A few small holes can be punched in the plastic bag to keep it ventilated. You can wrap it in paper and put it in a cloth bag. It cannot be softened for more than 3 days at room temperature. I've tried it, and it's very good ~ ~ to avoid moisture accumulation and fruit spoilage.
How to keep peaches fresh?
Peaches should be kept at room temperature. In a dry freezer, the aroma components will volatilize and the sweetness will decrease.
Researchers at the University of Georgia tried to extend the shelf life of fresh peaches. They soaked peaches in 1% calcium chloride solution for 30 minutes, then stored them and shipped them away. Generally speaking, the storage time of peaches should not exceed 2 weeks, but the storage time can be extended to 2 1 day by this method.
Where can I keep peaches for a long time?
First of all, you can't wash it! Generally speaking, the storage time of peaches should not exceed 2 weeks, but this method can extend the storage time to 2 1 day, and peaches are harder than untreated samples.
Peaches are soft and juicy. When they are mature, their skin is thin and tender, and they are not resistant to storage. Comprehensive measures should be taken to keep fresh after picking.
The suitable refrigeration temperature is -0.5℃-0℃ and the relative humidity is 90%. If it is to be preserved for a long time, the temperature of the cold storage must be strictly controlled, and the temperature of the cold storage cannot fluctuate. If it is lower than-1℃, it may be frozen. Peaches can be properly ventilated at the initial stage of storage. At low temperature, symptoms of chilling injury will appear after 2 weeks. When it is moved to a high temperature environment for ripening, the pulp will become dry, fluffy and soft, and the pulp around the stone will appear obvious brown. In severe cases, patterns can be seen on the skin, the skin color is dull and the flavor will change. Peaches stored at 2℃-5℃ are more prone to pulp deterioration than those stored below 0℃. The varieties with good storability can be stored for 4 weeks under the stable condition of -0.5℃-0℃, and the quality is good. Peaches will become tasteless if they are refrigerated for too long, so their storage period should not be too long.
Peach stored in modified atmosphere at 0℃, relative humidity 85%-90%, carbon dioxide volume fraction 5% and oxygen volume fraction 1% can be stored for 6 weeks, which is longer than peach stored in air 1 times. If bricks or zeolite soaked in potassium permanganate are added to the modified atmosphere bag to absorb ethylene, the effect will be better. It is reported that spontaneous modified atmosphere storage with fresh-keeping bags and CT series modified atmosphere preservatives can be stored for 2 months at 0℃-2℃ and at least 8 days at 25℃-30℃-10 day.
Refrigerator storage and preservation The precooled peaches are dried, packed in plastic bags and stored in the refrigerator. The temperature is controlled at 0℃, the relative humidity is controlled at 85%-90%, and the storage period can reach 1 month.
So everyone can eat peaches at any time. ....
Potting Techniques of Very Late Maturing and Delayed Maturing Peach in Solar Greenhouse
Li Baotian Xie Lichun Li Jiechun Ber Ber
(Baotian Taoyuan, Liujianfang Township, Liaozhong County, Liaoning Province, 1 102 13)
Protected cultivation can delay the maturity of extremely late-maturing fruit varieties, thus enriching the types of fruits in the market in a specific period and improving the economic benefits of fruit production. In order to explore the cultivation techniques of delayed ripening of extremely late-maturing peach varieties, we used potted plants in 1997~2000, and set an ice wall on the back wall of the greenhouse in spring to reduce the temperature, delay the flowering period and protect the fruit in the later growth period, so that the extremely late-maturing peach varieties matured in Liaozhong County, Liaoning Province in 65438+February, and the fruit maturity was delayed by 30~40 days. This technology passed Shenyang 1999 1 1 in June.
Appraised by the Municipal Science and Technology Commission, the test results are hereby notified as follows.
