The influence of education on society 1 abstract:
The role of education in social stratification has always been attached importance by socialization theorists, and school education, as one of the effective means of human socialization and social control, has a planned and purposeful process in the selection, organization and transmission of educational content. Under the background that modern society is an "academic society", school education has a great influence on social stratification.
Education plays a very important role in the process of individual socialization. The social significance of education lies in giving social members specific cultural connotations, making them understand and accept the social order under this cultural background, and at the same time improving their quality and ability. School education is an effective social and cultural process. On the one hand, it gives people a definition of culture; On the other hand, it provides a valuable social resource for individuals-academic diploma, and through this resource, it has an important impact on the differentiation of social members.
First, the function of school education.
The formulation of school education system, the choice of educational content and the creation of educational environment are closely related to the political, economic, cultural structure and value system of society. Since the end of19th century, sociologists and educators have begun to study the relationship between education and society and the social function of education, thus creating the sociology of education. Scholars believe that education is not only an important driving force to promote social development, but also has the functions of realizing individual socialization, effectively integrating society and making choices according to social division of labor.
School education mainly undertakes such functions in the process of individual socialization: First, the socialization of knowledge. The knowledge of humanities, natural sciences and various social life in modern society has shown an increasingly rich trend, and families are no longer qualified for the responsibility of teaching and educating people mainly through systematic and scientific school education in traditional society. Second, the socialization of values and behaviors. Personal value judgment of society is mainly accomplished through school education, which enables people to distinguish between good and evil and between right and wrong. At the same time, the correct values are used to guide individuals to abide by social behavior norms, and students are trained to be models in line with social order, so as to realize effective integration into society. Third, the socialization of ideal goals. Through school education, individuals can take the goal that the interests of the whole society are consistent with their own wishes as their ideal, and learn how to achieve the goal through learning. Therefore, school education is not only to impart knowledge to students, but also to have a potential impact on students' behavior and attitude choice.
Second, the theory of education and social stratification
The theory of social stratification has always attached great importance to the relationship between education and class formation. Both Marx and Weber regard education or technical qualification as the standard to divide class structure.
Important basis. Wright thinks that two kinds of resources are very important in capitalist society, namely organizational assets and qualification skills. Wright believes that education or technological capital is the basis of class exploitation. Giddens, a British sociologist, believes that under the conditions of market economy in capitalist society, the specific forms of market ability are: ownership of means of production, qualification certification in education and technology, and power of manual labor. Here he emphasized the role of skill level in class differentiation. Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital holds that culture is a kind of capital, and its distribution in the population depends on different classes. This distribution can be attributed to the relationship between educational achievements and cultural practice-the ability to participate in cultural practice is obtained through educational experience. Bourdieu believes that the role of the education system in the bourgeois society at this stage is equivalent to the legalization of other social order forms and the role of privileged inheritance in other social forms. In modern times, the owners of bourgeois privileges have to resort to college qualifications to prove that they have both ability and political integrity and to confirm their exploitation privileges.
Education is the main carrier of social civilization transmission, and human modernization, as an advanced form of social civilization, undoubtedly bears great social functions in its realization. Collins and Daniel. Bell and others all believe that in the future social stratum structure, education will be the screening standard of social and economic beneficiaries, technical ability will become the condition of actual power, higher education will become the means to acquire technical ability, and technical ability will be the primary condition for recruiting members of major social institutions. In the so-called "post-industrial society", power and status should develop according to the logic of the rule of capable people, and its social order will be based on the principle of giving priority to educated capable people. "
Third, the influence of education in the real social stratification.
Education cannot directly benefit individuals unless society has a system that can be used to turn education into resources. Under the macro background of "educational society", academic qualifications and diplomas become the intermediary of exchange relationship. In the real China society, the concern about academic qualifications is better than the concern about practical knowledge and ability. Social employers' application for talents with scarce resources is based on academic qualifications and the reputation of a school or major with the same academic qualifications. All these objectively guide people's educational concept. From the school education in our country, especially the higher education, we can see that most people compete in advance in order to obtain academic diplomas, to obtain jobs with considerable income in the future, and to gain a favorable position in social stratification.
Diploma education represents a person's education level, and vocational participants with higher education are more likely to get better jobs from employers. Occupation is related to education level, and occupation is an important standard to measure class status. Blau and Duncan believe that in the modern society where social division of labor and specialization are very developed, the division of economic and political power is based on professional differentiation. This view has been widely used in western social stratum analysis. Because the market is the main allocation means, the distribution of labor resources depends on the market mechanism, and most of people's economic interests are realized through professional channels.
