In addition to joint pain during gout attack, long-term hyperuricemia will also affect patients' renal function and increase the risk of hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction. Therefore, it is very important to control the uric acid level of gout patients.
Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism. 80% of uric acid in human body comes from nucleic acids and other purine chemicals decomposed by cells, and 20% comes from food. The dietary control goal of gout patients is to control 20% of exogenous uric acid intake and promote uric acid excretion.
Got gout, how to eat? What can and can't be eaten?
Attention! !
Please know the purine content of food.
According to the purine content of food, we are divided into high purine foods, that is, foods that patients with gout and high uric acid should completely avoid; Purine foods are recommended to be strictly restricted, and gout should not be eaten during acute attack; Low-purine food, pay a little attention when eating. Please refer to the table below for details about which foods belong to which category:
According to the table, here are some practical suggestions for gout patients who are worried about what to eat and what not to eat:
Most vegetables and fruits are low purine foods, which are generally edible. Especially cucumbers, pumpkins, potatoes, cabbages, rape, carrots and so on. Eat more properly to prevent the formation of stones. However, plant foods with high purine content such as mushrooms, straw mushrooms, laver, kelp and grain germ should be carefully selected.
Try to avoid eating too many sugary drinks and fruits (especially fructose) with high sugar content, such as apples, oranges, longan, lychee, grapefruit, persimmon and pomegranate. Because the fructose content in patients' blood rises, the uric acid content in blood and urine will increase rapidly. You can eat fruits with low fructose content in moderation, such as plums, cucumbers, coconuts, pineapples, peaches and plums. Relatively speaking, lemon, cherry and olive are beneficial to gout patients.
Among animal foods, patients are advised to choose white meat as far as possible, mainly lean meat, and pay attention to processing methods. In terms of species, the meat with dark color before cooking is generally called red meat, such as mammals, including cattle, sheep and pigs. And the purine content is higher than that of white meat (such as non-mammals, including chickens, ducks, geese and freshwater fish, etc. ). The purine content of animal viscera is generally higher than that of common meat. Fat meat contains a lot of fat and cholesterol, which is easy to cause obesity and aggravate uric acid metabolism disorder, so eating meat should be based on lean meat.
The consumption of meat varies from person to person, and there is no uniform standard. However, it is generally believed that the daily meat intake of patients should not exceed 100g when there is no acute gout attack. In case of acute gout attack, meat intake should be temporarily reduced, controlled within 50g/ day, or even not eaten. In addition, we should also pay attention to the processing methods of meat food. Waxed, smoked and pickled meat is high in purine and salt, which will interfere with uric acid metabolism and is not suitable for patients. When using condiments, please also avoid using too much salt, sugar, spices and seafood.
For patients without kidney and heart contraindications, it is recommended to drink 2 liters and 3 liters of water every day to ensure that the urine volume is about 2 liters to promote uric acid excretion from urine. The PH value of urine is 6.3-6.8, which is beneficial to uric acid excretion and reduces the formation of urate crystals. Therefore, in addition to boiled water, you can drink weakly alkaline small molecular water, such as soda water and lemonade. Coffee and tea can be drunk properly, but avoid adding sugar; Don't drink strong tea or coffee.
Don't drink. Beer contains purine, and many patients know that they can't drink it. Although the purine content in wine and liquor is very low, alcohol will promote the absorption of purine, and patients are prone to ingest a lot of high-purine foods during drinking, so drinking alcohol will increase the risk of gout.
Stick to aerobic exercise. In addition to diet, we also advise gout patients to exercise regularly after acute gout attack without joint swelling and pain. Try to do aerobic exercise, four times a week, five times, each time 0.5 hours 1 hour. Drink water properly during and after exercise to promote uric acid excretion and try to maintain an ideal weight.
In particular, it should be emphasized that:
Gout is closely related to diet, but not all of them. In the occurrence of hyperuricemia, endogenous metabolic disorder is more important than exogenous factors. Diet is often the cause of acute attack of gouty arthritis. It can be seen that gout is closely related to diet, but it is mainly caused by metabolic disorder. In daily life, it is impossible and unnecessary for gout patients to unilaterally pursue a zero purine diet.
Authors: Residents of Health China Medical Card Project.
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhang Yanli.
Li, Chief Physician, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital
Planning: Tan Jia