The basic situation of 1
The experiment was conducted in Baotian Taoyuan, Malong Village, Liujianfang Township, Liaozhong County, Liaoning Province. Liaozhong County is located at 4112 ′ ~ 4147 ′ north latitude, with an annual average temperature of 8.5℃ and a frost-free period of 16 1 day. The fruit of very late-maturing peach varieties cultivated in the open field can not mature normally, so the cultivation experiment of very late-maturing peach was carried out in solar greenhouse. Xue Tao is the main cultivar and Tao Dong is the pollinator. Xue Tao is a very late-maturing variety with large fruit, with an average fruit weight of 400 g and soluble solid content of 17%. In Tao Dong, the average fruit weight is 120 g, 1998. In autumn, 200 pots of 2-year-old potted peach seedlings were placed in the solar greenhouse. 1999 In autumn, 400 pots of 2-year-old potted peach seedlings and 200 pots of 3-year-old potted peach seedlings were placed in the solar greenhouse. In the autumn of 2000, 200 potted peach seedlings of 2, 3 and 4 years old were placed in the solar greenhouse. Because of the dwarfing of potted peach seedlings, the spacing between two-year-old potted peach seedlings is 0.55 m, and 2 000 pots can be put in every 667 m2 (including the working area). The spacing of potted peach seedlings aged 3 years and above is 0.8 m, and each 667 m2 can be placed in 1 000 pots.
2 Output and benefit
Potting very late-maturing peaches in solar greenhouse can make peaches mature in the middle of the month or later, which can not only provide fresh fruit for the off-season fruit market, but also have certain market potential as ornamental fruit trees, so the economic benefit of this cultivation method is obviously higher than that of ordinary protected cultivation. According to the actual yield calculation, the average yield of 2-year-old potted peach trees is 1 kg, 3-year-old potted peach trees are 2 kg and 4-year-old potted peach trees are 3 kg. The actual area of 100 biennial potted peach trees in greenhouse is 33.4 m2 (including working path). From early June to mid-September, 50% of the potted peach trees in the greenhouse were moved to the fields around the solar greenhouse, covering an area of 33.4m2, and the peach trees in the greenhouse and in the open field 100 occupied an area of 66.8 m2, which was equivalent to 667 m2 according to the actual yield and occupied area. 1003,4-year-old potted peach trees have a greenhouse area of 66.7 m2, and the greenhouse and open area are133.4m2.. According to the actual yield and occupied area, the yield of 3-year-old and 4-year-old potted peach trees is 65438±0000kg and 65438±0500kg respectively. The average price per kilogram of extremely late-maturing snow peaches is 30 yuan, and the average price per pot of 3-and 4-year-old potted peach trees with fruits is 100 ~ 120 yuan. The output value of 667 m2 solar greenhouse and open space between greenhouses is more than 30,000 yuan.
3 main cultivation techniques
3. 1 solar greenhouse structure
The greenhouse under test is 96 meters long and 7 meters wide, with the back wall 2.2 meters high and the top 3.3 meters high. The wall is of brick-soil structure, with the east, west and north facing forward.
The earth wall 100 cm thick, the brick wall on the inner wall 12 cm thick, and 30 vents with a diameter of 30 cm are set on the north wall 1.5 m from the ground. Plaster the wall below 1.2 m from the ground, build a cement platform with a height of 25 cm and a width of 40 cm on the wall foundation, and drain it after the ice wall melts. The frame of the greenhouse is a steel structure, and the south of the greenhouse is arched, covered with a film with a thickness of 0.05 mm and covered with grass with a thickness of 3 cm.
3.2 potting method
Pot soil is mixed soil, and river sand, field topsoil and horse manure account for 65,438+0/3 respectively, and are sieved and mixed evenly. 1 year-old peach seedlings use a flowerpot with a diameter of 750px and a height of 40 cm, and drill 5~8 holes in the bottom of the flowerpot with an electric drill. Soak the planted seedlings in 500 times of sulfur mixed solution for 5 minutes, put 10 cm of nutrient soil into the bottom of the basin, put the seedlings in the middle of the basin for righting, then irrigate, and fill the basin soil 6 cm away from the basin edge after standing.