Education is not only closely related to a person's income interests, but also closely related to many other market interests, such as prestige, leisure, welfare and so on. In modern society, the opportunity of upward mobility through education is far greater than that through occupation. Receiving a certain education and obtaining the corresponding academic certification is the basis for individuals to participate in modern social life and create and share the fruits of social development. Failure to enter the field of education means that they will be marginalized by society or organizations. The essence of people's pursuit of equal educational opportunities is to seek equal opportunities to participate in social life, otherwise it will form educational isolation and be blocked in creating and sharing social achievements.
Fourthly, the thinking behind the positive correlation between education and social stratification.
While education provides equal opportunities for social members to flow to the upper class, many people excessively pursue the utilitarian value of education and regard educational products as a kind of "crazy consumption", but seldom care about the essential significance and intrinsic value of education. People's educational consumption behavior is inevitably irrational, which leads to a sharp rise in the price of academic qualifications in the labor market. As a result, the number of people with higher education has increased, while the level of education income is declining.
In fact, the acquisition of academic qualifications can only be achieved through long-term tempering and strict screening. In the reality of rising academic qualifications, the bubble phenomenon of education is inevitable. The bubble of education is because the consumption demand of education exceeds the supply of limited educational resources, which leads to the growth of educational resources far behind the growth of educational scale, resulting in a large number of inefficient or even invalid educational diplomas, which in turn leads to the general credit crisis of diplomas. The credit crisis of education diploma not only destroys the balance among the four elements in the ecosystem of education development, but also damages the sustainable development of education. It also leads to the distortion and disorder of personal human capital signals marked by academic qualifications, which increases the risk of human investment in the labor market and dampens the investment desire of employers.
With the transformation of social structure, the social stratification model based on identity system is being replaced by the differentiation model based on study and occupation, which has a positive role in promoting the realization of educational equity. We should not only see the close relationship between education and individual social status, but also put forward the basic quality requirements for education in the system, eliminate the bad factors that easily lead to the imbalance of educational development ecosystem, and make the differentiation of social structure more reasonable and tend to benign development.
References: [2] Li Lulu. Theory and problems of social transformation and social stratification structure change [J], Jiangsu Social Sciences, 200 1( 1)
The influence of education on society 2 As the successors of socialist construction, college students' comprehensive quality and working ability not only affect their future development, but also affect the progress of various construction undertakings in China, so the state has always attached great importance to the management of university education. In order to implement the development concept of rejuvenating the country through science and education and realize the goal of quality education, it is necessary to strengthen the management of university education, innovate the working methods of education management according to the current social development situation, improve the comprehensive quality and working ability of college students, help them establish correct life values and long-term development goals, make them better based on society, make contributions to socialist construction, and promote the stable progress and rapid development of society.
First, the meaning of university education management
University education management is based on the realization of educational goals, within the scope of authority stipulated by laws and regulations, with professional courses as the core, combined with ideological and moral education, giving full play to the guiding role of teachers, scientifically designing and orderly organizing teaching activities, so that students can master perfect professional knowledge and technology, have higher ideological and moral quality, meet all aspects of social requirements for new talents, and help college students better stand on the society after graduation. University education management is a management model with "learning" as the core, which involves many aspects such as teaching and learning concepts, teaching and learning methods, teaching and learning environment, teaching and learning effects and so on. In the new development period, university education management should embody the people-oriented quality education concept, promote the deepening reform of education, adapt to the needs of university education under the new situation, and deliver more high-quality talents to the society.
Second, the goal of university education management
The goal of university education management is different at different levels and angles. First of all, university education management should teach students to do things and be human. University education is the main way to impart cultural knowledge to students and an important way to improve their ideological and moral quality. In addition to strong professional ability and rich knowledge reserves, college students need to form a correct outlook on life, values and world outlook, have noble qualities and sentiments, be able to strictly restrain their words and deeds with professional ethics and public ethics, and be a new type of talent with strong professional ability and high comprehensive quality [1]. Secondly, university teaching management should ensure the simultaneous improvement of college students' knowledge and ability and help students achieve long-term development goals. It is not enough for college students to have a solid foundation of cultural knowledge if they want to stand on the society. They should be able to flexibly apply what they have learned to practice, solve problems encountered in life and work, and avoid college students being just an armchair strategist. Moreover, in the social environment, college students will face pressure from all sides, and the social competition is fierce. Only by doing a good job in university education management and improving students' general ability and special ability can we expand our competitive advantage and occupy a place in society. Finally, university education management needs to realize the dialectical unity of individual value and social value of college students, so that college students can realize their own interests, establish collective consciousness, make more contributions to society and build a harmonious and stable society. In university teaching management, students should be helped to accurately position themselves, realize their life value and significance, define their development goals, scientifically plan their own development, safeguard collective interests and social interests while seeking their own development, make more contributions to society, and fully reflect their life value and significance.
