medicine and western medicine is that Chinese medicine emphasizes balance, while western medicine emphasizes prescribing drugs according to the patient's condition. I've been sick since I was a child, and I've taken western medicine and piles of medicine. I don't know how many side effects there are. Many drugs have no effect on me, because my body has developed resistance to drugs. When this happens, I will drink Chinese medicine. Chinese medicine pays attention to seeing a doctor throughout. For example, if you catch a cold, western medicine will directly prescribe cold medicine for sterilization, but Chinese medicine will not. If it is inferred that there is heat in the body, some drugs for clearing heat will be prescribed. Therefore, western medicine treats the symptoms and Chinese medicine cures the problem!
There is also a phenomenon that some people are sick all their lives, but they still live a long life; Some people have been healthy all their lives, and suddenly they are terminally ill and die. Why is this? Sick people seem unhealthy on the surface and don't live long, but they keep their balance, which is the secret of longevity; People who look healthy are not necessarily balanced. Although they don't reflect, they are seriously ill. This is a practical example of the golden mean in real life.
In fact, the first thing you should pay attention to when reading The Doctrine of the Mean is the words "the Doctrine of the Mean" and "mediocrity". Originally the word meant mediocrity. Later, after studying, I finally understood that neutrality means impartiality; Mediocrity is not incompetence, but normality. Usually, it changes very little. This is why most successful people have reached middle age. Young people are frivolous, radical, unwilling to live an ordinary life and constantly thinking about changes, all of which are caused by mediocrity. Middle-aged and elderly people yearn for a plain life, willing to be ordinary and striving for victory in stability. "Older people are so mediocre, and younger people are so mediocre." And those who are successful when they are young are mostly mediocre and more stable than their peers. For example, in teacher teaching, if there are naughty students in the class, if the teacher severely criticizes the students, it will generally make the students intensify and fail to achieve positive results. This is not "neutrality". However, if teachers reason calmly and often encourage students to find out the root of the problem and solve it with teachers and students, students will feel valued and study hard. This is the "golden mean".
Cheng Yi said: "Impartiality is called' neutrality' and invariability is called' mediocrity'; China is the right path of the world, and mediocrity is the theorem of the world. " To say this fairness, I think judges should achieve this fairness. The doctrine of the mean is to cultivate people's cultivation and improve people's moral quality. Whether a judge's judgment is fair or not determines a person's fate or life. On the other hand, isn't one's fate more determined by oneself? If everyone is "moderate", isn't the world very balanced? However, the world is maintaining a dynamic balance, dynamic and static, dynamic and static. Everything has its place and is endless.
Another understanding of the doctrine of the mean is "forbearance". "forbearance" is a spiritual realm of being a man. Only in order to do great things, do we tolerate small things. "In real life, many things need tolerance and mutual tolerance to solve things peacefully. There have been many times around me when small things turned into big things because of mutual intransigence, and finally caused unnecessary losses to both sides. The same is true with classmates and colleagues. They are not radical or impulsive. They think before they talk, and everything is "slow", so that they can give themselves some time to think clearly about what they should do, so as not to cause irreparable consequences because of temporary weakness. In addition, fame and fortune should not be too radical. Why care about temporary gains and losses? As the saying goes, take a step back and broaden the horizon. Isn't that what the teacher said about Wu Qingyuan in class? Play chess with the chessboard as your life, consider the problem from the overall situation, don't care about gains and losses, don't care about winning or losing, just to win. It is this noble and extraordinary personality that makes him prosperous in chess! At home, I often watch Wu Qingyuan's Go. How many famous chess players and directors explain his chess skills to the audience? I think they speak very well, but they are far from being as good as master Wu Qingyuan understood. Master Wu Qingyuan also talked about chess, but none of the latecomers can reach the master's level. This is the success brought by the golden mean to Wu Qingyuan.
However, "forbearance" does not mean being at the mercy of others, but finding a wise solution in the process of forbearance. In fact, pursuing one thing often leads to losing another. In order to pursue forbearance, you lose face. Others may say you are weak, but forbearance is not unprincipled, but following the trend. It's not that we don't resist, and we don't have the strength to resist, but that we have to wait for the opportunity in forbearance in order to gain more and greater benefits wisely. In fact, we should have principles and be patient within the scope of not violating personal nature and moral standards.
After consulting relevant information, it is found that some people have some misunderstandings about the golden mean, that is, they think that the golden mean means not making progress. This is not right. The doctrine of the mean is an optimistic and optimistic philosophy. It tells us that no matter what happens, no matter what the situation, we should look at the problem optimistically, face it with a relaxed heart, don't be disappointed and desperate, and don't lose our ideals and beliefs.