In the second year of potted plants, a large pot with a diameter of 50 cm and a height of 65 cm should be changed. It is not advisable to irrigate 2~3 days before changing pots, so that the pot soil is dry to facilitate seedling raising. When changing pots, first drill 5-8 holes in the bottom of the big pot, and then put the transplanted peach tree and its small pot horizontally, pat the pot wall, lift the peach tree with soil, put it into the big pot after the pot soil is separated from the pot wall, and fill it with nutrient soil until the pot soil is 6 cm away from the pot edge.
3.3 Plastic dressing
After peach seedlings are planted in pots, they are fixed at the height of 10~ 15 cm, and 3~4 main branches are selected. When the main branch grows to 10~ 15 cm, it should be removed and shaped according to the natural shape. Before the peach buds germinate in the next spring, the branches with upright cavities are cut off, leaving 3-4 medium-long fruit branches.
Don't thin fruit branches in summer, cut fruit branches less, and leave 6~8 leaves before fruit. Pull, thin, hang and top branches in autumn, and adjust the angle of branch group. In the third to fourth year of potted peach planting, the pruning method is the same as that in the second year, the tree height is controlled within 1 m, and the crown width is 0.85 m.
3.4 Annual management of potted peach trees
In the same year, potted peach trees were planted in the greenhouse in late autumn, and the shed was buckled in early winter. In severe cold, cover the plastic film with straw mats to keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 6 ~-6℃. Before mid-February, the square basket of Vitex negundo with plastic bags was placed outside the north wall of the greenhouse and naturally frozen with water to make an ice wall with a width of 1.750 px and a height of about1.5 m.. In the middle of March of the following year, the temperature rises, and the ice wall can keep the temperature in the solar greenhouse below 7℃ for about 40 days. At the beginning of May, the average daily temperature in the greenhouse reached 8℃, and peach buds began to sprout. At this time, the straw cover will be uncovered in the morning and evening, and the flowering period of peach trees will be postponed as much as possible during the day. In the middle and late May, the straw cover and plastic film were removed to allow peach trees to blossom in the open field. By adopting the above method, the flowering period of potted peach trees can be delayed by about 20 days. At the beginning of June, potted peach trees were alternately moved out of the greenhouse and placed in the fields around the greenhouse at the same spacing as in the greenhouse. grow
Move the peach pot 1 time within 20 days to prevent the peach root from extending into the ground from the hole at the bottom of the pot, resulting in the white growth of peach trees. Bagging after fruit thinning in late June, and moving outdoor potted peach trees into greenhouse in late September. The row spacing is 0.55 meters, and 2,000 plants can be planted in 667 square meters. At the beginning of September, the greenhouse was covered with drip-free film. In hot weather, open the vent to cool down, and the daytime temperature is 25~28℃. Cover the grass at night in mid-September, and control the temperature at 20~25℃ from early June to mid-February (18), and the temperature at night shall not be lower than 10℃. Take off the fruit bag 15 days before harvesting. After the fruits are harvested, the potted peach trees can be properly concentrated in the greenhouse, covered with grass cover day and night, and the indoor temperature is gradually lowered, and the indoor temperature is adjusted to 6~-6℃. The annual management of 3.4-year-old potted peaches is the same as that of 2-year-old potted peaches, but the spacing in the greenhouse is increased to 0.8 m. ..
3.5 Prevention and control of major pests and diseases
Check the roots of peach trees carefully before planting to prevent root cancer seedlings from mixing.
Spraying 5 Baume lime-sulfur mixture before germination every year.
Spraying 65% zineb wettable powder 500 times on the leaves, alternately spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times and 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1 1,000 times in the growing season to prevent bacterial perforation.
Spraying 3 000 times solution of 20% fenpropathrin EC to control aphids during bud germination. Aphids are found in the growing period and prevented in time. During the occurrence period of hawthorn spider mite, 75% propargite EC can be sprayed for 2 000 times. Spraying 25% diflubenzuron No.3 suspending agent 2-3 times every 10 day during the occurrence period of peach leaf miner. Spraying 1 2.5% fenpropathrin EC for 2 500 times before bagging to control the pear moth and peach moth.