Third, the current college students based on social problems
China has always attached great importance to the education and management of college students. In recent years, it has also increased investment and adopted a series of measures to carry out reforms. However, there are still many problems in practical work, which seriously affect the level and quality of education management in colleges and universities, making it difficult for college students to stand on the society, which is not conducive to their future growth and development, nor to the progress of socialist modernization in China. When college students base themselves on the society after graduation, the main problems are lack of work ability and self-awareness, which need to be analyzed in detail.
Lack of working ability
Strong working ability is the basic requirement of enterprises for college graduates, and it is also the fundamental guarantee for college students' smooth employment, which plays an important role in better foothold in society [2]. However, judging from the current achievements of university education management, college students generally have the phenomenon of "high scores but low abilities". Although they can achieve good results in general examinations and have a solid professional foundation, most students just memorize, only "talk on paper", and their adaptability and ability to solve practical problems are poor. Once they encounter practical problems, they will not use them flexibly. Those who lack innovation ability will only follow the pre-school methods, and will not think independently and find new ways to solve problems. Therefore, after entering the society, many college students often show insufficient working ability, which makes it difficult to meet the job requirements, and they are at a disadvantage in the competition and are easily eliminated. The reasons for the lack of college students' work ability mainly include two aspects, namely, the backward concept of college education management and the weak self-restraint ability of college students. Influenced by the traditional concept of exam-oriented education, many universities in China still take students' academic performance as the standard to evaluate students, and do not comprehensively evaluate students' abilities in all aspects. In the process of teaching, they pay attention to knowledge education and spend a lot of time and energy on teaching students cultural knowledge, ignoring the importance of other types of education. Most students have to spend a lot of time and energy learning professional knowledge in order to cope with school exams and improve their exam results. They have no time and energy to participate in other activities, so it is difficult to effectively improve their comprehensive quality and meet the social demand for new talents. At the same time, after entering the university, many students fall into a misunderstanding that the task of studying in the university is light, so they no longer strictly restrain themselves as they did in high school, and their learning attitude is not correct. They often play truant and skip classes, which makes their academic performance decline seriously. Some students have poor communication skills, and it is difficult to adapt quickly after entering the new university environment. They have not established good interpersonal relationships with their classmates, their interpersonal skills have not been cultivated and exercised, and their social skills are not strong, so it is difficult to adapt to society quickly.
(B) lack of self-awareness
Accurate self-positioning is the main basis for college students to scientifically plan their development goals and realize the value of life, and it is also an important condition for college students to better stand on the society. However, at present, it is difficult for many college students to achieve accurate self-cognition, and there is a phenomenon of "being superior to others" in employment. Although their working ability is not strong, they have high requirements for their work. When they can't find their ideal job, they will be full of dissatisfaction with society, instead of self-reflection and looking for the reasons for employment failure from their own perspective. At the same time, there is still a serious phenomenon of "high and low" in the process of college students' employment. Every college student wants to find a well-paid job when he is employed, because they have high academic qualifications, are proficient in professional knowledge and technology, are confident when they are employed, and are unwilling to engage in ordinary jobs, but they don't realize that they have just entered the society, have no work experience, lack certain work experience, and their work ability needs to be improved. However, some enterprises may pay more attention to the work experience of candidates when selecting talents, which makes many college students lose their jobs when applying for jobs, which has seriously hit the employment confidence of college students and caused a great psychological gap between them [3]. In addition, many college students are confused when they are employed, and their life direction and goals are unclear. They have not scientifically planned their careers according to their actual conditions, and have not fully explored their self-worth, so they cannot adapt to the new social environment quickly. The backward management mode of university education is the main reason for the lack of self-awareness of college students. At present, most colleges and universities have not updated their educational management concepts in time, the educational management mode is relatively backward, and there is a lack of targeted teaching for students, so it is difficult for students to develop their personality and their development potential has not been fully tapped. Without paying attention to the cultivation of college students' comprehensive quality, it is difficult for students to fully develop and improve their own abilities, have no competitive advantage in employment and stand on the society.
Fourthly, the significance of social-based university education management to college students.
(A) establish a correct outlook on life of college students
If college students want to stand on the society better, they need to improve their self-awareness, accurately position themselves, clarify their relationship with society, set up lofty ideals and ambitions, and scientifically plan their life development and career according to their actual situation. University education management can help students form a correct outlook on life and value orientation, which is very important for students to better stand on the society. Through the management of university education, we can accurately convey materialistic ideas to students, treat everything scientifically, understand and abide by the laws of development and evolution of various things in nature, persist in seeking truth from facts, and cultivate students' awareness of exploration and innovation. At the same time, it can accurately convey socialist ideas to students, stimulate their patriotic feelings, and improve their sense of service and dedication. When there is a conflict between individual interests and collective interests, we should focus on collective interests and have a strong sense of social responsibility, so as to better stand in society [4].
(2) Improve the IQ and EQ of college students.