I found such an example when I was reading the information, and I thought it was good. Sharing: One day, a fisherman came home from fishing and met a shrewd businessman on the way. The businessman must have made a lot of money by watching so many fish, so he asked, "Fisherman, you caught so many fish. How long have you been fishing? " The fisherman replied, "Two hours". The businessman said, "Then why not do more?" The fisherman said, "I will go home and take a nap with my wife, and then play with the children." Then the businessman said, "But if you play more, you can earn more." Then the fisherman said. "Then you can start a company and put it on the market," replied the businessman. The fisherman asked inexplicably, "What can I get?" The businessman said, "You can get a lot of money!" The fisherman was more puzzled and asked, "What's the use? Then what can I do? " The businessman said, "You can take a nap with your wife and play with your children ..." The fisherman said, "So I'm pulling now?" Businessmen have nothing to say.
This story inspired me a lot. The doctrine of the mean is actually to overcome this greedy word and achieve a spiritual realm of contentment. This fisherman has completely reached this state, and contentment is always happy! In fact, I have had this experience in my life. For example, there are many people waiting for the bus at the school station. Once, I stood in the second row waiting for the bus. As a result, when I got on the bus, it was crowded and crowded. Finally, everyone got on the bus, but I didn't. The pessimistic view is that I am too angry to continue. The optimistic view is that it doesn't matter, wait for the next bus, it's not so crowded. For another example, people standing on the bus thought, if only I had a seat. The people sitting thought it would be nice if the seats were not so crowded. This is greed! The doctrine of the mean is that if you stand, you should think that there are still many people who have no place to stand; If you sit, you should feel that many people have no place to sit! Only in this way can you be happy, and this is not greed advocated by the golden mean!
Only after I got a preliminary understanding of the golden mean did I realize how superficial my previous behavior was. After reading The Doctrine of the Mean, I understand a lot of truth, re-examine my bad habits of dealing with people, and re-correct the direction of life. The golden mean has benefited me a lot. The wisdom of the golden mean is worth exploring all one's life. No matter the development of time or the passage of time, the wisdom of the mean cannot be eliminated.
The golden mean is suitable for students who are studying. This book gave me a lot of truth, as if the rain moistened the hearts of flowers.
The doctrine of the mean in college also teaches us to set an example and be calm when dealing with people. People with high moral character always set an example.
As the saying goes, plain is true. It means mediocrity, old people are mediocre, and young people are mediocre. Whether mediocrity is good or bad, this opposition is quite thought-provoking. Mediocrity is divided into good and evil. In the process of learning, due to individual differences, students will make various mistakes. If teachers are too anxious in the face of these mistakes, they will inevitably adopt simple and rude ways to solve the problems, which will inevitably hurt students' learning creativity to some extent. If teachers can calmly analyze the causes of students' mistakes and help students find the root of the mistakes, it is not difficult for teachers to find the best solution. Therefore, I think teachers' peace of mind is the key to correctly treat students' mistakes and help students correct them effectively.
The ancients said: "Wisdom is the capital of virtue; Virtue is a gifted teacher. " Flying in the wild south is a process of teamwork, a process in which a group of like-minded partners cooperate and encourage each other until victory. They always like to fly in herringbone. In this structure, the flapping of each goose's wings will add an upward force to the companions who follow closely, and support them to successfully complete the long journey.
The purpose of the golden mean in universities is to carry forward the aboveboard moral character, make people abandon the old and establish the new, and make people reach the most satisfactory state. From the head of state to the ordinary people, everyone should take the cultivation of character as the foundation. If this is disturbed, it is impossible for the family, the country and the world to be well governed. Do things in order of priority, otherwise. ...
The book says that "sex" and "Tao" cannot be divorced from themselves in an instant. We should cultivate our own moral character from the aspects of abstinence, fear, seclusion and independence, master the golden mean and advocate neutralization. If we achieve neutrality, everything in the world will be in its proper place and everything will grow and develop. "Tao" originates from itself and is divorced from itself, and a gentleman can only get it if he learns to seek for himself. This quality of self-cultivation and self-reflection is what we modern students must have. No matter who you meet, what you encounter, no matter what setbacks you encounter in the future, you must learn to "find for yourself" and find reasons from yourself. We should learn from Mencius' quality of "I save three times a day".
Books are our friends. Some people think that the golden mean in universities is treasure, while others think it is grass. I think it's treasure! After reading my composition, you must look at the golden mean in college!