Delayed cultivation of snow peach in solar greenhouse
Over the years, while studying the cultivation of early-maturing peaches, we are also studying the delayed cultivation techniques of late-maturing peaches in greenhouses. 1999165438+1October 28th, this technology passed the appraisal of Shenyang Science and Technology Commission and was tentatively named as Baotian Xue Tao. 199665438+In mid-February, among many late-maturing peach varieties in Baotian Taoyuan greenhouse, one peach tree produced five huge and bright peaches, which were extremely sweet and had the fragrance of wild peach trees. When it matured, it coincided with the heavy snow outside, so it was named Xue Tao (once known as the Snow King). 1997 grafted its branches on 30 perennial peach trees, and the average yield per plant in1998+February was 5kg. 65438+ fresh peaches will be listed in late February, with 60 yuan per kilogram. In 1997, there are 1200 budding seedlings. In the spring of 1998, 500 semi-mature seedlings were planted in a greenhouse with an area of 666.7m2, and began to bear fruit in1999+February, yielding peaches 1250kg with an average yield of 2.5kg.
First, the main characters
The tree is in moderate growth, half open. All kinds of fruit branches are thick and short, with many and full buds. Large petals, abundant pollen and high fruit setting rate. The flower buds have strong cold resistance and high yield. The fruit is round and short-pointed, with an average single fruit weight of 400g, and the maximum weight is above1000 g, and the peel is red and colored by about 80%. The flesh is white, crisp and sweet, and the soluble solid content is above 18%. The growth period of sticky stone fruit is 240d, and it is extremely resistant to storage and transportation (see color pictures in Illustrations 3 and 4). General greenhouse production began to sprout in late April, and blossomed in early May and mid-February. In the hot summer season, the young fruit grows slowly, and the temperature turns low in late September, while the peach fruit grows rapidly, and165438+1early October1middle and late October expands rapidly. 65438+ The coloring rate in early February is about 50%, 65438+.
Second, the main cultivation techniques
2. 1 squat seedlings
First, plant the seedlings in a nutrition bowl (bamboo basket, wooden box, flowerpot, woven bag, etc.). ), and the proportion of nutrient soil is one-third of that of sand, black soil and horse manure. The best time to squat seedlings is from mid-February of 65438 to early May at the latest.
2.2 Colonization
The best planting time should be after the end of late frost (from early May to early June, not later than165438+1mid-October). If the crops grow in the greenhouse, they can be planted about one month before the dormancy period after autumn. The planting density can be flexibly controlled, and there are enough seedlings, so it can be planted at a high density of1m×1m. It can also be planted at the spacing of 2m× 2m and 2m×1m. Before planting, dig a planting ditch with a depth of 70 ~ 2,000 px and a width of 1m, and then apply farm manure of 25m3/666.7m2, which can be used for all kinds of livestock manure and soil miscellaneous manure, and the chicken manure does not exceed 15% of the total fertilizer. Mix the trench soil and manure thoroughly, then backfill it, fill it with water and rake it flat.
2.3 plastic finishing
When the seedling height is 15~500px, 6~8 leaves are left for coring, 3~4 lateral branches are selected as the first-class main branches, and then coring is carried out when the first-class main branches reach 20~625px, and then pruning is carried out in the shape of "Ya" to form a happy shape with multiple main branches. Pruning should be done in all seasons. Around February, the upright branches, over-dense branches, sparse branches and diseased branches in the cavity were cut off, and the strong branches were beaten off, and the fruiting branches at all levels were adjusted to make the primary and secondary branches clear. Leave 5~6 buds for long fruit branches and 2~3 buds for short fruit branches, and lightly cut or not cut the bouquet. During the fruit growth period, the branches that bear little or no fruit and diseased branches are thinned or leveled, and the branches that extend at the periphery are shortened to promote the expansion of fruiting branches. From late July to early September, the upright fruit-covered branches should be cut off or leveled to help the fruit. Generally, the elongation of branches at all levels is 25~750px, and coring is stopped after beginning of autumn. Pruning after fruit picking (65438+mid-late February) needs to balance tree potential, determine reasonable density, remove over-dense plants, sparse or cut short strong branches, and adjust branch angle.