University is a small society. University education management not only cultivates students' IQ of cultural knowledge, but also cultivates students' EQ of social communication. Because the ultimate destination of college students must be society, the cultivation of emotional intelligence qualities such as social communication and adaptability should be fully considered in the education management of college students. The communication between students, between students and teachers, and between students and parents is of far-reaching significance to college students' foothold in society in the future. Starting from the teaching practice, we can satisfy the connection between students' school education and society, enhance students' flexibility and adaptability based on society in the future, give students a space for communication, give students an opportunity to exercise, and finally cultivate a person with temperature, interest and thought.
(C) the realization of the theory and practice of college students.
University education management provides students with the conditions to test their comprehensive quality and ability, so that students can test their theoretical knowledge and practical ability, find out their own shortcomings, and carry out targeted training and exercise; At the same time, it also provides students with enough free space to present their own ideas and conjectures, which plays an important role in dispersing students' thinking, cultivating students' logical ability and ability to analyze problems, and is very beneficial for students to better stand on the society. University education management can provide students with employment guidance and training according to their own characteristics and actual learning situation, combined with market development, and provide corresponding practical training opportunities for college students to help them improve their self-awareness and find their own strengths and weaknesses. On this basis, when making life planning and career planning, we should make more scientific development goals and realize their own values.
(d) Set goals and strive for them.
University education can help college students make benign choices, including their dreams and ideals. Dream is a strong subjective desire, not restricted by many external factors, but what you want to do according to your own heart, which is completely up to you. Ideal is to rationally consider the influence and restriction of external factors and choose what to do according to its own development conditions. Do what should be done first, and then do what you want when the time is ripe and you have certain ability. At this point, university education can help students look at the whole world from an objective perspective. College education management endows college students with cognitive ability and makes rational choices, thus making benign choices. This kind of quality training will help college students base themselves on the society in the future, and know what to stick to and what to give up when encountering difficult choices, so that they can concentrate on solving many puzzles, thus forming their own principles and learning to refuse.
Fifth, the methods to help students stand on the society in the management of higher education.
(A) establish a people-oriented educational philosophy
With the deepening of quality education, the cultivation of college students' comprehensive quality has been paid more and more attention by college education management. In order to help college students better stand on the society, it is necessary to adhere to the people-oriented educational concept, establish a student-centered educational management model, and put it into practical work to improve their comprehensive quality and working ability [5]. In the process of educational management, colleges and universities need to make clear students' dominant position, understand each student's characteristics and learning situation, respect students' individual differences, make full use of various teaching resources, create a good teaching environment, update educational concepts in time, get rid of the traditional concept of exam-oriented education, and cultivate students' comprehensive quality and ability.
(B) market-oriented innovative teaching model
Whether students can stand on the society is reflected by their employment situation. Therefore, when optimizing the management mode of university education, we must innovate and adjust the teaching mode according to the market demand for talents, so as to improve students' working ability. Colleges and universities should do a good job in market research, determine more suitable teaching content according to the market demand for talents, update teaching content in time, and make reasonable teaching plans. At the same time, we should provide more practical opportunities for students to test their mastery of theoretical knowledge in the process of hands-on operation, improve their practical ability and application ability, and strengthen training according to their own shortcomings to ensure the synchronization of theoretical teaching and practical teaching.
(3) Improve employment guidance and training.
Employment guidance and training is the most effective way to improve students' employability, which can help students to make scientific career planning, clarify the development direction and goals, and play an important role in students' foothold in society. Because most university teachers don't know enough about the market and have limited help for students' employment, it is difficult to help them plan their careers scientifically. Therefore, in the process of education management, colleges and universities can hire professionals to provide employment guidance and training for college students, so that they can understand the standard recruitment process, master interview skills, pay attention to common problems in the employment process, and help them plan their careers scientifically according to their actual conditions and complete employment more smoothly.
(D) Strengthening ideological and political education of college students
Ideological and political education is an important part of college students' education management, so we must attach great importance to this work and strengthen college students' ideological and political education. First of all, we should help college students to establish correct life values, improve their sense of responsibility and service, so that they can adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts, improve their emotional intelligence and IQ, and learn how to be a man. In addition, it is necessary to accurately convey the socialist development concept to college students, improve their understanding of national policies, guidelines and development directions, and take this as the direction and goal of progress, establish lofty aspirations and better stand on the society.
Conclusion of intransitive verbs
In order to improve the level and quality of university education management, give full play to its value and role, and help college students better stand on the society, it is necessary to innovate and optimize the working mode of university education management in combination with the reasons why college students are facing social difficulties at present. By establishing the humanistic education concept, innovating the education mode with market orientation, improving the employment guidance and training of college students and strengthening the ideological and political education of college students, we can improve the shortcomings in the current university education management, improve the adaptability of college students to society, provide a strong guarantee for their all-round growth and long-term development, and promote the progress of China's education.
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