2.4 Fertilization and chemical control
Before and after flowering, apply compound fertilizer containing potassium sulfate 15~20kg every 666.7m2, apply compound fertilizer containing potassium sulfate 10kg during fruit expansion, and supplement potassium sulfate 15kg. It is best to apply appropriate amount of chicken manure during the fruit growth period. Every fertilization should be combined with irrigation.
Can be combined with pesticides and added with potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Spraying paclobutrazol 200-300 times solution for 2-3 times from early July to mid-August.
2.5 Temperature Management Late-maturing peaches can only give play to their advantages if they mature late. Therefore, we should try our best to reduce the greenhouse temperature in early spring to delay their later flowering. We should cover them tightly in early spring, and when the peach blossoms with swollen buds are about to open, uncover the film and let them grow. The daily average temperature at flowering stage is 12~ 14℃, the lowest is not lower than 0℃ (peach blossoms are frozen at -2℃), the young fruit stage is not lower than 1.5℃, and the optimal temperature at fruit growth stage is 25~28℃, and the highest is not higher than 35℃. In late August, the weather is getting colder, so it is necessary to buckle the film early, not later than the beginning of September, and not later than September 10. At the initial stage of film buckling, high temperature should be strictly prevented. The maximum temperature during the day should not exceed 30℃, the minimum temperature at night should not be lower than 10℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is 10℃. 165438+ 10 This month, it is necessary to set a stove to raise the temperature, otherwise the temperature in the greenhouse will drop below 5℃ in extremely cold weather. The temperature at harvest time should be reduced appropriately, but not lower than 5℃. After picking the fruit, let the tree sleep slowly. The optimum temperature for dormancy is 6~-6℃, and the minimum temperature shall not be lower than-15℃. In case of extremely low temperature, the temperature can be increased during the day, but it cannot exceed 7℃. Ventilation for 30min~ 1h from 7: 00 to 8: 30 in the morning, so as not to freeze the trees.
2.6 packaging
Late-maturing peaches are prone to insect pests and fruit cracking, so bagging protection is very necessary. Bagging time is from late June to early July after the second fruit thinning, and fungicides should be sprayed before bagging.
2.7 Pest control
Pest control should focus on prevention. Spraying 3 ~ 5 be mixture of sulfur and pyrethroids 1500~2000 times before germination is mainly used to control bacterial perforation, powdery mildew, peach aphid, red spider, liriomyza sativae, fruit eater and so on. Spraying 2~3 times in the young fruit period (from late May to early July) to prevent aphids and fruit eaters. Spraying urea no.3 to control peach fruit borer and liriomyza sativae. Spray once every 10d to prevent moth and floating dust. Add proper amount of bactericide, such as thiophanate and carbendazim, when spraying each time. When the pest is serious, it can be sprayed once every 7 days.
refer to
Li Daode. Fruit tree cultivation, Peach family
Ma jun Fruit tree production technology, facility cultivation part
Kong Qingxin. Protected agriculture-cultivating fruit trees and peaches in greenhouse in winter.
Supporting Techniques for Unilateral Fruit Tree Pruning in Shanxi Province 2007( 1) Forestry Station of Tang Wu Town, Changle County, Shandong Province (262400) Shi Mingkun Forestry Station of Qiaoguan Town, Changle County, Shandong Province, Jun Xiao
Development of Deciduous Fruit Tree Technology Characteristics and Pruning Techniques of Deciduous Fruit Tree 2005( 1) "One-sided" Peach Tree
Delayed cultivation in greenhouse of Baotian Xue Tao succeeded.
Potting Techniques of Very Late Maturing and Delayed Maturing Peach in Solar Greenhouse
Hope to adopt